溅射功率对射频磁控溅射制备非晶In-Ga-Zn-O薄膜的影响

采用射频磁控溅射法在室温玻璃衬底上成功地制备出了铟镓锌氧(In-Ga-Zn-O)透明导电薄膜.研究了不同溅射功率对In-Ga-Zn-O薄膜结构、电学和光学性能的影响.X射线衍射(XRD)表明,在80～150 W溅射功率范围内In-Ga-Zn-O薄膜为非晶结构.随着溅射功率的增加,生长速率成线性增加,电阻率逐渐降低.透射光谱显示在350 nm附近出现较陡的吸收边缘,说明In-Ga-Zn-O薄膜在以上溅射功率范围内具有良好的薄膜质量.光学禁带宽度随着溅射功率增加而减小.In-Ga-Zn-O薄膜在500～800nm可见光区平均透过率超过90;.     

溅射功率对铝铬共掺杂氧化锌透明导电薄膜特性的影响(英文)

室温下,利用直流磁控溅射法在玻璃衬底上制备了铝铬共掺杂氧化锌薄膜,研究了溅射功率(55-130 W)对薄膜结构、残余应力、表面形貌及其光电性能的影响。结果表明,ZnO(002)衍射峰的强度随着溅射功率的增大而增强,晶体结构得以改善。晶格常数、压应力和电阻率均随着溅射功率的增大而减小。当溅射功率为130 W时,制备的ZnO∶Al,Cr薄膜的最低电阻率可达1.09×10-3Ω.cm。功率由55 W增大到130 W时,光学带隙由3.39 eV增大到3.45 eV。紫外-可见透射光谱表明,所有薄膜在可见光范围内平均透过率均超过89%。     

辉光功率对n型a-Si:H薄膜结构及性能的影响

采用射频等离子增强化学气相沉积(RF-PECVD)方法,以氢稀释的硅烷(SiH4)为反应气体,磷烷(PH3)为掺杂气体,制备了n型氢化非品硅(a-Si:H)薄膜.研究了辉光放电功率对薄膜微结构和光电性能的影响,采用XRD和拉曼散射光谱对薄膜的微结构进行了表征,薄膜的折射率通过NKD-7000 W光学薄膜系统拟合,薄膜暗电导率利用高阻仪测试.结果表明:在辉光功率30～150 W范国内,所沉积的磷掺杂的硅薄膜为非晶态;非晶态薄膜结构中程有序度随辉光功率的增大先增人后减小,在功牢为100 W时非晶硅薄膜中程有序程度最高;薄膜的折射率随着辉光功率的增大先增加后减小,在功率为70 W达到最大值3.7;薄膜暗电导率在100 W最大,其最人值为9.32×10-3S/ cm.     

射频功率对ITZO薄膜结构、形貌及光电特性的影响

在室温下采用射频磁控溅射方法在玻璃衬底上制备了200 nm厚的铟锡锌氧化物(ITZO)薄膜,研究了不同功率下薄膜结构、形貌、光学和电学性能的变化规律.结果表明,ITZO薄膜为非晶薄膜并且有着良好的光电特性,其平均光学透过率超过了84;,载流子霍尔迁移率高达24 em2·V-1·s-1.随着射频功率从50 W上升到100 W,薄膜的光学带隙从3.68 eV逐渐增加到3.76 eV.研究发现,薄膜的电学性能强烈依赖于射频功率.随着功率的增加,薄膜的电学性能呈现出先变好后变差的变化规律.当射频功率为80 W时,ITZO薄膜拥有最佳的电学性能,其电阻率为3.80×10-4Ω·cm,载流子浓度为6.45×1020 cm-3,霍尔迁移率为24.14 cm2·V-1· s-1.     

溅射功率和溅射时间对Mg2Si纳米晶薄膜结构和电阻率的影响

采用射频磁控溅射在蓝宝石衬底上制备了Mg₂Si纳米晶薄膜,研究了Mg₂Si烧结靶溅射功率(90~140 W)及溅射时间(10~60 min)对Mg₂Si薄膜的结构和电阻率的影响。结果表明:随着溅射功率增加,样品的XRD衍射峰逐渐增强;但当功率超过100 W时,样品中出现了偏析出来的单质Mg。随着溅射时间增加,样品的XRD强度先增强后减弱,溅射时间为40 min时,样品的XRD衍射峰最强;继续增加溅射时间,样品中出现微弱的MgO衍射峰。所有样品均呈现出Mg₂Si晶体的特征拉曼峰,即256 cm^-1附近的F_2g模及347 cm^-1附近的F_1u(LO)模。随着溅射功率增加,样品的电阻率减小;随着溅射时间增加,样品的电阻率先减小后增大,溅射时间为40 min时,样品的电阻率最小。     

磁控溅射制备非晶硅薄膜的均匀性及光学吸收特性研究

利用射频磁控溅射镀膜技术,采用不同的衬底温度及射频功率在玻璃衬底上制备了非晶硅薄膜;利用X射线衍射仪、拉曼(Raman)散射仪、台阶仪、紫外-可见光-近红外分光光度计及SPSS统计分析方法研究了衬底温度及射频功率对薄膜均匀性及其光学吸收特性的影响.结果表明:衬底温度从150℃增加到200℃,薄膜的生长速率加快、均匀性降低、光学吸收强度增加,从200℃再增加到250℃,薄膜的生长速率降低、均匀性下降、光学吸收强度减弱;射频功率从90W增加到100 W,薄膜的生长速率加快、均匀性增加、光学吸收强度增加,从100 W再增加到110 W,则薄膜的生长速率降低,均匀性降低、光学吸收强度降低;获得了优化的非晶硅薄膜的制备工艺:射频功率100W,衬底温度200℃.     

氨水浓度对化学水浴法制备CdS缓冲层及CZTSe电池性能的影响

主要研究了化学水浴法沉积CdS薄膜中氨水浓度对薄膜材料特性的影响.通过X射线衍射(XRD)、扫描电子显微镜(SEM)和分光光度计(UV-Vis)等测试手段对制备的CdS薄膜的结构和光学特性进行了分析.结果表明:不同的氨水浓度条件下均得到立方相CdS薄膜,薄膜沿(111)面择优取向生长.随着氨水浓度增加时CdS薄膜表面逐渐变得致密光滑,CdS薄膜的透过率增强和带隙变宽.在氨水浓度为0.10 mol/L时制备出材料特性最佳的CdS薄膜,其表面紧凑致密无针孔,颗粒大小均匀,将其应用于CZTSe薄膜太阳电池中的缓冲层材料,得到光电转化效率为3.12;的CZTSe薄膜太阳电池(该电池未经任何后硒化处理工艺).     

铝膜溅射功率对铝诱导CdZnTe薄膜结构及性能影响

采用磁控溅射法制备CdZnTe先驱薄膜/金属Al膜的层叠结构,利用铝诱导技术制备CdZnTe薄膜.通过原子力显微镜、X射线衍射、Raman光谱仪和半导体特性分析系统,研究了铝膜溅射功率对铝诱导CdZnTe薄膜结构及性能的影响.结果表明:随着铝膜溅射功率的增加,铝诱导CdZnTe薄膜表面的薄膜结晶质量、晶粒尺寸和薄膜电阻率先增大后减小.铝诱导晶化的效果与铝膜溅射功率有关,当铝膜溅射功率达到100 W,CdZnTe薄膜的晶化诱导效果最显著,薄膜结晶质量最好,晶粒尺寸最大.     

溅射功率对ZnO∶Si透明导电薄膜性能的影响

采用直流磁控溅射法在室温玻璃基片上制备出了掺硅氧化锌(ZnO∶ Si)透明导电薄膜.研究了溅射功率对ZnO∶ Si薄膜结构、形貌、光学及电学性能的影响.结果表明,溅射功率对ZnO∶ Si薄膜的生长速率、结晶质量及电学性能有很大影响,而对其光学性能影响不大.实验制备的ZnO∶Si薄膜为六方纤锌矿结构的多晶薄膜,且具有垂直于基片方向的c轴择优取向.当溅射功率从45 W增加到105 W时,薄膜的晶化程度提高、晶粒尺寸增大,薄膜的电阻率减小;当溅射功率为105 W时,薄膜的电阻率达到最小值3.83×10-4 Ω·cm,其可见光透过率为94.41;.实验制备的ZnO∶ Si薄膜可以用作薄膜太阳能电池和液晶显示器的透明电极.     

CdS量子点敏化ZnO薄膜的制备及其性能研究

本文以Zn(CH3COO)2·2H2O、CdCl2和硫脲的水溶液分别为前驱体,采用超声喷雾热解法在ITO导电玻璃上成功的制备了CdS量子点敏化ZnO薄膜(ZnO∶ CdS).通过扫描电镜(SEM),X射线衍射(XRD),光致发光(PL)谱和吸收光谱对CdS量子点敏化ZnO薄膜形貌,结构和光学性能进行了研究.SEM图表明CdS量子点已成功沉积到ZnO薄膜上,量子点呈颗粒状,直径约71 nm.XRD结果显示,除观察到原有的ZnO特征峰外,在2θ=30.3°处有一明显的特征峰,对应着CdS的(111)晶面.PL谱图表明在325 nm的光激发下,CdS量子点敏化ZnO薄膜在400 nm处有一较强的紫外发射峰,在500～700 nm处有一个较宽的黄绿发射带.吸收光谱表明,CdS量子点敏化后ZnO薄膜在可见光区的吸收边为586 nm.     

Development of Pauling's concepts of geometric characteristics of atoms

The evolution of the geometric characteristics introduced by Pauling and their dependence on the specific features of the structure and chemical bonds have been considered. The values of the covalent and van der Waals radii are given as well as their relationships and mutual transitions.     

Relationship of Morphological Types of Dynamic Forms of Crystals

Crystallography Reports - The relationship of morphological spectra (sets of data on the morphological types of real polyhedral crystals and their probabilities under current physicochemical...     

A SAXS study of kinetics of aggregation of silica sols

SAXS in situ experiments on the evolution of TMOS solutions during hydrolysis and polycondensation lead to power laws with scaling exponents ≈ 2. It is suggested that this could be the result of the polydispersity of the samples and that only an apparent fractal dimension can be obtained in this way. Kinetic studies tend to indicate that agglomeration in the sol is the result of a diffusion-controlled process.     

Study of the possibility of interactive control of the surface profile of X-ray optical elements

We investigate the possibility of controlling the curvature parameters of parabolic mirrors that are modular elements of two types consisting of a base and thin inserts placed at the opposite side of the work surface. In the first type of modular elements, bending is controlled by the difference in the coefficients of the thermal expansion of the base and inserts. In the second type of elements, the profile is changed by the piezoelectric straining of the inserts under an electric field. A correlation is established between the parameters of modular elements and their surface curvature profile.     

A review of measurement of thermophysical properties of silicon melt

Measurements of thermophysical properties of Si melt and supplementary study of X-ray scattering/diffraction by the authors' group were reviewed. The values obtained differed variously from those of literature. Density was 2–3% larger, surface tension 20–30% smaller, viscosity up to 40% larger, electrical conductivity 8% smaller, spectral emissivity more or less in good agreement with literature values, and thermal diffusivity a few percent larger. An anomalous density jump was found near the melting point. Surface tension and viscosity also showed anomaly. A strange time-dependent change of density was observed over 3 h after melting. X-ray analyses suggested a slight change in local atom ordering, but showed no sign of cluster formation. An addition of 0.1 at% gallium caused the density jump to disappear, while that of boron caused no change. An EXAFS study of the former melt indicated a strong interaction between Ga and Si atoms as if molecules of GaSi₃ existed. The implications of the measured properties are a possibility of soft-turbulence in an Si melt in a relatively large crucible, a more complicated manner of intake of oxygen depleted molten Si from the free surface region to underneath the growing crystal, and a relaxation of the melt after melting arising from trapped gas species.     

Generation of crystal structures of heteromolecular compounds by the method of discrete modeling of packings

Within the method of discrete modeling of packings, an algorithm of generation of possible crystal structures of heteromolecular compounds containing two or three molecules in the primitive unit cell, one of which has an arbitrary shape and the other (two others) has a shape close to spherical, is proposed. On the basis of this algorithm, a software package for personal computers is developed. This package has been approved for a number of compounds, investigated previously by X-ray diffraction analysis. The results of generation of structures of five compounds—four organic salts (with one or two spherical anions) and one solvate—are represented.     

Mechanism of thermal expansion of structural modifications of zinc pyrovanadate

Crystal chemical characteristics of the α and β modifications of Zn₂V₂O₇ are calculated based on in situ high-temperature X-ray measurements. The expansion of the structure is found to be strongly anisotropic up to the negative volumetric thermal expansion of the α-Zn₂V₂O₇ unit cell in the temperature range of 300–600°С, α _V =–17.94 × 10^–6 1/K. The transformations of the “hard” and “soft” sublattices with an increase temperature and at the phase transition are considered in detail. It is shown that the negative volumetric thermal expansion of α-Zn₂V₂O₇ is due to the degeneracy of the zigzag-like shape of zinc–oxygen columns at constant distances between their vertices.     

Dependence of the parameters of equations of viscous flow on chemical composition of silicate melts

The temperature dependence of viscosity of silicate melts is discussed in the framework of the Avramov–Milchev (AM) equation. The composition is described by means of two parameters: the molar fraction, x, and the “lubricant fraction”, l. The molar fraction is the sum of the molar parts x_i of all oxides dissolved in SiO₂, the molar fraction of the latter being 1 ? x. It is shown that, with sufficient precision, two of the parameters of the AM equation can be presented as unique functions of the molar fraction. On the other hand, x is not sufficient to determine properly the reference temperature T_r , at which viscosity is η_r = 10¹³ [dPa.s]. Therefore, additional parameter, “lubricant fraction” l, is introduced. For each of the components, l_i is a product of molar part x_i and a specific dimensionless coefficient 0 ≤ k_i ≤ 1 accounting for the specific contribution of this component to the increased mobility of the system. It is demonstrated that, for l > 0, the reference temperature is related to the “lubricant fraction” l through the reference temperature T_r,SiO2 of pure SiO₂.     

Comparative analysis of two methods of calculation of the orientation of domain walls in ferroelastics

Two types of domain-wall equations are analyzed: the equations derived by the Sapriel method and the equations obtained by interface matching of the thermal-expansion tensor. It is shown that, for W-type domain walls, these methods yield the same equations. For W′-type domain walls, the equations obtained by different methods coincide for proper ferroelastics and differ for improper ferroelastics.     

Investigation of the Mechanism of Influence of Stress Corrosion on the Development of Macroplastic Instabilities of Aluminum–Magnesium Alloy

Crystallography Reports - Macroscopic jumps of plastic deformation (few percent in amplitude) on creep curves of aluminum–magnesium alloy, caused by a local effect of concentrated solution of...