基于声子晶体带隙特性的薄板减振设计

基于平面波展开法和薄板振动方程,计算了薄板型声子晶体的带隙和减振特性,通过与有限元软件的计算结果验证带隙计算的正确性,并进一步讨论了散射体几何形状及填充率、弹性模量比、密度比等对薄板型声子晶体带隙特性和减振的影响.结果表明正多边形散射体随边数的减小,第一带隙宽度逐渐增加,正方形散射体薄板减振效果明显.填充率对声子晶体带隙特性的影响不是线性的.随散射体基体弹性模量比数量级增大,第一带隙趋于低频,宽度降低.散射体基体弹性模量比较大时,密度比越大,第一带隙宽度越大,对应的薄板结构减振特性越好.     

不同材料构成声子晶体带隙特性研究

基于平面波展开法研究不同材料构成声子晶体带隙特性.数值模拟得到碳散射体与不同基体材料构成正方形声子晶体XY模式的能带结构,环氧树脂基体与不同散射体材料构成正方形声子晶体XY模式的能带结构,正方形和三角形结构声子晶体Z模式的能带结构.结果表明增加散射体与基体的密度比,更容易出现带隙,三角形结构相比正方形结构更易形成较宽带隙.研究结论为声子晶体器件制作提供理论依据.     

基于边界元法的非完好界面三角晶格声子晶体带隙计算

采用边界元法研究了具有非完好界面条件的二维三角晶格声子晶体的带隙特性.结合Bloch周期原理,针对二组元三角晶格固-固体系声子晶体推导了含非完好界面条件的边界元特征值方程.基于该方程,计算了含有不同截面散射体(圆形截面、椭圆截面、正方截面)的能带结构,讨论了晶格对称性对能带结构的影响;并且分析了圆形截面散射体填充比的变化对带隙位置及宽度的影响.通过与其它计算方法的结果比较,说明边界元法可以有效准确地计算具有不同界面条件和不同散射体形状的声子晶体的能带结构.而且,非完好界面条件的声子晶体可以在低频打开完全带隙,尤其圆形截面最为明显.     

薄板型声子晶体材料参数对弯曲振动带隙的影响

借助改进的平面波展开法,从薄板弯曲波的波动方程出发,分析了材料参数对正方晶格/正方散射体的薄板型声子晶体的第一个完全带隙和第一个Γ-X方向带隙的影响.结果表明,散射体和基体材料的杨氏模量比和质量密度比是影响薄板弯曲振动带隙的关键材料参数;弯曲振动的第一完全带隙和第一Γ-X方向带隙都在由杨氏模量比和质量密度比组成的空间内被分为两个区域,能带结构分别具有Bragg散射特征和局域共振特征.     

二维声子晶体振动带隙的最佳参数分析

基于平面波展开法研究二维声子晶体振动带隙的最佳参数特性,数值计算基体为硅橡胶散射体为铝时正方格子和三角格子二维声子晶体的XY模式和Z模式的带隙特性,得到三角格子声子晶体更易形成较宽振动带隙.改变散射体材料特性,模拟得到散射体密度大的材料能够形成较宽带隙.研究结论对于声子晶体应用制作提供理论参考.     

二维固-液声子晶体带隙特性的实验仿真

声子晶体的带隙特性受不同材料构成和填充率等条件的影响.本文基于时域有限差分法,实验仿真对比固-液、固-气和固-固二维声子晶体带隙特性,得出不同固体材料与水构成二维正方晶格圆柱声子晶体带隙特性,分析了填充率对钨-水结构声子晶体带隙特性的影响.研究结论对固-液声子晶体器件的制作提供参考.     

新型多重谐振结构声子晶体带隙特性研究

本文设计了一种新型的多重谐振声子晶体结构,建立了带隙上下界频率振动模态的等效模型,通过有限元方法分析了该结构的带隙产生机理以及影响带隙宽度的因素,并对模型的合理有效性进行了验证.结果表明:该结构属于局域共振型声子晶体,能够在中低频段内获得两个带隙,并且内层散射体质量决定第一带隙起始频率,外层散射体质量决定第二带隙的截止频率.通过对散射体质量,填充率,包覆层弹性模量的优化,可以对其带隙上下界频率进行调控.研究结果为声子晶体的结构设计提供了参考.     

二维正方晶格钨-硅橡胶声子晶体的带隙特性研究

本文利用平面波展开法和有限元法计算了二维正方晶格钨-硅橡胶声子晶体的能带结构,分析了弹性波在嵌有周期性排列的相同孔径的圆柱形钨块声子晶体结构中的传播特性.对能带结构中出现的特殊现象,例如狄拉克点以及狄拉克点附近的简并态等进行了分析.给出了三维能带图以及不同模式下的主要变形情况,发现在基体与散射体结合的部位容易出现应力集中的现象.同时讨论了复合材料的不同参数对带隙的影响,发现随着密度比(散射体密度与基体密度的比值)的增大,第一完全带隙的起始频率逐渐增加,但是截止频率变化较小,带宽逐渐减小.相对于杨氏模量比,密度比对带隙的影响更大.本文的结果将对实际的工程应用提供一定的理论指导.     

基于磁流变弹性体的声子晶体带隙隔振研究

设计了一种基于磁流变弹性体的二维声子晶体隔振器,可用于中高频的机械设备隔振,并对其带隙特性进行分析.以圆柱形铅散射体按正方晶格排列在基体磁流变弹性体当中的二维声子晶体为模型,采用典型的平面波展开法和有限元法研究其能带结构和透射特性,分别计算了不同磁场和不同铁颗粒体积分数情况下声子晶体的带隙,并对禁带范围内的某一频率的位移场进行分析.结果表明:两种方法所计算的带隙结果吻合较好,最大误差为4.9;;铁颗粒体积分数保持不变,增大磁感应强度可以同时增加带隙的位置和宽度;一定的磁场环境下,增加铁颗粒体积分数,带隙位置上移,宽度基本不变;某一频率处,声子晶体的内部波场存在着共振现象.     

二维类正方阿基米德格子声子晶体弹性剪切波能带结构研究

利用平面波展开法研究了二维类正方阿基米德格子(ladybug和bathroom)铝/环氧树脂声子晶体弹性剪切波能带结构.与正方晶格相比,ladybug和bathroom格子都存在高频带隙,而且bathroom格子带隙较宽;ladybug格子有两个各向同性带隙;在相同r0/a(散射体半径与其相邻中心距离比)情况下,分析了ladybug、bathroom格子和正方晶格声子晶体r0/a的变化对带隙相对宽度的影响, 表明类正方阿基米德格子比正方晶格更容易获得带隙.     

Science for the small and the tall,the young and the old

Public engagement becomes increasingly important for scientists. One reason is the demand of the taxpayer to know what her or his money is being spent on, and why. The other one is that in a world that increasingly relies on technology, student engagement even at a very young age becomes a target to assure the needed supply of well-educated and especially motivated scientists for the decades to come. And it falls on the older generation of current researchers to leave the comfort of their lab once in a while, to awaken the interest for science among the population. Many people may know that there is a ‘liquid crystal’ in their mobile (cell) phone display, but when prompted, no one really knows what that liquid crystal actually is, let alone how the display they use many times every day, actually works in principle. It is part of our job to change this. In this contribution Valentina Domenici and Ingo Dierking would like to report on two recent Science Festival events in which they took part, one held in Genoa, Italy, and the other in Manchester, UK.     

On the role of the porous shell of the solid core of the earth in the anomalous heat and mass flow to the mantle

The model of the pressure-induced first-order phase transition of a metal melt to the metallicglass state considers a thermodynamically nonequilibrium porous near-surface shell of the solid core of the Earth, which contacts cyclonic vortices in the liquid core. Anomalous flows of heat and light-material mass to the mantle from the solid core at these contact points are calculated. These anomalous flows are shown to be comparable with the observed ones under the assumption of a rapid increase in the melt viscosity at pressures of 1–10 Mbar, which is characteristic of a solid core. In this case, the porous layer permeability may be very low.     

On the dependence of the surface tension at the crystal-melt interface on the impurity concentration

The stationary task of impurity diffusion in a melt has been solved within a two-dimensional crystallization model in a second-order approximation with respect to the amplitude of deviation from a smooth crystallization front. The dependence of the surface tension Γ at the interface on the impurity concentration C is taken into account in the form Γ = Γ₀ + ζ _d C, where Γ₀ and ζ _d are constants. The variational method is used to obtain the condition for the transition from a smooth crystallization front to a cellular one. It is shown that calculated cell sizes are in agreement with the experimental data in the literature only when the parameter ζ _d ≠ 0. For binary systems with distribution coefficients k < 1 and k > 1, ζ _d should be positive and negative, respectively.

     

On the inhomogeneity of the transition surface layer of the solid core of the earth

Different geophysical data and conclusions of theoretical models, which can give information about the behavior of the solid and liquid cores of the Earth as well as about the existence of a transition layer as a temperature-hysteresis region at a relatively weak first-order phase transition, are compared. It is concluded that liquid inclusions inevitably exist in this region; these inclusions are involved (due to the complex convective processes occurring in the liquid core) in the transport of light materials from some areas of the solid-core surface. The porosity and permeability of the transition layer determine the seismic acoustic inhomogeneities in these areas, which contact the convective flows in the liquid core. In particular, this explains the well-known ??east-west?? effect. Obviously, the model of the crystalline core is not the only possible alternative for a model of a core with a metallic glasslike structure.     

On the entropy difference between the vitreous and the crystalline state

The paper deals with the entropy difference between frozen-in phases and their equilibrium counterparts. First, the nature of data compiled in thermochemical data collections are briefly reviewed, comprising data for non-equilibrium phases. Then, experimental evidence from earlier literature is compiled showing that the conventional entropy of a frozen-in phase at zero Kelvin assumes a non-zero residual value S(0). Based on calorimetric data from multiple sources, the same evidence is elaborated for diopside glass, yielding S_glass(0) = 24.8 ± 3 J/(mol K), a value reproducing a result publishes earlier. The zero Kelvin enthalpy of this glass is H_glass(0) = 81±8 kJ/mol. For S_glass(0), a structural interpretation in terms of silicate chain mixing is proposed, yielding a lower threshold for S_glass(0). From the point of view of statistical mechanics, non-zero residual entropies of frozen-in phases can be derived from ensemble averages, however, not from time averages.     

Investigations of the Chemical Composition of the Metal Finds from the Levadki Necropolis

Crystallography Reports - Copper-based alloy items of the III century A.D., found in Burial no. 182 of the Late-Scythian Levadki necropolis in the submountain Crimea, have been investigated. The...     

二价阳离子掺入KDP晶体能力的研究

本文旨在寻找影响杂质阳离子进入KDP晶体能力的因素,我们使用分析纯的KH2PO4和超纯水(电阻率≥18.2MΩ·cm)为原料,分别加入BaCl2·2H2O,CuCl2·2H2O和MgCl2·6H2O,通过降温方式快速生长出KDP晶体.结果表明,cu2+及Mg2+在晶体中的含量基本保持不变,不随其在生长溶液中量的增大而增大,cu2+在晶体中的含量大于Mg2+在晶体中的含量;不同的是,Ba2+在晶体中的含量随着其在生长溶液中量增大而增大.从实验结果我们推断出离子半径和离子水合热是影响二价杂质阳离子在水溶液晶体生长过程中进入KDP晶体能力的重要因素.