Sb掺杂K0.5Na0.5NbO3无铅压电陶瓷相结构和电学性能的研究

采用传统固相烧结法,在1060 ℃制备(K0.5Na0.5)Nb1-xSbxO3(KNNS,x=0、0.01、0.02、0.03和0.04)无铅压电陶瓷,研究了Sb掺杂对KNN陶瓷物相结构、微观形貌和电学性能的影响.研究结果表明:Sb可以取代钙钛矿结构中B位的Nb位置,Sb取代Nb的最大量为0.03≤x≤0.04,当x=0.04时产生杂相;通过XRD图谱分析表明,x=0时陶瓷为单一的正交相结构,0.02≤x≤0.03时为正交-四方相共存,x=0.04时转变为三方相结构.Sb的掺杂具有细化晶粒的作用,随着Sb含量的增加,晶粒平均尺寸减小,晶粒大小变得均匀,介电性能增强.     

Y_2O_3掺杂对(Ba_(0.85)Ca_(0.15))Zr_(0.1)Ti_(0.896)Sm_(0.004)O_3无铅压电陶瓷介电弛豫与电性能的影响

采用固相法制备了(Ba0.85Ca0.15)1-xYxZr0.1Ti0.896Sm0.004O3(BCZTS-Yx)无铅压电陶瓷.研究了Y2O3含量对BCZTS-Yx无铅压电陶瓷相结构、压电与介电性能的影响.结果表明:Y3+作为施主掺杂物占据A位。当0.004≤x≤0.006时,陶瓷存在三方相与四方相共存的准同型相界结构。当x=0.006时,陶瓷具有最佳的电性能,分别为d33=384 pC/N,kp=37.2%,εr~6775,tanδ~2.04%.利用Curie-Weiss定律对该实验结果进行拟合,发现x为0.006的样品的介电弛豫特征更为明显。     

溶胶-凝胶法制备Na0.5Bi0.5TiO3-K0.5Bi0.5TiO3体系无铅压电陶瓷的研究

采用溶胶-凝胶法制备(1-x)Na0.5Bi0.5 TiO3-xK0.5Bi0.5TiO3体系无铅压电陶瓷.XRD分析表明,用溶胶-凝胶法可以在650℃下合成具有钙钛矿结构的(1-x)Na0.5Bi0.5TiO3-xK0.5Bi0.5TiO3粉体,且在x=0.18～0.30之间存在三方-四方准同型相界(MPB).陶瓷的压电性能参数表明,该体系在MPB组成范围内具有最佳的压电性能:x=0.30时,压电常数d33达到最大值(d33=150 Pc·N-1),平面机电耦合系数kp与介电常数εH33T/ε0均在x=0.26时达到最大值,分别为36.7%和1107.     

(Sr_(0.7)Bi_(0.2))TiO_3取代BNT基无铅陶瓷的相变及储能特性

采用弛豫铁电体(Sr_(0.7)Bi_(0.2))TiO_3与铁电体(Bi_(0.5)Na_(0.5))TiO_3构建了的新型二元系BNT基无铅陶瓷材料:(1-x)(Bi_(0.5)Na_(0.5))TiO_3-x(Sr_(0.7)Bi_(0.2))TiO_3(记为BNT-xSBT,x=10mol%、20mol%、30mol%和40mol%)。通过传统固相法进行制备,研究了(Sr_(0.7)Bi_(0.2))TiO_3取代对其结构、相变、铁电性能和储能特性的影响。结果表明,室温所测BNTxSBT陶瓷为准立方结构;介温和铁电性则证实其为极性三方和非极性四方共存相结构。A位复合占位的BNTxSBT陶瓷是典型的弛豫铁电体,其T_m随x的增大而减小。低温(T_d)处的介电反常源于结构(三方和四方)起伏所引起的缓慢转变过程。(Sr_(0.7)Bi_(0.2))TiO_3取代量增大时,其Td降低,四方相增多,并伴随非极性微区增长;并导致BNT-xSBT陶瓷的铁电性减弱和电滞回线变形。x=30mol%时,BNT-xSBT陶瓷具有大的P_(max)=26.8μC/cm~2、小的Pr=1.4μC/cm~2,和较好的储能特性:W=0.74 J/cm~3,η=68.5%(@70 kV/cm)。     

四方相区NBT-KBT无铅铁电介电弛豫与铁电相变研究

本文研究了具有四方结构的(Na1-xKx)0.5B i0.5TiO3体系中x=0.22,0.26和0.30陶瓷材料不同温度下的电滞回线,结合变温XRD和介电温谱分析,发现该体系四方结构的组成为反铁电体,但紧靠准同型相界的四方结构由于场诱导下引起的反铁电-铁电相变,表现出铁电体特性,材料在升温过程中由于反铁电宏畴向微畴的转变导致了介电峰的产生,且在介电温谱上表现出强烈的介电常数-频率依赖性,为弛豫铁电体特征。     

Sb掺杂对0.96(K_(0.49)Na_(0.51))(Nb_(0.97-x)Ta_(0.03)Sb_x)O_3-0.04Bi_(0.5)(Na_(0.8)K_(0.2))_(0.5)ZrO_3无铅压电陶瓷结构与电性能的影响研究

采用固相法制备了0.96(K_(0.49)Na_(0.51))(Nb_(0.97-x)Ta_(0.03)Sb_x)O_3-0.04Bi_(0.5)(Na_(0.8)K_(0.2))_(0.5)ZrO_3(0.96KNNTS_x-0.04BNKZ x=0,0.01,0.02,0.03,0.04)无铅压电陶瓷,研究了Sb掺杂量对0.96KNNTS_x-0.04BNKZ陶瓷相结构、微观结构和电性能的影响规律。X射线衍射(X-ray Diffraction,XRD)分析结果表明:0.96KNNTS_x-0.04BNKZ陶瓷具有纯钙钛矿结构,随着Sb掺杂量x的增加,陶瓷由正交-四方两相共存逐渐转变为四方相,在x≤0.01时,陶瓷为正交-四方两相共存的多型相转变(Polymorphic Phase Transition,PPT)结构,而当x≥0.02时,陶瓷则转变为四方相结构。在PPT向四方相转变的组成边界x=0.02处,陶瓷具有优异的电性能:压电常数d_(33)=345 pC/N,机电耦合系数k_p=39.2%,机械品质因数Q_m=51,介电常数ε_(33)~T/ε_0=1520,介电损耗tanδ=2.7%,剩余极化强度P_r=15.4μC/cm~2,矫顽场E_c=1.09 kV/mm,居里温度T_c=275℃。     

Sb5+取代BNT基弛豫铁电体的性能研究

利用传统固相法制备了0.6[(1-x)(Bi0.5Na0.5) TiO3-xNaSbO3]-0.4(Sr0.7 Bi0.2)TiO3陶瓷材料(缩写为BNT-NSO-SBT-x),其中x=0.04 mol,0.06 mol,0.08 mol和0.1 mol.研究了引入第三组元NaSbO3后对BNT-NSO-SBT-x陶瓷相结构、介电和铁电性能以及储能特性的影响.Sb5+对相结构并未造成显著影响,BNT-NSO-SBT-x陶瓷在室温具有三方和四方共存相.BNT-NSO-SBT-x陶瓷为呈现典型弥散特征的弛豫铁电体(γ～2),这源于A、B位离子复合占位而引起的成分不均一,以及三方和四方PNRs共存造成的结构不均一.Sb5+取代量增大时,Tp和Tm逐渐靠近;由于Tp(＜80℃)靠近室温,引起弱极性四方相PNRs增多,使得陶瓷的铁电性能恶化,但却有利于提高储能特性.x=0.06时BNT-NSO-SBT-x陶瓷的储能较优,W1=0.227 J/cm3,η=76.2;(E=40 kV/cm,f=10 Hz).     

(Na1/2Bi1/2)TiO3-(Na1/2Bi1/2)(Zn1/3Nb2/3)O3无铅压电陶瓷的介电特性研究

采用固相合成法制备了(1-x)(Na1/2Bi1/2)TiO3-x(Na1/2Bi1/2)(Zn/23Nb2/3)O3(简写为(1-x)NBT-xNBZN)无铅压电陶瓷.研究了该体系陶瓷晶体结构、弥散相变特征与介电弛豫行为.X射线衍射分析表明,所研究的组成均能够形成纯钙钛矿(ABO3)型固溶体.当x≥0.5%摩尔分数时,该体系陶瓷具有三方、四方共存的晶体结构.材料的介电常数-温度曲线显示陶瓷具有两个介电反常峰Tf和Tm.修正的居里-外斯公式较好的描述了陶瓷弥散相变特征,弥散指数随x的增加而增加.x≤0.5%摩尔分数的陶瓷仅在低温介电反常峰Tf附近表现出明显的频率依赖性,随x的增加,陶瓷材料在室温和低温介电反常峰Tf之间都表现出明显的频率依赖性.根据有序-无序转变和宏畴.微畴转变理论探讨了该体系陶瓷介电弛豫特性的机理.     

Sr和Nb复合掺杂Bi4Ti3O12基高温压电陶瓷的研究

采用传统固相法制备了Bi4Ti3O12 +0-91wt％Nb2O5+xwt％ SrCO3(BTNO-Sr,0.00≤x≤1.50)层状压电陶瓷,研究了Sr掺杂对BTNO系陶瓷微观结构与电性能的影响.结果表明所有样品均为单一的铋层状结构相陶瓷.适量引入Sr能使BTNO系陶瓷的晶粒尺寸细化与均一,表现出介电弥散性,并改善其压电、机电和铁电性能.当x=0.50时,样品性能最佳:相对密度p=98.8％,压电常数d33=22 pC/N,平面机电耦合系数kp=9.5％,机械品质因子Qm =4462,剩余极化强度Pr=13.01μC/cm2,居里温度Tc=620℃.此外,介电性能和热稳定性能研究显示材料x=0.50具有好的压电稳定性,适合于制备高温高频压电器件.     

Bi(Zn_(0.5)Ti_(0.5))O_3对Bi_(0.5)Na_(0.5)TiO_3基陶瓷相结构及弛豫性的影响

采用固相反应合成法制备了(1-x)(0.96 Bi0.5Na0.5TiO3-0.04 BaTiO3)-xBi(Zn0.5Ti0.5)O3陶瓷(x≤0.10)。通过X射线衍射,介电温度谱等对该体系陶瓷的相结构及弛豫特性进行了研究。结果发现,该陶瓷在Bi(Zn0.5Ti0.5)O3加入量低于0.05时呈现纯钙钛矿结构。此外,随着Bi(Zn0.5Ti0.5)O3加入量的增加,其相结构由三方-四方共存向赝立方结构转变;同时,陶瓷的弥散因子上升,偶极子取向冻结活化能下降,表明BZT的加入明显地增加了0.96Bi0.5Na0.5TiO3-0.04 BaTiO3陶瓷的弛豫性。     

CsI-LiCl共晶材料的坩埚下降法生长与闪烁性能研究

本文采用坩埚下降法,在真空密封的石英坩埚中成功生长出CsI-LiCl与CsI-LiCl:Na共晶闪烁体。通过扫描电子显微镜(SEM)观察晶体微结构表明该共晶中LiCl相与CsI相存在周期性的层状排列,CsI相的厚度在5 μm左右。共晶样品的X射线激发发射谱显示在CsI-LiCl和CsI-LiCl:Na共晶样品存在缺陷发光,在CsI-LiCl样品中还观察到了纯CsI的自陷激子(STE)发光。CsI-LiCl样品在α粒子激发下的多道能谱中观察到明显的全能峰,这一结果证明CsI-LiCl共晶可用于热中子探测的潜力。     

静电纺丝法制备CeO2微纳米纤维及其除氟性能

以聚丙烯腈(PAN)为载体,六水合硝酸铈[Ce(NO₃)₃·6H₂O]为原料,采用静电纺丝法制备了Ce(NO₃)₃/PAN纤维,在空气中热处理得到CeO₂微纳米纤维,通过XRD、BET和SEM对CeO₂微纳米纤维进行表征。采用静态吸附实验探讨了CeO₂微纳米纤维去除水溶液中氟离子的性能,考察了溶液pH值、初始氟离子浓度及共存阴离子等对吸附性能的影响。结果表明,pH=3时,CeO₂微纳米纤维对F^-的吸附性能最佳,CeO₂吸附量随着F^-浓度的增大呈上升趋势。CeO₂微纳米纤维对F^-的吸附等温线遵循Langmuir模型,二级动力学模型能很好地描述CeO₂微纳米纤维对F^-的吸附过程。CeO₂微纳米纤维的除氟性能优良,可为其实际应用提供理论参考。     

Photoluminescence characteristics of Mg- and Si-doped GaN thin films grown by MOCVD technique

We have studied the optical, structural and surface morphology of doped and undoped GaN thin films. The p- and n-type thin films have been successfully prepared by low-pressure MOCVD technique by doping with Mg and Si, respectively. The different carrier concentrations were obtained in the GaN thin films by varying dopant concentrations. Photoluminescence (PL) studies were carried to find the defect levels in the doped and undoped GaN thin films at low temperature. In the undoped GaN thin films, a low intensity and broad yellow band peak was observed. The donor–acceptor pair (DAP) emission and its phonon replicas were observed in both the Si or Mg lightly doped GaN thin films. The dominance of the blue and the yellow emissions increased in the PL spectra, as the carrier concentration was increased. The XRD and SEM analyses were employed to study the structural and surface morphology of the films, respectively. Both the doped and the undoped films exhibited hexagonal structure and polycrystalline nature. Mg-doped GaN thin films showed columnar structure whereas Si-doped films exhibited spherical shape grains.     

X-ray analysis of sideroxol from <Emphasis Type="Italic">Sideritis leptoclada</Emphasis>

Sideroxol (1), a kaurane diterpene which has the ent-7α,18-dihydroxy-15β,16β-epoxykaurane structure (MW = 320.47, C₂₀H₃₂O₃) was obtained from the acetone extract of Sideritis leptoclada plant as well as from some other Sideritis species. It crystallizes in the orthorhombic space group P2₁, 2₁, 2₁ with a = 10.967(3), b = 24.555(5), c = 6.372(4) Å, Dc = 1.240 g cm⁻³, Z = 4, and refines to R = 0.065 for 721 independent reflections. The skeleton consists of three fused six-membered rings and a five-membered ring with fused epoxide. The six membered rings exhibited slightly distorted chair conformation. In addition to sideroxol, two kaurane and five kaurene diterpenes were isolated from the hexane and acetone extracts of the studied plant.     

Selinidin: Crystal structure generated by C–H···O, C–H···π and π-π interactions

The title compound, 9,10-dihydro-8,8-dimethyl-2-oxo-2H,8H-benzo[1,2-b:3,4-b']dipyran-9-yl-2-methyl-2-butenoate, C₁₉H₂₀O₅, was isolated from the roots of Selinum vaginatum. The compound crystallizes into monoclinic space group P2 ₁ with unit cell parameters: a = 12.830(2) Å, b = 9.041(1) Å, c = 14.983(1) Å, β = 95.09(1)°, Z = 4. The crystal structure has been determined using direct methods and refined by full-matrix least-squares to a final R value of 0.0529 for 3142 observed reflections. There are two independent molecules, A and B, per asymmetric unit. In both the molecules, the coumarin nucleus is planar. However pronounced differences are observed in the conformation of dihydropyran ring which has a half-chair conformation with an 8β-9α orientation in molecule A and is intermediate between half-chair and sofa in molecule B. Differences also occur in the conformation of the 2-methylbutenoyloxy side chain at C9 due to the different geometry of C–H···π interactions in molecules A and B. Molecules A and B are connected by π–π interactions between their coumarin fragments forming dimers. The dimers interact through C–H···O and C–H···πhydrogen bonds.     

Solubility of Ag2O into the Na2O–B2O3–Al2O3 system

The solubility of Ag₂O was measured for the Na₂O–B₂O₃ and Na₂O–B₂O₃–Al₂O₃ system with the rotating crucible method and static method, respectively, under air atmosphere at temperatures ranging from 1273 to 1423 K. The contamination of melts from crucibles could be avoided by the rotating crucible method, with which it became possible to measure the solubility of Ag₂O for the Na₂O–B₂O₃ system above the melting point of Ag for the first time. It was found that the addition of Na₂O decreases the solubility of Ag₂O while the addition of Al₂O₃ had little effect on the solubility. The effect of Na₂O and Al₂O₃ on the solubility of Ag₂O is expressed by interaction coefficients and is analyzed in terms of the basicity of melts. The solubility of Ag₂O in Na₂O–B₂O₃–Al₂O₃ melts increased with increased temperature. This phenomena was explained by a small enthalpy change in oxidation of silver.     

Chromene and Imidazole Based D-π-A Chemosensor Preparation and Its Anion Responsive Effects

We have designed and synthesized the colorimetric chemosensor through the reactions of 2-(4H-chromen-4-yildene)malonitrile and 4-imidazolecarboxaldehyde. Due to its well conjugated D-π-A system and the existence of NH- fragment in structure, we expected that the chemosensor can detect anion using NH- fragment in the imidazole moiety of the structure. In this regard, UV-Vis absorption spectra were measured to investigate sensing properties of the probe toward different anions in DMSO. This chemosensor can detect both fluoride and cyanide ion with absorption change in intensity. In addition, pH sensing property was also investigated upon the addition of hydroxide ion. These properties are related to the deprotonation effect. The ICT system in this molecule was also observed by the computational approach using Material Studio 4.3 package.     

电子显微分析在表征纳米晶体化学组分中的应用

纳米材料的化学组分及含量影响其光、电、声、热、磁等物理性能,电子显微分析是表征纳米晶体化学组分的重要方法之一。本文综述了X-射线能谱(EDS)、X-射线波谱(WDS)、电子能量损失谱(EELS)和选区电子衍射(SAED)等现代电子显微分析技术在表征纳米晶体化学组分、形貌、尺寸和结构等方面的应用及其研究进展,并比较了这些分析方法存在的差异,提出了其应用中存在的不足及今后的研发方向。     

4- and 5-nitroindane

Mononitration of indane produces a mixture of 4- and 5- nitroindanes. Crystallization from mixtures occurs after distillation improves composition of a major component to above 80%. 4-Nitroindane: triclinic, space group (#2),a=7.332(4) Å,b=8.304(4) Å,c=8.358(4) Å, =61.43(4)°, =67.60(4)°, =70.15(4)°,V=405.4(4) ų,Z=2. Non-H-atoms are nearly planar, aliphatic H's are eclipsed. 5-Nitroindane: monoclinic, space groupP2₁/c (#14),a=10.946(8) Å,b=15.643(10) Å,c=9.415(6) Å, =92.34(5)°,V=1611(2) ų,Z=8. Non-H-atoms in the two molecules differ in torsion of the nitro group with respect to indane and fold of the nonbenzylic methylene group. Semiempirical calculations (PM3) suggest that distorsion from planarity may be associated with the two lowest energy vibrational modes. Uv, ir, ms, proton, and¹³C-nmr spectra are correlated with the solid state structures.     

Considerations on the structure and physical properties of B2O3-SiO2 and GeO2-SiO2 glasses

Data of density, refractive index and thermal expansion coefficient for B₂O₃-SiO₂ and GeO_2-SiO₂ glasses have been analyzed. The volumes of the structural units are the same found for the vitreous B₂O₃, GeO₂ and SiO₂. The volume of any structural unit is constant over the entire composition region of the glass system. The same has been found for the differential refraction and unit refraction of the structural units in these glasses. Different features are observed for the differential expansion of the structural units. There is a considerable change with composition in the differential expansion of BO₃, GeO₄ and SiO₄ units. The effect is attributed to a change in the asymmetry of vibrations with the number of Si-O-B or Si-O-Ge linkages in the matrix. The thermal expansion coefficient is mainly determined by the contribution of B₂O₃ or GeO₂ in the concerned glasses.