高居里点(1-x)Ba_(0.998)La_(0.002)TiO_3+xBi_4Ti_3O_(12)系统陶瓷微观结构及温度特性的研究

采用传统陶瓷制备工艺制备(1-x)Ba_(0.998)La_(0.002)TiO_3+ xBi_4Ti_3O_(12) (0≤x≤0.01)系统陶瓷.对在还原气氛(氮气)中烧成的陶瓷样品在一定温度下进行再氧化处理.研究了不同Bi_4Ti_3O_(12)掺杂浓度以及再氧化过程对BaTiO_3微观结构、介电性能及居里温度Tc的影响.结果表明:掺杂Bi_4Ti_3O_(12)后,BaTiO_3陶瓷的晶粒尺寸明显减小;Bi_4Ti_3O_(12)具有提高陶瓷居里点温度的作用,当x=1.0时,居里温度提高到T_c=150 ℃.随着BIT加入量的增加,电子与缺位混合补偿,晶格中将产生金属离子缺位,以补偿多余电子,因此随着BIT掺入量的增加,电阻率逐渐增大.     

Nd∶Lu2O3纳米陶瓷的制备和EXAFS研究

通过氨水加碳酸氢铵复合沉淀剂合成了Nd3+掺杂的氧化镥纳米晶粉体。经马弗炉900℃煅烧2 h,获得了分散性好、晶粒尺寸约为40 nm的高质量的Nd∶Lu2O3纳米晶粉体。采用无压流动H2气氛对所得素坯进行两步烧结致密化(T1=1720℃,T2=1620℃)获得了半透明的纳米Lu2O3陶瓷。荧光光谱表明在808 nm波长激发下,纳米陶瓷发光强度明显超过微米级陶瓷。同步辐射研究表明,随着晶粒尺寸减小,纳米陶瓷中Nd原子的局域环境混乱度增大,无序度相对变大。在Nd掺杂浓度相同情况下,对同一光子能量的X射线吸收系数纳米陶瓷小于微米级陶瓷。     

(1-x)Ba_(0.998)La_(0.002)TiO_3+xBi_4Ti_3O_(12)陶瓷电性能的研究

采用固相法制备了(1-x)Ba0.998La0.002TiO3+xBi4Ti3O12(0≤x≤0.03)陶瓷,研究了Bi4Ti3O12掺杂量以及烧结气氛对Ba0.998La0.002TiO3陶瓷显微结构、居里温度Tc及介电性能的影响。结果表明:Bi4Ti3O12在Ba0.998La0.002TiO3陶瓷中的掺杂抑制了陶瓷晶粒的生长,使居里温度提高到约150℃。在空气中烧结的陶瓷的介电常数随Bi4Ti3O12掺杂量的增加先减小后增大,当Bi4Ti3O12掺杂量为1.5 mol%时,陶瓷的介电常数最小(还原再氧化陶瓷的介电常数为6.0×103,空气中烧成的陶瓷的介电常数为9.0×102)。     

硫铁矿烧渣制备导电陶瓷的工艺研究

采用全铁含量21.89;,Fe2O3含量29.80;的硫铁矿烧渣,在高温还原气氛下以少量还原剂还原,制备了电阻率较低的高强导电陶瓷.研究了烧结温度、保温时间、矿化剂种类及掺杂量对导电陶瓷强度及电阻率的影响.结果表明:导电陶瓷的强度随烧结温度的升高而增加,保温时间的延长而降低,矿化剂掺杂量的增加而增加;而电阻率的变化趋势正好与强度变化相反.当还原剂与硫铁矿烧渣比值为0.1,1400℃保温60 min,萤石掺杂量5.4;,导电陶瓷电阻率达到58 Ω·cm,强度87 MPa;而当Na2O掺杂量达到4;,电阻率为88 Ω·cm,强度为84MPa.     

钛酸钡陶瓷制备及介电性能研究

采用钛酸四丁酯和硝酸钡为主要原料的微波辅助草酸盐沉淀法,在最佳的工艺参数下合成晶粒尺寸约为30～ 50 nm的钛酸钡粉末.再通过对纳米粉体造粒、成型、排胶和烧结等工艺处理制备钛酸钡陶瓷.研究陶瓷的最佳烧结温度与烧结时间,并且讨论其对介电性能的影响规律.利用透射电子显微镜分析粉体的形貌,XRD和扫描电子显微镜分别分析陶瓷的物相和断面形貌.结果表明,利用微波辅助草酸盐沉淀法合成的粉体制备陶瓷的烧结温度为1270℃,烧结时间为3h.并且其介电常数在室温下可达到2397.6.     

液相Y、Nb共掺杂BaTiO3基PTC陶瓷的制备与性能

本文以Ba(OH)2·8H2O、Sr(OH)2·8H2O、TiCl4、NbCl5、YCl3和Mn(Ac)2为原料,采用室温研磨、低温固态反应合成了一系列的纳米钛酸钡基PTCR陶瓷粉,首先实现了Y和Nb双施主以离子的形式共掺杂.采用XRD,TEM对样品进行了表征.研究表明,产品为立方晶系的完全互溶取代固溶体.粒子基本成球形,分布均匀,粒径大约60nm.通过优化Y和Nb的掺杂量,使材料的室温电阻得到了进一步降低,并提高了材料的升阻比.当Y、Nb和Mn的用量分别为0.2 mol;、0.18 mol;和0.04 mol;时,加入定量的AST烧结助剂,控制最高烧结温度为1310℃,制备出了室温电阻17.6 Ω,正温度系数为18.6;/℃,升阻比为6.5 ×104的性能优异的PTCR电阻材料.另外还就烧结条件对材料PTC性能的影响进行了讨论.     

Ca1-xYxBi4Ti4O15铁电材料的结构和电性能研究

采用传统的固相反应法制备铋层结构铁电陶瓷材料Ca1-xYxBi4Ti4O15+x/2(x=0～0.1)(简称CYBT),研究了钇离子掺杂对CYBT陶瓷的烧结、晶相组成、显微形貌及电性能的影响.Y3+的A位取代,可以改善CYBT陶瓷的烧结性能,提高体积密度和瓷体致密度.Y3+的引入促进晶粒沿c轴方向生长,晶粒各向异性减小,室温介电常数增加.Y掺杂后离子半径差别和A空位浓度增加所产生的晶格畸变,使陶瓷的居里温度显著升高,当掺杂量x=0.10时,Tc升高了约80℃.Y掺杂显著降低了高温损耗,掺杂量x =0.075的样品表现出最好的压电性能,压电常数d33为15 pC/N.     

WO3掺杂对BST微波介质陶瓷性能的影响

采用固相反应法,研究了WO3掺杂对Ba4Sm9.33Ti18O54(简称BST)微波介质陶瓷相组成、显微结构、烧结性能与介电性能的影响.结果表明:适量添加WO3能通过不等价离子取代Ti位,产生晶格缺陷,促进离子扩散,不仅能有效降低BST陶瓷的烧结温度至1280 ℃,而且能减少氧空位的产生,降低介电损耗.同时适量WO3时有新相BaWO4生成,它的出现也有利于改善其介电性能.添加0.25wt; WO3的BST陶瓷在1280 ℃烧结3 h时取得最佳介电性能:εr=80.4,Q·f=11740.85 GHz,Υf=-23.3×10-6/℃.     

BaTiO3-Nb2O5-Fe2O3陶瓷介电性能的研究

利用传统方法制备了BaTiO3-Nb2O5-Fe2O3(BTNF)陶瓷,采用X射线衍射仪、电容测试仪、电滞回线测量仪等测试手段研究了不同添加剂(Fe2O3、Co2O3、Nb2O5)对陶瓷晶体结构、介电性能及铁电性的影响.结果表明:Nb2O5是施主掺杂,易引起晶格畸变,使四方率增大;而Fe2O3为受主掺杂,其可提高氧空位浓度,促进BaTiO3陶瓷晶粒生长.同时掺杂Fe2O3、Nb2O5时,可以相互补偿.当Fe2O3浓度约为0.15;摩尔分数,Nb2O5浓度为0.79;摩尔分数时,陶瓷的介电常数达到4443,温度特性≤±10;,可以满足Y5P瓷料的要求.     

锆钛酸钡钙压电陶瓷的晶粒尺寸效应研究进展

锆钛酸钡钙无铅压电陶瓷具有可与锆钛酸铅媲美的压电性能,受到国内外广泛关注.晶粒尺寸是影响锆钛酸钡钙陶瓷电性能的重要因素,其晶粒尺寸效应已成为研究的热点.为此,综述了粉体制备方法、烧结方法、烧结温度和保温时间对锆钛酸钡钙陶瓷的晶粒尺寸及其电性能的影响,并提出了研究中亟待解决的问题.     

CsI-LiCl共晶材料的坩埚下降法生长与闪烁性能研究

本文采用坩埚下降法,在真空密封的石英坩埚中成功生长出CsI-LiCl与CsI-LiCl:Na共晶闪烁体。通过扫描电子显微镜(SEM)观察晶体微结构表明该共晶中LiCl相与CsI相存在周期性的层状排列,CsI相的厚度在5 μm左右。共晶样品的X射线激发发射谱显示在CsI-LiCl和CsI-LiCl:Na共晶样品存在缺陷发光,在CsI-LiCl样品中还观察到了纯CsI的自陷激子(STE)发光。CsI-LiCl样品在α粒子激发下的多道能谱中观察到明显的全能峰,这一结果证明CsI-LiCl共晶可用于热中子探测的潜力。     

静电纺丝法制备CeO2微纳米纤维及其除氟性能

以聚丙烯腈(PAN)为载体,六水合硝酸铈[Ce(NO₃)₃·6H₂O]为原料,采用静电纺丝法制备了Ce(NO₃)₃/PAN纤维,在空气中热处理得到CeO₂微纳米纤维,通过XRD、BET和SEM对CeO₂微纳米纤维进行表征。采用静态吸附实验探讨了CeO₂微纳米纤维去除水溶液中氟离子的性能,考察了溶液pH值、初始氟离子浓度及共存阴离子等对吸附性能的影响。结果表明,pH=3时,CeO₂微纳米纤维对F^-的吸附性能最佳,CeO₂吸附量随着F^-浓度的增大呈上升趋势。CeO₂微纳米纤维对F^-的吸附等温线遵循Langmuir模型,二级动力学模型能很好地描述CeO₂微纳米纤维对F^-的吸附过程。CeO₂微纳米纤维的除氟性能优良,可为其实际应用提供理论参考。     

Selinidin: Crystal structure generated by C–H···O, C–H···π and π-π interactions

The title compound, 9,10-dihydro-8,8-dimethyl-2-oxo-2H,8H-benzo[1,2-b:3,4-b']dipyran-9-yl-2-methyl-2-butenoate, C₁₉H₂₀O₅, was isolated from the roots of Selinum vaginatum. The compound crystallizes into monoclinic space group P2 ₁ with unit cell parameters: a = 12.830(2) Å, b = 9.041(1) Å, c = 14.983(1) Å, β = 95.09(1)°, Z = 4. The crystal structure has been determined using direct methods and refined by full-matrix least-squares to a final R value of 0.0529 for 3142 observed reflections. There are two independent molecules, A and B, per asymmetric unit. In both the molecules, the coumarin nucleus is planar. However pronounced differences are observed in the conformation of dihydropyran ring which has a half-chair conformation with an 8β-9α orientation in molecule A and is intermediate between half-chair and sofa in molecule B. Differences also occur in the conformation of the 2-methylbutenoyloxy side chain at C9 due to the different geometry of C–H···π interactions in molecules A and B. Molecules A and B are connected by π–π interactions between their coumarin fragments forming dimers. The dimers interact through C–H···O and C–H···πhydrogen bonds.     

Chromene and Imidazole Based D-π-A Chemosensor Preparation and Its Anion Responsive Effects

We have designed and synthesized the colorimetric chemosensor through the reactions of 2-(4H-chromen-4-yildene)malonitrile and 4-imidazolecarboxaldehyde. Due to its well conjugated D-π-A system and the existence of NH- fragment in structure, we expected that the chemosensor can detect anion using NH- fragment in the imidazole moiety of the structure. In this regard, UV-Vis absorption spectra were measured to investigate sensing properties of the probe toward different anions in DMSO. This chemosensor can detect both fluoride and cyanide ion with absorption change in intensity. In addition, pH sensing property was also investigated upon the addition of hydroxide ion. These properties are related to the deprotonation effect. The ICT system in this molecule was also observed by the computational approach using Material Studio 4.3 package.     

电子显微分析在表征纳米晶体化学组分中的应用

纳米材料的化学组分及含量影响其光、电、声、热、磁等物理性能,电子显微分析是表征纳米晶体化学组分的重要方法之一.本文综述了X-射线能谱(EDS)、X-射线波谱(WDS)、电子能量损失谱(EELS)和选区电子衍射(SAED)等现代电子显微分析技术在表征纳米晶体化学组分、形貌、尺寸和结构等方面的应用及其研究进展,并比较了这些分析方法存在的差异,提出了其应用中存在的不足及今后的研发方向.     

4- and 5-nitroindane

Mononitration of indane produces a mixture of 4- and 5- nitroindanes. Crystallization from mixtures occurs after distillation improves composition of a major component to above 80%. 4-Nitroindane: triclinic, space group (#2),a=7.332(4) Å,b=8.304(4) Å,c=8.358(4) Å, =61.43(4)°, =67.60(4)°, =70.15(4)°,V=405.4(4) ų,Z=2. Non-H-atoms are nearly planar, aliphatic H's are eclipsed. 5-Nitroindane: monoclinic, space groupP2₁/c (#14),a=10.946(8) Å,b=15.643(10) Å,c=9.415(6) Å, =92.34(5)°,V=1611(2) ų,Z=8. Non-H-atoms in the two molecules differ in torsion of the nitro group with respect to indane and fold of the nonbenzylic methylene group. Semiempirical calculations (PM3) suggest that distorsion from planarity may be associated with the two lowest energy vibrational modes. Uv, ir, ms, proton, and¹³C-nmr spectra are correlated with the solid state structures.     

6<Emphasis Type="Italic">S</Emphasis>,8α-Dihydroxy-14,15-Dihydrocarapin (Khayanone) from the Stem Bark of <Emphasis Type="Italic">Khaya Senegalensis</Emphasis> (Meliaceae): Isolation and its Crystal Structure

Khayanone was isolated from the stem bark of African mahogany, Khaya senegalensis (Meliaceae), and characterized as 6S,8α-dihydroxy-14,15-dihydrocarapin on the basis of spectral analysis and single crystal X-ray diffraction study. The compound crystallizes in the tetragonal space group P4 ₁ 2 ₁ 2 with unit cell parameters: a = 13.2315(19) Å, c = 29.118(6) Å, Z = 8. The crystal structure has been solved by direct methods and refined to R = 0.0375 for 4552 unique reflections. The six-membered rings A and B exist in boat conformations, rings C and D in chair conformations, and the furan ring is planar. The crystal structure is stabilized by O-H···O and C-H···O interactions. This is the first report about 6S configuration of mexicanolide revealed by X-ray diffraction analysis. The configuration of oxygenated C-6 in mexicanolide-group limonoids is discussed.     

Nuclear magnetic resonance: a powerful tool to study liquid crystals

Nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) is a spectroscopic technique widely used to investigate materials and soft matter in particular. In this brief review, the main uses of NMR techniques to investigate different aspects of liquid crystals, such as the orientational and dynamic properties, the supramolecular structure and average molecular conformations, are described. In the second part of the paper, the case study of a ‘de Vries’ liquid crystal is reported and the main results obtained by combining different NMR techniques are discussed.     

X-ray analysis of sideroxol from <Emphasis Type="Italic">Sideritis leptoclada</Emphasis>

Sideroxol (1), a kaurane diterpene which has the ent-7α,18-dihydroxy-15β,16β-epoxykaurane structure (MW = 320.47, C₂₀H₃₂O₃) was obtained from the acetone extract of Sideritis leptoclada plant as well as from some other Sideritis species. It crystallizes in the orthorhombic space group P2₁, 2₁, 2₁ with a = 10.967(3), b = 24.555(5), c = 6.372(4) Å, Dc = 1.240 g cm⁻³, Z = 4, and refines to R = 0.065 for 721 independent reflections. The skeleton consists of three fused six-membered rings and a five-membered ring with fused epoxide. The six membered rings exhibited slightly distorted chair conformation. In addition to sideroxol, two kaurane and five kaurene diterpenes were isolated from the hexane and acetone extracts of the studied plant.     

New zeotype borophosphates with chiral tetrahedral topology: (H)0.5M1.25(H2O)1.5[BP2O8]·H2O (M = Co(II) and Mn(II))

Two new isostructural open‐framework zeotype transition metal borophosphate compounds, (H)_0.5M_1.25(H₂O)_1.5[BP₂O₈]·H₂O (M = Co(II) and Mn(II)) were synthesized by mild hydrothermal method. The structure of compounds were characterized by single‐crystal X‐ray diffraction which have ordered, alternating, vertex‐sharing BO₄, PO₄, and (MO₄)OM(H₂O)₂ groups with hexagonal, P 6₁ 2 2 (No 178) space group and unit cell parameters for Co a = 9.4960(6) Å, c = 15.6230(13) Å, for Mn a = 9.6547(12) Å, c = 15.791(3) Å, Z = 1 for both of them. TGA/DTA analysis, IR spectroscopy were used for characterization. Magnetic susceptibility measurements for both of the compound indicate strong antiferromagnetic interaction between metal centers. (© 2005 WILEY‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim)