水热法制备BiFeO_3粉体的相变研究

本文以Fe(NO_3)_3·9H_2O 和Bi(NO_3)_3·5H_2O为反应原料,以KOH为矿化剂, 利用水热方法在矿化剂浓度4.5 mol/L至12.0 mol/L区域内制备出钙钛矿结构的BiFeO_3粉体材料.经过XRD慢扫(扫描速率为0.008°/s)及peakfit软件模拟分析得知,在KOH浓度由4.5～12.0 mol/L转变的过程中,产物的物相由三方相BiFeO_3向六方相BiFeO_3的转变.同时BiFeO_3铁电性能研究也证实了以上相变的存在.     

炭吸附纳米氧化铋的制备及其光催化性能

以粗氧化铋和浓硝酸为原料,采用炭吸附共沉淀法制备氧化铋(Bi2 O3)纳米粉体.通过热重分析仪(TG-DTA)、X射线衍射仪(XRD)、紫外-可见分光光度计(UV-Vis)、透射电子显微镜(TEM)对得到的粉体的焙烧温度、物相、光吸收性能及微粒尺寸进行表征.结果显示:活性炭的加入有效阻止了纳米氧化铋在制备、干燥以及焙烧过程的团聚和烧结;在500℃煅烧制备的Bi2 O3粉体结晶度高、颗粒分布均匀,平均晶粒尺寸为10.8 nm,比表面积为86.43 m2·g-1;加入活性炭煅烧得到的Bi2 O3粉体在可见光区域吸收性能明显增强,对可见光有更好的吸收性能.评价纳米Bi2O3光催化活性是利用可见光光催化降解甲基橙(MO)目标污染物,60 min内甲基橙降解率达到91.77;.     

凝胶燃烧法制备纳米CoTiO3粉体及其表征

以乙二胺四乙酸(EDTA)、Co(NO3)2·6H2O、冰醋酸、钛酸丁酯为原料,采用溶胶-凝胶燃烧法制备得到了CoTiO3纳米粉体.先将反应物制成凝胶前驱体,然后在干燥条件下以10 ℃/min的速率升温,用TG-DAT进行表征,结果测得其热分解和晶化温度在450 ℃以上.将此前驱体在700 ℃下焙烧2 h,制备得到了CoTiO3纳米粉体.对此纳米粉体以X射线衍射(XRD)、热重分析(TG)、透射电子显微镜(TEM)、傅立叶转换红外光谱仪(FT-IR)、紫外-可见分光光度计(UV-vis)进行表征,结果表明所制备的纳米CoTiO3粉体由粒径为30～90 nm的多边形颗粒构成,平均粒径约为70 nm.     

热处理对共沉淀法制备YAG纳米粉体性能的影响

以Al(NO3)3和Y(NO3)3为原料,采用共沉淀法制备出粒度大小为60～100nm,颗粒呈球形的纯相YAG纳米粉.研究了前驱物在不同条件下热处理对YAG纳米粉体性能的影响,并对前驱物在焙烧过程中的物相变化进行了观察,发现延长前驱物在低温下的干燥时间会导致晶粒尺寸增大,而采用在晶化温度前后分别进行保温的方法可在较低的温度获得纯相的YAG粉体.对比了焙烧温度和保温时间对产物粒度的影响,结果表明:在保证粉体晶化完全的前提下,升高焙烧温度比延长保温时间对晶粒尺寸有更显著的影响.     

微波辐射低温固相反应法制备NiFe2O4纳米片晶

采用FeO4·7H2O、NiSO4·6H2O和NaOH作为反应物,充分研磨制备前驱体,对前驱体进行微波辐射制备NiFe2O4纳米粉体.通过X射线衍射分析和扫描电子显微镜分析等手段,研究了微波辐射功率、辐射时间、研磨时间对NiFe2O4纳米粉体尺寸、均匀性及团聚情况的影响.结果表明:采用微波辐射低温固相反应法能够快速且均匀地制备出结构单一的NiFe2O4尖晶石纳米晶,当微波辐射功率为700 W、辐射时间为16 min、研磨时间为20 min时,所制备的NiF2O4尖晶石纳米晶,其晶粒呈圆片状,晶粒尺寸约为30 nm,颗粒均匀性最好,且粉体不易团聚.     

共沉淀法制备Ba(Fe0.5 Nb0.5)O3纳米粉体

以廉价的Nb2O5为铌源,采用共沉淀法制备了纳米Ba(Fe0.5Nb0.5)O3粉体.用XRD、TG-DSC、FT-IR、SEM等测试手段分析了烧结温度、保温时间、体系温度、pH值等对前驱体粉体的物相、形貌及晶粒大小的影响,并对粉体的磁学性能进行了表征.结果表明:合成温度在950℃,体系温度在30℃和50℃均可获得纯相立方钙钛矿结构的Ba(Fe0.5 Nb0.5)O3粉体,保温时间和pH值对粉体相结构变化无影响.在体系温度为30℃,pH=10,前驱体粉体在950℃煅烧2h后获得颗粒尺寸约30 nm的Ba(Fe05Nb0.5)O3粉体,且粉体具有弱的铁磁性.     

均相共沉淀法制备氧化锌基红色荧光粉

以Zn(NO_3)_2·2H_2O、CO(NH_2)_2 、Eu(NO_3)_3·6H_2O和LiNO_3·2H_2O为原料,采用均相共沉淀制备了粒径为20～40 nm的Eu,Li共掺的纳米ZnO荧光粉,用SEM、XRD、TG-DSC、FL等检测手段对样品进行了表征.结果表明:样品的荧光性能与热处理温度及Eu,Li的掺杂比例密切相关,掺杂的ZnO荧光粉呈现出Eu的特征发射,其发射主峰位于611 nm处.     

钛精矿湿化学法合成Fe2TiO5/TiO2复合纳米粉体

以攀枝花钛精矿作为初始原料,采用湿化学法制备铁钛氧化物纳米粉体.利用X射线衍射(XRD)、场发射扫描电子显微镜(FESEM/EDS)、BET氮气吸附法、紫外-可见漫反射光谱(UV-Vis DRS)对合成的粉体进行表征,测试结果表明:合成了相组成为85.72 ;质量分数 Fe2TiO5和14.28 ;质量分数 TiO2(金红石)复合纳米晶粉体,平均晶粒尺寸为38 nm;近似球形的粉体颗粒及其聚集体,比表面积为16.80 m2/g;粉体在波长250～600 nm范围内均有较强的光吸收,由Fe2TiO5电子跃迁形成的起始吸收边为593 nm,相应的能带宽度为2.09 eV.     

共沉淀法制备Sr(Fe0.5Nb0.5)O3纳米粉体及其介电性能研究

采用共沉淀法制备Sr(Fe0.5Nb0.5) O3纳米粉体,两步烧结工艺制备Sr(Fe0.5 Nb0.5) O3陶瓷.用X射线衍射仪(XRD)分析烧结温度、煅烧时间、体系温度、pH值和初始溶液浓度对前驱体粉体物相的影响,用扫描电子显微镜(SEM)分析Sr(Fe0.5 Nb0.5) O3纳米粉体和陶瓷的微观形貌,用阻抗分析仪研究陶瓷的介电性能.结果表明:当体系温度为25℃,pH值为9,初始溶液浓度为0.25 mol/L,在950℃煅烧2h后可获得颗粒分布均匀(～ 50 nm)的Sr(Fe0.5Nb05)O3纳米粉体,用该纳米粉体获得的Sr(Fe0.5Nb0.5)O3陶瓷有优异的频率和温度稳定性及高的介电常数(ε'＞2×103)和较低的介电损耗(1 kHz,tanδ=0.086).高的介电常数与陶瓷晶粒和晶界间阻挡层的形成有关,低的介电损耗来源于陶瓷致密的微观结构.     

溶胶-凝胶自蔓延燃烧法合成LaFeO3纳米粉体

采用溶胶凝胶自蔓延法,以La2O3,和Fe(NO3)3·9H2O为原料,柠檬酸为络合剂,制备出纳米级别LaFeO3粉体.对制备的干凝胶和纳米粉体采用热分析(DTA/TG),X射线衍射仪(XRD),扫描电镜(SEM)和透射电镜(TEM)检测方法进行检测分析.分别探讨了溶液金属离子与柠檬酸比例对凝胶的形成影响,煅烧温度对LaFeO3晶相的形成及晶粒尺寸大小的影响.研究结果表明,当柠檬酸与金属离子摩尔比例为1:1时制备的干凝胶,引燃温度300℃,然后900℃保温1 h,可以得到尺寸大小在55～70 nm的单相LaFeO3纳米粒子.     

CsI-LiCl共晶材料的坩埚下降法生长与闪烁性能研究

本文采用坩埚下降法,在真空密封的石英坩埚中成功生长出CsI-LiCl与CsI-LiCl:Na共晶闪烁体。通过扫描电子显微镜(SEM)观察晶体微结构表明该共晶中LiCl相与CsI相存在周期性的层状排列,CsI相的厚度在5 μm左右。共晶样品的X射线激发发射谱显示在CsI-LiCl和CsI-LiCl:Na共晶样品存在缺陷发光,在CsI-LiCl样品中还观察到了纯CsI的自陷激子(STE)发光。CsI-LiCl样品在α粒子激发下的多道能谱中观察到明显的全能峰,这一结果证明CsI-LiCl共晶可用于热中子探测的潜力。     

静电纺丝法制备CeO2微纳米纤维及其除氟性能

以聚丙烯腈(PAN)为载体,六水合硝酸铈[Ce(NO₃)₃·6H₂O]为原料,采用静电纺丝法制备了Ce(NO₃)₃/PAN纤维,在空气中热处理得到CeO₂微纳米纤维,通过XRD、BET和SEM对CeO₂微纳米纤维进行表征。采用静态吸附实验探讨了CeO₂微纳米纤维去除水溶液中氟离子的性能,考察了溶液pH值、初始氟离子浓度及共存阴离子等对吸附性能的影响。结果表明,pH=3时,CeO₂微纳米纤维对F^-的吸附性能最佳,CeO₂吸附量随着F^-浓度的增大呈上升趋势。CeO₂微纳米纤维对F^-的吸附等温线遵循Langmuir模型,二级动力学模型能很好地描述CeO₂微纳米纤维对F^-的吸附过程。CeO₂微纳米纤维的除氟性能优良,可为其实际应用提供理论参考。     

X-ray analysis of sideroxol from <Emphasis Type="Italic">Sideritis leptoclada</Emphasis>

Sideroxol (1), a kaurane diterpene which has the ent-7α,18-dihydroxy-15β,16β-epoxykaurane structure (MW = 320.47, C₂₀H₃₂O₃) was obtained from the acetone extract of Sideritis leptoclada plant as well as from some other Sideritis species. It crystallizes in the orthorhombic space group P2₁, 2₁, 2₁ with a = 10.967(3), b = 24.555(5), c = 6.372(4) Å, Dc = 1.240 g cm⁻³, Z = 4, and refines to R = 0.065 for 721 independent reflections. The skeleton consists of three fused six-membered rings and a five-membered ring with fused epoxide. The six membered rings exhibited slightly distorted chair conformation. In addition to sideroxol, two kaurane and five kaurene diterpenes were isolated from the hexane and acetone extracts of the studied plant.     

Photoluminescence characteristics of Mg- and Si-doped GaN thin films grown by MOCVD technique

We have studied the optical, structural and surface morphology of doped and undoped GaN thin films. The p- and n-type thin films have been successfully prepared by low-pressure MOCVD technique by doping with Mg and Si, respectively. The different carrier concentrations were obtained in the GaN thin films by varying dopant concentrations. Photoluminescence (PL) studies were carried to find the defect levels in the doped and undoped GaN thin films at low temperature. In the undoped GaN thin films, a low intensity and broad yellow band peak was observed. The donor–acceptor pair (DAP) emission and its phonon replicas were observed in both the Si or Mg lightly doped GaN thin films. The dominance of the blue and the yellow emissions increased in the PL spectra, as the carrier concentration was increased. The XRD and SEM analyses were employed to study the structural and surface morphology of the films, respectively. Both the doped and the undoped films exhibited hexagonal structure and polycrystalline nature. Mg-doped GaN thin films showed columnar structure whereas Si-doped films exhibited spherical shape grains.     

New zeotype borophosphates with chiral tetrahedral topology: (H)0.5M1.25(H2O)1.5[BP2O8]·H2O (M = Co(II) and Mn(II))

Two new isostructural open‐framework zeotype transition metal borophosphate compounds, (H)_0.5M_1.25(H₂O)_1.5[BP₂O₈]·H₂O (M = Co(II) and Mn(II)) were synthesized by mild hydrothermal method. The structure of compounds were characterized by single‐crystal X‐ray diffraction which have ordered, alternating, vertex‐sharing BO₄, PO₄, and (MO₄)OM(H₂O)₂ groups with hexagonal, P 6₁ 2 2 (No 178) space group and unit cell parameters for Co a = 9.4960(6) Å, c = 15.6230(13) Å, for Mn a = 9.6547(12) Å, c = 15.791(3) Å, Z = 1 for both of them. TGA/DTA analysis, IR spectroscopy were used for characterization. Magnetic susceptibility measurements for both of the compound indicate strong antiferromagnetic interaction between metal centers. (© 2005 WILEY‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim)     

Solubility of Ag2O into the Na2O–B2O3–Al2O3 system

The solubility of Ag₂O was measured for the Na₂O–B₂O₃ and Na₂O–B₂O₃–Al₂O₃ system with the rotating crucible method and static method, respectively, under air atmosphere at temperatures ranging from 1273 to 1423 K. The contamination of melts from crucibles could be avoided by the rotating crucible method, with which it became possible to measure the solubility of Ag₂O for the Na₂O–B₂O₃ system above the melting point of Ag for the first time. It was found that the addition of Na₂O decreases the solubility of Ag₂O while the addition of Al₂O₃ had little effect on the solubility. The effect of Na₂O and Al₂O₃ on the solubility of Ag₂O is expressed by interaction coefficients and is analyzed in terms of the basicity of melts. The solubility of Ag₂O in Na₂O–B₂O₃–Al₂O₃ melts increased with increased temperature. This phenomena was explained by a small enthalpy change in oxidation of silver.     

Considerations on the structure and physical properties of B2O3-SiO2 and GeO2-SiO2 glasses

Data of density, refractive index and thermal expansion coefficient for B₂O₃-SiO₂ and GeO_2-SiO₂ glasses have been analyzed. The volumes of the structural units are the same found for the vitreous B₂O₃, GeO₂ and SiO₂. The volume of any structural unit is constant over the entire composition region of the glass system. The same has been found for the differential refraction and unit refraction of the structural units in these glasses. Different features are observed for the differential expansion of the structural units. There is a considerable change with composition in the differential expansion of BO₃, GeO₄ and SiO₄ units. The effect is attributed to a change in the asymmetry of vibrations with the number of Si-O-B or Si-O-Ge linkages in the matrix. The thermal expansion coefficient is mainly determined by the contribution of B₂O₃ or GeO₂ in the concerned glasses.     

Molecular structure and crystal packing of uncomplexed 1,6-bis(N-cyano-p-methoxy-anilino)-2,4-hexadiyne, C22H18N4O2

The X-ray crystal structure of 1,6-bis(N-cyano-p-methoxy-anilino)-2,4-hexadiyne, C₂₂H₁₈N₄O₂, is determined. The crystal packing is dominated by phenyl stacking interactions. Weak C–H···N hydrogen bonds help align the molecules. C–H··· hydrogen bonding is not apparent.     

Structural and electrical properties of vapour phase grown Cd1 − xFexTe single crystals

Cd_1 − xFe_xTe single crystals were prepared by vapour phase growth method in the composition range of 0 ≤ x ≤ 0.03. Chemical analysis, surface morphology, structural investigations and electrical properties were carried out by EDAX, SEM, XRD, TEM and transport technique, respectively. Microscopic variations between the target and actual compositions were noticed. Morphology studies revealed that dislocation aided growth is active in the present crystals. TEM and XRD studies confirmed that the samples of all compositions crystallized in zinc blende structure, and the lattice parameters varied almost linearly decreases with Fe content. At room temperature, the resistivity of the Cd_1 − xFe_xTe crystals of all compositions (x = 0.01, 0.015, 0.02, 0.025 and 0.03) lies in the range of 3.5-6.5 M Ω, the activation energies lie in the range of 63-133 meV, and the samples were show the ‘p’ type conductivity.     

空位浓度对纤锌矿CdS电子结构和光学性质影响的第一性原理研究

本文基于密度泛函理论的平面波超软赝势方法,采用第一性原理研究了含Cd空位缺陷CdS和含S空位缺陷纤锌矿CdS的几何结构、能带结构、电子态密度及光学性质。通过计算分析可知,含Cd空位缺陷的CdS体系均为p型半导体,含S空位缺陷的CdS体系跃迁方式均由直接跃迁变为间接跃迁。Cd、S空位缺陷的CdS体系的态密度总能量降低。空位CdS体系相较于本征CdS体系的静介电常数均有提高,并随着空位浓度的增大而增大,Cd空位缺陷体系更为明显,极化能力得到显著提升。空位Cd的CdS体系相较于本征CdS体系在红外波段存在明显的吸收,空位S的CdS体系相较于本征CdS体系在可见光波段存在明显的吸收。