陶瓷微珠直接堆烧制备多孔莫来石陶瓷及性能研究

以高纯石英粉、氧化铝粉以及玻璃粉作为主要原料,首先通过颗粒稳定泡沫法结合离心雾化干燥装置制备得到SiO2-Al2O3陶瓷微珠,然后将其紧密堆积于坩埚中,随后经1500 ℃下直接堆积烧结1 h,利用空心微珠高温下自发泡,成功制备孔分布均匀的多孔莫来石陶瓷.研究了SiO2-Al2O3陶瓷微珠中高纯石英粉、氧化铝粉和玻璃粉组成对多孔莫来石陶瓷性能的影响.该方法简便易行,可控性强.通过该方法可制得气孔率高达85.4;,抗压强度为(3.69±0.86) MPa,低介电常数为1.70的多孔莫来石陶瓷,有望应用于透波材料领域.     

凝胶注模成型Al2O3-ZrO2泡沫陶瓷的制备与表征

采用环保无毒生物高分子明胶作胶凝剂和四甲基氢氧化铵(TMAH)为分散剂,通过凝胶注模工艺制备了相对密度为10;～35;的ZrO2增韧Al2O3(ZTA)泡沫陶瓷,对制备泡沫陶瓷的结构和性能进行了表征.SEM分析表明泡沫陶瓷由相互贯通的球形孔室构成,其孔径分布取决于泡沫陶瓷的相对密度.ZTA泡沫陶瓷抗弯强度随相对密度从10;变化到31;而相应地从3.1 MPa提高至28.1 MPa,渗透系数随相对密度的增大呈指数衰减.     

Y2O3添加对Yb2Si2O7无压烧结致密化的影响

以Yb2O3粉末和溶胶-凝胶法制备的活性SiO2凝胶为原料,在1550℃保温4h合成了具有单斜结构的单相Yb2Si2O7粉体.采用无压烧结方法获得了Yb2Si2O7陶瓷.通过添加Y2O3烧结助剂,获得了气孔率为3.2;的致密Yb2Si2O7陶瓷.采用XRD、SEM方法对烧结体的结构、成分和形貌进行测试与表征.结果表明:烧结体均为单相的Yb2Si2O7,不含其它杂质相.Y2O3的添加大大降低了烧结体的气孔率,促进了烧结的致密化.所得致密Yb2Si2O7陶瓷的平均晶粒尺寸为1～2 μm,大部分晶粒为颗粒状晶粒.     

添加剂对超重力下燃烧合成Al_2O_3/ZrO_2(4Y)的影响

基于超重力下燃烧合成Al2O3/ZrO2(4Y),通过调整SiO2引入量,研究添加剂对材料显微结构、形态与性能的影响。结果表明:添加SiO2不改变复合陶瓷相组成,但随SiO2引入量增加,陶瓷共晶团发生胞状向棒状形态的转变,且其长径比增大、体积分数下降。陶瓷致密性随SiO2引入量增加而增大,陶瓷硬度与弯曲强度则在SiO2引入量为6%时均呈现最大值,而陶瓷断裂韧性在SiO2引入量为4%时,因裂纹偏转与桥接增韧效应显著而获得最高值。     

不同碳硅比稻壳对原位制备多孔Si3N4陶瓷的影响

以不同C/SiO2的碳化稻壳为硅源、碳源和成孔剂,添加α-Si3N4和少量烧结助剂,利用碳热还原氮化法原位制备多孔氮化硅陶瓷,研究了不同C/SiO2和烧结温度对多孔陶瓷相组成、显气孔率、抗弯强度和微观结构等性能的影响.结果表明:当选用碳化稻壳C/SiO2(质量比)为0.5和0.7时,在1450 ～ 1500℃的试样中有α-Si3N4和β-Si3N4,在1550℃的试样中只有β-Si3N4.C/SiO2为0.7、1450～1550℃下制备出多孔氮化硅陶瓷,其气孔率为52.53; ～38.48;,抗弯强度为44.07～83.40MPa;1550℃制备的多孔β-Si3N4陶瓷中孔隙分布均匀,孔径约为2μm,β-Si3N4呈团簇状生长,长径比约为6～8.     

Y2O3添加对Nb2O5低膨胀陶瓷结构与性能的影响

采用高温固相烧结法制备了Y2O3改性Nb2O5低膨胀陶瓷材料.研究了Y2O3添加量对Nb2O5陶瓷的物相组成、微观结构、气孔率、热膨胀性能、抗弯强度和抗热震性能等的影响.结果表明,经1390℃保温2h烧成,纯Nb2O5陶瓷样品存在开裂现象,表现出低的抗弯强度和差的抗热震性能.添加2～ 10;Y2O3后,样品主晶相为单斜相Nb2O5,还生成了YNbO4晶相.通过添加适量Y2O3改性,可抑制Nb2O5陶瓷烧成过程中的晶粒增长和避免开裂现象,形成致密的微观结构,样品的抗弯强度和抗热震性能显著提高.Nb2O5陶瓷的热膨胀系数随Y2O3添加量的增加而逐渐增大.Y2O3添加量为6;时,样品的热膨胀系数和抗弯强度分别为1.9×10-6/℃和103.4 MPa,表现出良好的抗热震性能.     

环境温度和湿度对96-Al2O3陶瓷电阻率的影响

采用无压烧结技术,以0.25wt;CaO、1wt;MgO、2.75wt;SiO2为添加剂,在1500 ℃、1550 ℃、1600 ℃下烧结制备了Al2O3陶瓷,分别在150~400 ℃温度范围内和40;~100;的相对湿度环境下,对Al2O3陶瓷的直流电阻率进行检测.样品的相组成和显微结构通过X-ray衍射分析(XRD)和扫描电子显微镜(SEM)表征.结果表明,环境温度由150 ℃上升到400 ℃,样品的直流电阻率降低了约2~2.5个数量级;环境相对湿度从40;上升到100;,样品的直流电阻下降了约3~4个数量级.在相同测试条件下,1500 ℃烧结的Al2O3陶瓷样品由于小的晶粒尺寸和高的孔隙率,从而导致其具有更高的电阻率.     

纳米Al2O3/GdAlO3共晶陶瓷复合粉体的醇-水加热法制备与表征

为制备分散均匀的纳米尺度的共晶陶瓷复合粉体,采用Al(NO3)3·9H2O和Gd2O3作为原材料,通过醇-水加热法制备了纳米尺度的Al2O3/GdAlO3共晶成分陶瓷粉体.研究了溶液初始浓度配比和pH值等对复合粉体粒径的影响.通过SEM、TEM、FT-IR和BET N2吸附法等手段表征了前驱体颗粒大小和分散性3确定最佳的前驱体制备工艺,对前驱体进行煅烧制得Al2O3/GdAlO3复合陶瓷粉体.结果表明,前驱体粒径和分散性受制备工艺影响较大;特别是,最佳工艺制备的前驱体平均粒径20 nm,分散性良好,形貌多呈球形;1250℃煅烧后得到的Al2O3/GdAlO3共晶陶瓷粉体的晶化良好、成分均匀,粉体粒径100～200 nm.     

TiO2掺杂ZnO-Bi2O3-Co2O3-MnCO3系低压压敏陶瓷的微结构和电性能研究

采用固相反应法制备了TiO2掺杂的ZnO-Bi2O3-Co2O3-MnCO3系低压压敏陶瓷.采用X射线衍射、扫描电镜、压敏电阻直流参数仪、阻抗分析仪等研究了掺杂量对陶瓷的微结构、压敏性能和阻抗等影响.结果表明:掺杂1.0mol;TiO2时综合电性能最好,压敏电压梯度为21.6 V/ mm,漏电流密度为0.02 μA/ mm2,非线性系数为33;掺杂最大于1.0 mol;时,压敏电压梯度降低的同时也使非线性系数降低,漏电流密度增大;Cole-Cole形式的复阻抗谱图表明掺杂1.0 mol;TiO2的晶界电阻最大,晶界电阻对ZnO-Bi2O3-Co2O3-MnCO3-TiO2系低压压敏陶瓷电阻的贡献最为明显.     

TiO2烧结助剂对纳米η-Al2 O3制备氧化铝陶瓷的影响

为降低氧化铝陶瓷制备成本,改善其性能,以价格低廉的纳米η-Al2 O3为原料,TiO2为烧结助剂,制备氧化铝陶瓷.研究了TiO2加入量对纳米η-Al2 O3氧化铝陶瓷的体积密度、显气孔率、物相组成和微观结构的影响.结果表明:TiO2通过增加氧化铝中铝离子点缺陷数量而提高其扩散系数,促进氧化铝陶瓷的致密化及晶粒的生长.η-Al2 O3到α-Al2 O3的相变首先在氧化铝颗粒表面进行,然后迅速扩散至内部完成.通过计算晶胞参数大小,定量证明刚玉晶体发育良好,引入适量TiO2对氧化铝陶瓷高温性能和化学稳定性影响较小.当TiO2加入量为2wt;,烧结温度为1600℃时,氧化铝陶瓷的性能优良,体积密度为3.70 g/cm3、显气孔率为1.2;,存在一定数量的晶间气孔和晶内气孔,晶体间结合紧密,晶粒尺寸10～30μm.     

(C2N2H10)2Mg(HP2O7)2·2H2O synthesis and crystal structure

(C₂N₂H₁₀)₂Mg(HP₂O₇)₂·2H₂O, is a new inorganic organic hybrid structure. It has been synthetized using wet chemistry. Its crystal structure consists of cis- and trans-edge sharing [MgO₄(H₂O)₂] octahedra resulting in chains, which are linked via [HP₂O₇] units to form [Mg(HP₂O₇)₂(H₂O)₂]⁴⁻ layers. The Mg²⁺ cations and the ethylendiammonium cations are located on centers of inversion. The ethylendiammonium cations are alternately located in the interlayer space. The cohesion of the crystal is well ensured by coulombic interactions between anions and cations and by several hydrogen bonds. The diphosphate anion shows an eclipsed conformation.     

Crystal structure of Rb2[GeO2(OH)2]·2H2O

Single crystals of Rb₂[GeO₂(OH)₂] · 2H₂O are studied by X-ray diffraction. The crystals belong to the orthorhombic system, sp. gr. Pna2₁, a = 13.523(6) Å, b = 8.143(4) Å, c = 13.407(6) Å, Z = 8, R ₁ = 0.0506. In [GeO₂(OH)₂]^2? anions, the Ge-O distances (1.71–1.73(1) Å) are shorter than the Ge-OH distances (1.76–1.80(1) Å). Anions are linked to each other by pairs of hydrogen bonds to form infinite chains. The chains are linked by hydrogen bonds involving water molecules to form a 3D structure. The assignment of the bands in the IR spectrum of the compound under study is performed.     

通过SiO2涂层改善BaSi2O2N2∶Eu2荧光粉的热性能

本文研究了SiO2涂层对BaSi2O2N2∶ Eu2蓝绿色荧光粉发光性能和热性能的影响.采用溶胶-凝胶法制备了SiO2包覆的BaSi2O2N2∶Eu2+蓝绿色荧光粉.实验结果表明,最佳镀膜量为6wt;,当镀膜量大于此值时,荧光粉亮度迅速降低.涂覆SiO2后,在150℃下BaSi2O2 N2∶Eu2荧光粉的热猝灭性能提高了2.4;,在500℃热降解后荧光粉的发光性能提高了15;.SiO2涂层显著提高了BaSi2O2N2∶Eu2+荧光粉的热稳定性.SiO2涂层的作用机理是在荧光粉表面和氧化气氛之间形成阻挡层,保护Eu2的发光中心在热加热过程中不被氧化.     

Optical properties of the germanate melilites Sr2MgGe2O7, Sr2ZnGe2O7 and Ba2ZnGe2O7

Refractive indices and their dispersion in the wavelength range from 365 nm to 2325 nm and transmission ranges of the tetragonal melilite‐type germanates Sr₂MgGe₂O₇, Sr₂ZnGe₂O₇ and Ba₂ZnGe₂O₇ were determined. The uniaxial positive crystals Sr₂MgGe₂O₇ and Ba₂ZnGe₂O₇ both offer the possibility for phase matched second harmonic generation, a detailed analysis of phase matching conditions is given. The refractive indices of Sr₂ZnGe₂O₇ show an isoindex (isotropic) point at 467 nm. The investigation was performed on Czochralski grown large single crystals. The crystal structure of all three germanates were determined by means of X ‐ray diffraction. The results corroborate unmodulated melilite‐type structures at room temperature. (© 2009 WILEY‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim)     

Crystal structure of bis 4-benzyl piperidinium monohydrogenmonophosphate pentahydrate, [C6H5CH2CHCH2CH2NH2CH2CH2]2HPO4·5H2O

The salt bis 4-benzyl piperidinium monohydrogenmonophosphate pentahydrate is orthorhombic with the following unit cell dimensions: a = 11.235(2) Å, b = 27.924(6) Å, c = 9.321(4) Å space group Pca2₁ with Z = 4. The structure was solved by the Patterson method and refined to final R value of 0.049 for 1802 independent reflections. The flack parameter is 0.14 with an e.s.d. of 0.23. The structure consists of infinite parallel two-dimensional [110] planes built of mutually connected ions and water molecules by strong O—H,...,O and N—H,...,O hydrogen bonding. There are no contacts other than normal van der Waals interactions between the layers.     

Identification of a new family of diphosphate compounds, AI2BII3(P2O7)2: Structures of Ag2Co3(P2O7)2, Ag2Mn3(P2O7)2, and Na2Cd3(P2O7)2

Syntheses and single-crystal X-ray structural results are reported for three new mixed diphosphates of the family A^I ₂B^II ₃(P₂O₇)₂; Ag₂Co₃(P₂O₇)₂ (I), Ag₂Mn₃(P₂O₇)₂ (II), and Na₂Cd₃(P₂O₇)₂ (III). All crystallize in the triclinic system, space group P1 bar: (I) a = 5.351(4), b = 6.375(4), c = 16.532(4) Å, = 80.83(6) = 81.45(4), = 72.87(5)°, V = 528.9(6) ų, Z = 2, D _calc = 4.649 mg/m³, R/Rw = 0.0428/0.0548 for 3949 obs. reflns; (II) a = 5.432(7), b = 6.619(6), c = 16.51(3) Å, = 80.78(8) = 82.43(9), = 72.82(7)°, V = 557.7(13) ų, Z = 2, D _calc = 4.338 mg/m³, R/Rw = 0.0679/0.1303 for 2100 obs. reflns and (III) a = 5.67(3), b = 7.08(4), c = 7.90(4) Å, = 77.0(2), = 82.5(2), = 67.8(2)°, V = 286(3) ų, Z = 2, D _calc = 4.249 mg/m³, R/Rw = 0.0307/0.0342 for 1945 obs. reflns. (I) and (II) are isostructural but (III) is of a different type. All three structures are characterized by layers of P₂O₇ groups alternating with layers of mixed metal atoms. Differences are seen in the conglomerate bonding patterns of B atoms and in the irregular geometry of Ag in (I) and (II) compared to the octahedral bonding seen for Na in (III). The differences in structure may be understood in terms of the ratios of the ionic radii of A and B atoms.     

Synthesis and characterization of (NH4)2CuBr2Cl2·2H2O crystals

Single crystals of a new compound, (NH₄)₂CuBr₂Cl₂.2H₂O, were grown from saturated aqueous solution at room temperature by slow evaporation method. The grown crystals were characterized through elemental, powder XRD, thermal and DSC analyses and FTIR and far IR spectra. The elemental analysis and the decomposition pattern formulated using the TG‐DTG studies confirm the stoichiometry of the compound. The crystallinity of the compound is confirmed from the powder XRD pattern. A preliminary single crystal X‐ray diffraction structural analysis reveals that the title compound belongs to the orthorhombic system with a = 7.7466 Å, b = 7.783 Å and c = 8.1211 Å. The low temperature DSC shows thermal anomalies at –161.1, –156.5, –152.4, –145.2, –134, –18.5, and 1.4°C during the heating run and at –4.3, –54.8, –66.1, –90.6, –109.7 and –147.2 °C during the cooling run. The thermal hysterses indicate first order phase transitions in the title compound at these temperatures. The FTIR spectra were used to assign the characteristic vibrational frequencies due to NH₄⁺, CuX₄^2– ions and other chemical bonds. The effect of substitution of two bromine atoms on the phase transitions of a closely related crystal, diammonium tetrachloro cuprate dihydrate is also discussed. (© 2005 WILEY‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim)     

Structure of {Pb[S2CN(C2H5)2]2(1,10-phenanthroline)}2

Lead (II) nitrate reacts with 1,10-phenanthroline and sodium diethyldithiocarbamate in water to produce yellow bisdiethyldithiocarbamata 1,10-phenanthroline lead(II). Crystals from water are triclinic, space group $P\bar 1$ (#2),a=10.53(2) Å,b=11.050(12)Å,c=24.74 (3) Å, α=94.71 (9)⁰, β=98.15(11)^o, γ=114.11(9)^o,V=2569(6) ų,Z=2. Each lead atom has approximate pentagonal pyramid coordination geometry through the nitrogens of a phenathroline and sulfurs of two dithiocarbamates. Additionally, complexes form loose dimers in which lead atoms are weakly coordinated to a sulfur in an adjacent complex. IR and proton nmr spectrum of the complex are consistent with the solid state structure.     

Oxygen-conducting compounds with La2Mo2O9 structure in the ternary system La2Mo2O9-Sm2W2O9-Sm2Mo2O 9 + : Synthesis and properties

Polycrystalline samples in the ternary system La₂Mo₂O₉-Sm₂W₂O₉-Sm₂Mo₂O ₉ ⁺ were synthesized in air. The region of the existence of compounds with the lanthanum molybdate (La₂Mo₂O₉) structure in this system was determined. The polymorphism of the synthesized compounds was studied. Doping with samarium or with samarium and tungsten was shown to lead to the suppression of the transition between the monoclinic and cubic phases α → β and the appearance of the transition β _ms → β between two cubic phases. In samples with a high samarium content, the phase transition β _ms → β manifests itself as significant anomalies in the temperature dependences of the dielectric permeability and electric conductivity. An increase in the concentration of samarium in the samples leads to a substantial decrease in the conductivity compared with the nondoped compound La₂Mo₂O₉.