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1.
为了给海底管线服役期间的安全评估提供科学依据,基于水弹性相似关系,对海底管线服役期间常见水流环境条件下,冲蚀地形上悬跨弹性海底管线涡激振动进行试验研究.采用粘贴于管线内壁的应变片测量振动过程中的应变.通过与平底地形上相关研究结果进行对比分析发现:冲蚀地形上悬跨海底管线涡激振动强度与振动频率均受到冲蚀地形的影响;振动强度随水流折减速度的变化比平底地形要快,在相对冲坑长(悬跨长)L/D为20与L/D为35时涡激振动强度的差别较平底地形上悬跨管线要小得多;管线垂向振动频率随冲蚀地形冲坑长度的减少而增大;冲蚀地形上悬跨管线周围的斯特劳哈尔数St在0.21左右.比相同雷诺数下平底地形上悬跨管线周围St数略大.  相似文献   

2.
来流脉动对自激振荡脉冲流的影响   总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1  
基于瞬变流和流体网络理论建立了由往复柱塞泵,管路和自激振荡呀嘴组成的装置系统的数学模型,分析了泵源脉动对自激振荡脉冲射流振荡特性的影响,表明当来流脉动频率小于或等于嘴嘴装置的固有频率时,能提高射流的振荡,冲蚀效果,理论分析与实验结果吻合,其结论对合理设计自激振荡射流喷嘴有一定的指导意义。  相似文献   

3.
吴笛  张洋  段俐  胡良  李永强  康琦 《力学学报》2011,43(6):1054-1060
主要通过实验观测Bénard-Marangoni对流中存在的温度振荡现象, 研究了温度 振荡的起振临界Ma数, 以及初步探讨了温度振荡随Ma数增加的转捩过程. 实验结果表明不同物性参数的硅油温度振荡临界Ma数满足同一临界条件. 不同的物 性参数的介质表现出不同的温度振荡转捩过程, 但同一物性参数不同厚度的介质表 现相同的振荡规律. 此外, 还用粒子迹线法观察了流场结构及转捩过程.  相似文献   

4.
乔小溪  单斌  陈平 《摩擦学学报》2020,40(6):726-734
煤气化黑水处理系统管道由于其流体介质高含固体颗粒和腐蚀性介质,且工作在高温、高压差环境中,极易受到冲蚀磨损和腐蚀的耦合作用而失效,影响其服役寿命. 采用计算流体力学(CFD)方法数值模拟研究了煤气化黑水处理系统固-液两相流管道的冲蚀磨损行为和机理,以及流体介质速度和固体颗粒粒径对管道冲蚀磨损的影响规律,并分析了盲通管和涡室结构对弯管冲蚀磨损行为的优化改善效果. 研究结果显示,煤气化黑水处理系统管线的冲蚀高危区主要分布在弯管外拱和变径管等结构突变区域;管道冲蚀磨损行为与其内部流体的运动和颗粒冲击特性有关;管道的冲蚀率均随着流体速度的增加而加剧,而粒径对弯管和变径管冲蚀率的影响并非单调关系,这与颗粒受力作用有关;弯管优化分析显示,涡室结构可以降低弯管的最大冲蚀率,减缓弯管的冲蚀磨损.   相似文献   

5.
姚熊亮 《力学学报》1997,29(2):136-141
在240×105≤Re≤540×105,294≤Kc×785,254×L/D×502的范围内实验研究了串列圆柱在规则波中迎浪前进时的波动压力、波动升力与波动阻力.实验模型由PVC管加工制成,表面光滑.实验结果表明:在波流中,当Kc数较小而Re数较高时,绕串列圆柱的流动与均匀流中的绕流有相似之处;随着Kc数和Re数的增加,串列圆柱的柱间干扰效应会发生改变  相似文献   

6.
冲蚀是一个管壁材料受固相颗粒重复撞击而剥落,又伴随着腐蚀的复杂力学过程。冲蚀严重时可能引起管道失效或泄漏,从而产生经济损失和环境污染。为了研究多相流弯管冲蚀的基本规律和主要影响因素,本文基于自行设计的循环管路进行了水-砂两相流对弯管段碳钢贴片的冲蚀试验。基于弯道流动特征分析、扫描电镜观察和贴片的冲蚀速率估计,得到了弯管段壁面的主要损伤特征。弯管段壁面可分为四个区:外拱璧、内拱璧和左右两颊壁面。外拱璧处试验贴片的主要损伤特征为大量压痕、划痕和近圆形的蚀坑分布,其壁面减薄的主要机制为弯道流动中砂粒的多次高速冲击和切削作用;而内拱璧处的损伤特征主要是蚀坑周围包围着腐蚀产物,流动中的砂粒低速冲击和腐蚀氧化作用更为明显;两颊壁面处冲刷磨损与腐蚀增重作用相当。此外,分析了砂粒粒径、含砂量以及贴片材质对冲蚀速率的影响。大粒径及较高含砂量对冲蚀速率均起到增强作用;壁面的材料属性有差异,表面形貌的损伤特征亦有不同。  相似文献   

7.
以直径为0.1~0.6 mm的石英砂为磨料,黏度为10 mPa·s的原油为携砂液,在自制的冲蚀磨损试验装置上研究了含砂原油对石油防砂割缝筛管的冲蚀磨损性能,采用LW200-4CS数码倒置金相显微镜观测了筛管缝口表面的冲蚀磨损形貌;利用曲线拟合方法建立了割缝筛管冲蚀磨损率与原油流速、砂粒直径、砂粒浓度、冲蚀角之间关系的数学模型.结果表明:筛管的冲蚀磨损率随含砂原油流速的增加而成指数关系增加;开始时随着原油中所携带砂粒直径和浓度的增加,筛管的冲蚀磨损率增加,达到一定数值后砂粒直径和浓度再增加,割缝筛管的冲蚀磨损率反而降低;随着冲蚀角的增大,割缝筛管的冲蚀磨损率增加,在冲蚀角为90°时达到最大,这种现象不同于塑性材料的冲蚀磨损机理;所建立的数学模型与试验结果较吻合.  相似文献   

8.
水平井砾石充填数值模拟研究进展   总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1  
综述了水平井数值模拟研究的最新进展,内容包括:水平井砾石充填 机理及技术难题、充填过程中平衡砂床高度、临界流速的计算模型,描述了筛管/井筒环空砂 浆流动、冲管/筛管环空纯携砂液流动以及它们之间流体的交换和向地层的滤失过程. 重点介 绍了$\alpha$波充填过程中流动数学模型的研究现状及影响水平井砾石充填的各个 因素和存在的问题.  相似文献   

9.
冲蚀与气蚀复合磨损试验研究   总被引:6,自引:4,他引:2  
通过改造MCF-30型冲蚀腐蚀试验机,建立了水、沙、气三相流冲蚀磨损试验装置;试验研究了水、沙混合流场中试样的磨损特征,通过扫描电子显微镜观测了三相流冲蚀磨损表面,并借助计算机模拟分析水、沙混合条件下产生气蚀破坏的条件.结果表明:合理的设计可以实现冲蚀与气蚀的复合磨损模拟试验;形成三相流共同作用下的冲蚀与气蚀复合磨损重要条件为介质中含有较多气体,并且在试样中有气泡溃灭.三相流磨损模拟试验与仿真为进一步开展三相流气蚀与冲蚀磨损研究奠定了基础.  相似文献   

10.
管道的弯管段、闸阀等处常常面临含砂流动的冲蚀磨损而导致管壁减薄或泄漏。为研究弯管段冲蚀磨损的主要机制,进行了加入5%石英砂的固液两相管流循环试验。试验按砂粒粒径分组,主要观测布置在弯管段的一组碳钢贴片在2~3小时后的壁面冲蚀特征。用失重法计算各贴片的冲蚀速率,基于扫描电镜(SEM)研究了贴片表面的损伤形貌。冲蚀后的贴片表面既有犁沟、挤压凹坑及划痕,亦有圆形蚀坑。能谱分析(EDS)显示有一定量的铁氧化物,且不同位置处的贴片失重率有正有负,由此可见导致贴片表面破坏的机制既包括切削、挤压和二次冲击等含沙流流动的机械作用,也伴随着腐蚀作用。这两种机制在弯管各区有不同的体现,且受砂粒粒径的影响。用数值模拟的两相流冲蚀弯管段流场压力和颗粒分布特征做了验证。结果表明弯管段的壁面损伤机制在外拱壁面以颗粒冲击和切削为主,在内拱璧面则以氧化腐蚀为主。  相似文献   

11.
Local scour has been identified as the main factor that causes failures of structures in offshore engineering. Numerous research efforts have been devoted to local scour around offshore pipelines in the past. In this paper, a finite element numerical model is established for simulating local scour below offshore pipelines in steady currents. The flow is simulated by solving the unsteady Reynolds-averaged Navier–Stokes equations with a standard k ? ? turbulent model closure. A sand slide scheme is proposed for the scour calculation, and bed load is considered in the proposed scour model. To account for changes in bed level, the moving mesh method is adopted to capture the water–sediment interface (bed), and the change of bed level is calculated by solving Exner–Polya equation. All the equations are discretised within the two-step Taylor–Galerkin algorithm in this paper. It is found that the sand slide model works well for the simulation of the scour, and the numerical results are shown to be in good agreement with the available experimental data.  相似文献   

12.
圆柱绕流局部冲刷机制的实验研究   总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1  
赵威  呼和敖德 《力学学报》2006,38(5):577-585
采用粒子图像测速技术和粒子图像识别技术研究了冲刷坑的演化过程及局部冲刷的流体动力机制。首先研究了动床条件下圆柱周围的床面演化过程,给出垂直对称面输沙率随时间变化以及圆柱下游垂直对称面的沙颗粒浓度和泥沙分布规律;其次针对典型冲刷坑形状固定底床,测量了圆柱下游的瞬时流场,并给出平均流场。结果表明尾流区平均剪应力较低,但垂向涡量和湍流强度较高。分析指出平均剪应力较低的尾流区域,局部冲刷的主要动力机制是尾涡和湍流的综合作用。  相似文献   

13.
The incipient motion of sand particle from sand bed plays a very important role in the prediction of windblown sand.In this paper,we proposed a new method for predicting the incipient motion of sand particle based on wind speed fluctuation as follows,when the wind speed is larger than the critical wind speed,if the total impulse on sand particle is larger than the critical impulse,incipient motion of sand particle would take place,otherwise if not.Furthermore,from the analysis of entrainment in the rolling and lifting modes,we come to the following conclusion.When the average wind speed is smaller than the critical wind speed,if the average wind speed is used to judge the incipient motion of sand particle,one will underestimate the number of sand particles jumping from the bed,if the instantaneous wind speed is used to judge incipient motion of sand particle,one will overestimate the number of sand particles jumping from the bed;When the average wind speed is larger than the critical wind speed,either the average or the instantaneous wind speeds is used to judge the incipientmotion of sand particles,one will overestimate the number of sand particles jumping from the bed.  相似文献   

14.
Two sets of experiments related to the scour of cohesionless sediment by planar turbulent jets are presented and discussed. The first set of experiments measures the growth of the scour hole and downstream dune as a function of time. Measurements reveal a bedform that is nearly self-similar and whose growth in time is governed by a power-law relationship. The bedform is well represented by three linear segments with slopes near the angle of repose of the sediment. The second set of experiments uses Particle Image Velocimetry to characterize the mean velocity field in the scour hole and above the dune. For this set of experiments, a series of successively larger roughened fixed-bed models was used in place of the mobile bed. The measurements reveal the presence of strong recirculation in the hole and an attached wall jet on the main slope. Discussion of the utility of the present fixed-bed measurements in estimating shear stress along the bed and related application to predictive modeling of hydraulic scour is provided. Discussion of the technical challenges of similar mobile-bed measurements is also given.  相似文献   

15.
砂土孔隙比及所受压力是其力学特性的重要影响因素. 本文基于砂土临界状态线特性分析,采用以e-(p/pa)ξ平面内的线性关系描述其等向压缩线. 通过对比分析两种不同压缩线函数 与临界状态线函数之间的关系提出更适合描述砂土在等向压缩下的参考压缩线,并给出了基于参考压缩线的等向硬化规律. 建议了适用于 描述砂土剪切特性的屈服面函数,并给出利用等向压缩和等p路径确定屈服面形状参数μ的方法. 将不同应力比对应的压缩线作为砂土状态参量参考线,以获取潜在强度Mf与特征状态应力比Mc,进而描述砂土压缩与剪切特性;基于等向压缩与等p路径建立了当前应力比与状态参量参考线之间的相关关系,从而实现了砂土状 态参量参考线由参考压缩线向临界状态线平稳过渡. 建立的砂土本构模型共11个参数,均能够通过常规土工试验或经验获取. 基于模型预测与Toyoura砂的等向压缩、三轴不排水剪切试验及排水剪切试验的对比结果,本文建立的砂土本构模型很好地描述了Toyoura 砂在不同孔隙比和不同压力下的压缩与剪切特性.   相似文献   

16.
This paper introduces an improved formula for the bed‐shear stress by applying the vorticity effect and its application in a 3D flow and sediment model to estimate scouring around bridge piers. Up to now, the sediment transport formulae used for computing pier scour were developed based on the general scouring in unobstructed flow. The capability for numerical models to predict local scour around bridge piers was severely restricted by the sediment transport formulae. The new formula introduced in this paper can take into account vortices that affect the local scour process by adding some terms into the classic bed‐shear stress equation. The 3D numerical model system used in this study consists of three modules: (a) an unsteady hydrodynamic module; (b) a sediment transport module; and (c) a Fation module. The hydrodynamic module is based on the 3D RANS equations. The sediment transport module is comprised of semi empirical models of suspended load and non‐equilibrium bed load. The bed‐deformation module is based on the mass balance for sediment. The model was used to simulate pier scour in tree different test cases: (1) a circular pier; (2) a square pier; and (3) a rectangular pier, by applying the ordinary sediment equation and the newly introduced sediment equation. Results of both numerical simulations were compared against laboratory measured data and also in case 1 with result of Olsen and Melaaen (J. Hydraul. Eng. 1993; 119 (9):1048–1054). Comparisons show that the new sediment formula could predict the scour more accurately than the ordinary one. Copyright © 2010 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.  相似文献   

17.
The internal erosion of pipelines in oil and gas storage and transportation engineering is highly risky. High gas velocity of annular flow entrained sand will cause damage to the pipelines, and may further result in thinning of the wall. If this damage lasts for a long time, it may cause pipeline leakage and cause huge economic losses and environmental problems. In this research, an experimental device for studying multiphase flow erosion is designed, including an erosion loop and an experimental elbow that can test the erosion rate. The annular flow state and pipe wall erosion morphology can also be tested by the device. The computational fluid dynamics (CFD) method is combined with the experiment to further study the annular flow erosion mechanism in the pipeline. The relationship between gas-liquid-solid distribution and erosion profile was studied. The results show that the most eroded region occurs between 22.5° and 45° in the axial angle direction and between 90° and 135° in the circumferential angle direction of the elbow. The pits and deep scratches form on the surface of the sample after the sand collision.  相似文献   

18.
桥梁建设改变了河流的边界条件、水流条件和河床泥沙的运动状态,冬季河流中有冰塞出现时则产生相互影响作用.近年来,基于冰塞稳定性力学分析,开展了桥墩影响下冰塞稳定性研究,所得桥墩影响下冰塞稳定性判别公式计算结果和实测资料能够较好得吻合;研究了桥墩对河道卡封以及临界流凌密度的影响,计算得到的临界流凌密度与实验值较为接近;介绍了明流、冰盖下桥墩周围局部冲刷等方面的相关研究工作,得出了冰盖条件下桥墩局部最大冲刷深度的回归经验公式,结果表明该公式具有很好的适用范围.对冰塞条件下桥墩附近局部冲刷问题探索性地开展了试验研究,研究表明,冰塞条件下的局部冲刷与冰盖条件下有着很大不同,不仅冲刷深度要大的多,而且桥墩周围局部冲刷过程与冰塞厚度变化相关.在冰塞条件下,桥墩处的最大冲刷深度和最大冲刷长度均随流速增大而增大,冲刷坑尾部淤积沙丘高度也受到流速的影响.就相关研究难点和今后需要进一步开展的研究工作进行了分析和展望.   相似文献   

19.
A negative lift force (attraction) can be induced on a near-bed pipeline in a horizontal current due to asymmetric flow. This negative lift force has a significant influence on the behaviour of the near-bed pipeline, causing two remarkable failure patterns. One failure pattern is due to stability loss, and the pipeline fully rests on the seabed. The other is due to the excessive stress or deformation even if the pipeline is stable in a position between the original equilibrium position and the seabed. A quantitative method to assess these two failure patterns by combining boundary element and finite element methods is proposed in this paper. This is a nonlinear fluid–structure interaction problem, and an iteration procedure is used herein to solve it. Numerical examples reveal that there exists a critical current velocity, above which the pipeline fails. The relationship between the critical velocity and the distance from the pipeline to the seabed is given.  相似文献   

20.
As is known, fluidization of a bed of solid particles by liquid or gas filtration takes place for certain critical values of the parameters of the filtration regime. The determination of these critical values and the nature of the transition is of interest in connection with the development of fluidization technology in many branches of industry, and also in connection with certain other questions, among which we note the problem of the suspension of a sand plug in an oil well.The two-dimensional fluidization problem has been examined previously [1] as the problem of the limiting equilibrium of a medium which cannot withstand arbitrarily small tensile stresses. This model describes well the behavior of many types of bulk media encountered in practice. However, many cases lie beyond the limits of this model because of the presence of bonding forces between the particles. Bonding may be due to the adhesive forces which arise during the fluidization of fine powders [2, 3], and/or to magnetic and electrostatic forces [3, 4]. Another example is the agglomeration of particles during gas fluidization when small amounts of liquid are injected [5]; still another is the case in which sand particles are surrounded by thin films of oil when a sand plug is suspended in an oil well.In the present paper an extension of the results obtained in [1] is used to examine fluidization of a bed with account taken of the bonding forces between the particles. The two- and three-dimensional problems are studied.  相似文献   

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