子母弹动态抛撒动力学建模及仿真

根据弹丸在舱内运动及出舱后弹丸与炮弹之间的运动特点,建立了完整的子母弹抛撒飞行力学模型.该模型的建立,便于研究活塞式动态抛撒的子母弹的运动特征,以及子弹在舱内和舱外的运动规律.另外,根据所建立的模型和作战性能指标,可以估算燃烧舱内所需要的火药量和舱内受到的压力,从而选取所需的火药量.     

转管炮弹丸运动的研究

弹丸的起始扰动是造成旋转弹丸散布主要因素之一.本文建立了不对称弹丸在旋转挠性线膛炮管内和后效期内运动的动力学模型;导出了弹丸在各期间内的统一的运动微分方程;求得弹丸在各期间内运动的解析公式;从而研究了弹丸的起始扰动;其公式对某弹炮系统的计算结果与实验吻合较好.     

弹头侵彻明胶的运动模型

为探讨弹头在肌肉组织中的运动规律,以明胶作为组织模拟物,结合明胶力学性质,在区别攻角和 偏角的情况下,建立同时考虑水平和垂直方向弹头侵彻明胶的二维运动模型。以7.62mm 普通弹和5.8mm 普通弹为杀伤元,根据龙格-库塔法原理对运动模型进行数值计算。同时,对2种弹丸侵彻明胶实验数据进行 了对比分析。分析结果表明,该二维运动模型能够准确合理的描述2种弹丸侵彻明胶的运动过程,具有一定 通用性,可为弹药设计和战伤救治提供理论参考。     

飞机起落架舱内轮胎爆破压力场测试研究

飞机轮胎爆破压力场分布模型对于飞机轮胎强度计算和起落架舱内防护设计至关重要。本文开展某型飞机起落架舱内轮胎爆破试验研究,利用高频动压传感器测试防护罩上关键点处的压力值,建立了轮胎爆破气流场压力分布模型,最后采用有限元方法对防护罩结构进行数值模拟并与试验结果对比分析。结果发现,航空轮胎爆破时间短暂但威力巨大,起落架舱内轮胎爆破最大压力值随初始压力和爆破距离呈指数关系衰减。根据试验结果分别提出了斜交胎、子午胎的爆破压力场分布模型并对防护罩进行了数值计算,所得应变值与数值结果误差在12%以内,说明所提出的压力场分布模型可用于起落架舱内防护罩设计。本文所提出的试验方法及爆破压力场分布模型为起落架舱内防护设计提供了参考依据。     

弹丸入水特性的SPH计算模拟

应用SPH方法研究弹丸入水过程中的动力学特征。利用拉格朗日形式的N-S方程自编SPH程序,建立弹丸入水的计算模型,赋予相应的材料参数及状态方程,研究弹丸外形、入水速度和角度等因素对入水过程的影响。模拟结果表明:空化泡的形态及发展规律主要由弹丸的运动姿态决定;弹道越稳定,阻力因数就越小,弹丸的存速就越大。SPH方法具有较强的自适应性,适用于研究弹丸入水的流固耦合问题。     

温压炸药爆炸抛撒的运动规律

采用高速运动分析系统观察了高能炸药、含铝炸药和温压炸药爆炸产物抛撒的过程;比较了这3种炸药的爆炸产物抛撒运动及后燃特点,通过比较直观地观察到温压炸药爆炸和后燃2个过程,以及后燃火球的成长历程;根据实验结果确定了温压炸药爆炸产物抛撒半径随时间变化的数学表达式。     

燃爆压裂中压挡液柱运动规律的动力学模型

针对燃爆压裂过程中压挡液柱受冲击运动机理的复杂性,假设火药燃气与压挡液柱存在完全气液 接触界面,采用拉格朗日的微元分析方法,建立了由连续性方程、动量守恒方程、能量守恒方程组成的压挡液 柱运动规律动力学模型,并给出了该模型与火药燃爆模型的耦合数值解法。经程序编制和实例计算表明,在 综合考虑火药燃气对液柱的宏观推动作用、冲击压缩作用、液柱自身的动能分布及管壁对其摩擦阻力的影响 后,火药燃烧过程中气液界面上升高度有限(实例计算不足0.1m),可起到很好的持压作用;但全过程中最高 液柱位移较大(18.9m),水力振荡增效作用明显。研究成果对提高燃爆压裂的数值模拟精度具有一定促进 作用。     

抛撒药壳体对一次起爆型云爆弹威力的影响规律

在对抛撒药壳体的变形及破裂后运动规律进行理论分析的基础上,对2种不同结构的一次起爆型云爆装置进行静爆威力实验,实验结果表明:采用中心起爆抛撒结构时,适度减小中心抛撒药壳体的强度可以提高云爆弹的威力;而采用中心与周边辅助抛撒药同时起爆结构,适度增加抛撒药壳体的强度可以提高云爆弹的威力.     

液体燃料爆炸抛撒近场阶段的数值研究

对液体燃料爆炸抛撒的复杂过程进行简化,建立了近场一维轴对称气相流动的数学模型,给出了变质量运动边界的处理方法,并进行了数值模拟,计算所得r-t曲线与试验曲线有较好的一致性.数值模拟预测了在不同比药量条件下,燃料抛撒近场阶段内重要参量变化与分布情况.     

基于Griffith强度理论的空腔膨胀模型与应用研究

根据混凝土材料受高速冲击时产生大量碎裂的特点,假设其粉碎(塑性)区介质服从Griffith 强度理论,发展了弹丸深侵彻混凝土靶的动态空腔膨胀模型,建立了弹丸深侵彻理论计算公 式. 对比表明：基于Griffith强度理论的球形动态空腔膨胀模型的计算结果与实验数据吻合 较好.     

Interaction and coalescence of multiple simultaneous and non-simultaneous blast waves

Interaction of multiple blast waves can be used to direct energy toward a target while simultaneously reducing collateral damage away from the target area. In this paper, simulations of multiple point source explosives were performed and the resulting shock interaction and coalescence behavior were explored. Three to ten munitions were placed concentrically around the target, and conditions at the target area were monitored and compared to those obtained using a single munition. For each simulation, the energy summed over all munitions was kept constant, while the radial distances between target and munitions and the munition initiation times were varied. Each munition was modeled as a point source explosion. The resulting blast wave propagation and shock front coalescence were solved using the inviscid Euler equations of gas dynamics on overlapping grids employing a finite difference scheme. Results show that multiple munitions can be beneficial for creating extreme conditions at the intended target area; over 20 times higher peak pressure is obtained for ten simultaneous munitions compared to a single munition. Moreover, peak pressure at a point away from the target area is reduced by more than a factor of three.     

成型装药研究新进展

随着装甲技术以及灵巧弹药、多功能弹药和串联战斗部的发展,近期新型成型装药结构、技术及其应用研究活跃,取得了较好的进展。从射流装药、射弹装药、高速杆式弹丸装药3个方面就其新进展和新动向进行了调研、分析,并对成型装药发展趋势及潜在应用进行了评述。     

New tracking algorithm for particle image velocimetry

The cross correlation tracking technique is widely used to analyze image data, in Particle Image Velocimetry (PIV). The technique assumes that the fluid motion, within small regions of the flow field, is parallel over short time intervals. However, actual flow fields may have some distorted motion, such as rotation, shear and expansion. Therefore, if the distortion of the flow field is not negligible, the fluid motion can not be tracked well using the cross correlation technique. In this study, a new algorithm for particle tracking, called the Spring Model technique, has been proposed. The algorithm can be applied to flow fields which exhibit characteristics such as rotation, shear and expansion.The algorithm is based on pattern matching of particle clusters between the first and second image. A particle cluster is composed of particles which are assumed to be connected by invisible elastic springs. Depending on the deformation of the cluster pattern (i.e., the particle positions), the invisible springs have some forces. The smallest force pattern in the second image is the most probable pattern match to the correspondent original pattern in the first image. Therefore, by finding the best matches, particle movements can be tracked between the two images. Three-dimensional flow fields can also be reconstructed with this technique.The effectiveness of the Spring Model technique was verified with synthetic data from both a two-dimensional flow and three-dimensional flow. It showed a high degree of accuracy, even for the three-dimensional calculation. The experimental data from a vortex flow field in a cylinder wake was also measured by the Spring model technique.     

Macroscopic damping model for structural dynamics with random polycrystalline configurations

In this paper the macroscopic damping model for dynamical behavior of the structures with random polycrystalline configurations at micro–nano scales is established.First, the global motion equation of a crystal is decomposed into a set of motion equations with independent single degree of freedom(SDOF) along normal discrete modes, and then damping behavior is introduced into each SDOF motion.Through the interpolation of discrete modes, the continuous representation of damping effects for the crystal is obtained.Second, from energy conservation law the expression of the damping coefficient is derived, and the approximate formula of damping coefficient is given. Next, the continuous damping coefficient for polycrystalline cluster is expressed,the continuous dynamical equation with damping term is obtained, and then the concrete damping coefficients for a polycrystalline Cu sample are shown. Finally, by using statistical two-scale homogenization method, the macroscopic homogenized dynamical equation containing damping term for the structures with random polycrystalline configurations at micro–nano scales is set up.     

Acceleration of a conducting gas in a strong nonstationary electromagnetic field

The problem of nonstationary acceleration of a conducting gas in a channel is solved, together with the problem of a discharge in an electric-circuit. As distinct from other papers, in which the typical solution assumed a thin cluster subject to acceleration, we examine the case in which the gas flow fills the entire channel. The motion of the gas in the channel is examined in one-dimensional formulation, under the assumption that the particle transit time in the channel is small compared to the discharge time and that the electromagnetic force is large compared to the pressure gradient.For impulsive acceleration of the conducting gas, use is made of a discharge with a certain capacitance. Since the (time-variable) resistance of the channel and, consequently, the behavior of the discharge depend upon the channel flow of the conducting gas, the correct solution of the problem of gas acceleration in the induced electromagnetic field can be obtained only by analyzing simultaneously the magnetogasdynamic channel flow and the discharge process in the entire electric circuit. On the other hand, the acceleration of the gas itself is a function of the instantaneous potential difference at the electrodes. Hitherto, such simultaneous solutions were obtained by many investigators under the assumption, proposed in [1], that a channel gas flow may be treated as the motion of a unique narrow cluster, whose length is negligible as compared to the channel length. Experiments and theoretical estimates show, however, that in many cases the conducting gas fills the entire channel length during the acceleration process, so that the assumption of a narrow cluster is not even approximately fulfilled [4, 5].     

Investigation of nonlinear characteristics of the motor-gear transmission system by trajectory-based stability preserving dimension reduction methodology

Gear-motor system is a typically nonlinear system because of many nonlinear factors, such as time-varying meshing stiffness, backlash, and the nonlinear relationship between the electric motor torque and speed. At present, the nonlinear analytical methods can only be used for simplified gear dynamic model. Though the numerical methods can be used for the complicated dynamic model, the quantitative analysis of stability is difficult and rarely conducted. Therefore, a kind of trajectory-based stability preserving dimension reduction (TSPDR) methodology is proposed to investigate nonlinear dynamic characteristics of the gear-motor system. In the TSPDR methodology herein, the complementary cluster center of inertia-relative motion (CCCOI-RM) transformation is chosen and the stability margins are specially defined for distinguishing the stable motion modes of the motor-gear system, to make the TSPDR methodology used in the nonlinear analysis of the gear-motor system. Furthermore, the critical values are obtained for alteration of different motion modes and the nonlinear characteristics of each motion modes are analyzed. At last, combined with modal analysis, the relationship between the stability and resonance of the gear-motor system is revealed.     

室内环境下基于图优化的视觉惯性SLAM方法

基于图优化的即时定位与同步构图(SLAM)方法是在视觉里程计运动估计的基础上通过增加一个回环检测,从而对非线性多约束进行优化来提高定位精度。在视觉运动估计中,针对视觉特征点匹配错误率高的问题,提出了一种ORB特征点聚类抽样匹配跟踪的方法。在位姿图优化上,提出了一种改进型的回环检测方法,减少了两种错误匹配的可能性。最后将视觉SLAM与惯性导航进行组合,提高了系统的稳定性和定位精度。使用公开的室内SLAM测试数据集进行仿真,结果表明,该方法的定位均方根误差在厘米级,生成的点云地图清晰可见。     

Mechanism in pneumotransport of the fibroid substance

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Mass transfer to particle clusters and bubbles in a fluidized bed at low Reynolds numbers

The process of mass transfer to a particle cluster or bubble rising in a developed fluidized bed rapidly enough for a region of closed circulation of the fluidizing agent (cloud) to be formed is investigated in the Stokes approximation on the basis of a model of the steady-state motion of the fluid and solid phases near the cluster or bubble [1]. Within the cloud surroundinga local inhomogeneity of the fluidized bed intense mixing of the fluid phase takes place and the mass transfer between the cloud and the surrounding medium is determined by diffusion. The method of matched asymptotic expansions is used to obtain an analytic solution of the problem of the concentration field and the diffusion mass flux to the surface of the cloud at small and large values of the Péclet number. The latter is determined from the relative velocity of the cluster, the radius of the cloud, and the effective diffusion coefficient. In the limiting case of zero concentration of the solid phase within the cluster the solution obtained describes the mass transfer to a bubble in the fluidized bed. A comparison is made with the corresponding results previously obtained within the framework of a model of the solid phase as an inviscid fluid [2]. It is shown that the effect of viscosity on the mass transfer to the bubble is most important at large Péclet numbers, and that the correction to the total diffusion flux to the surface of the closed circulation zone due to viscosity effects may reach 40%.Translated from Izvestiya Akademii Nauk SSSR, Mekhanika Zhidkosti i Gaza, No. 4, pp. 60–67, July–August, 1986.