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1.
人体维持平衡主要依靠前庭、视觉及本体感觉3个系统的相互协调来完成,其中前庭系统最为重要.因其结构细微且位置深在,传统方法难以满足现代前庭医学定位、定性、定量的研究需要,而生物数值模拟研究方法在现代耳科学研究中优势显著.建立精准的生物数值模型是其重点之一.本研究通过连续组织切片技术获取豚鼠内耳膜性结构的二维解剖数据,进一步建立同时包括前庭和3个半规管的宏观三维生物数值模型,其空间结构特征及尺寸与解剖学观察一致;数值模拟临床医学冷热实验,量化描述了不同环境温度激励下半规管内壶腹嵴顶位移、速度和压强等参数随时间变化的生物力学特征,其与临床观察到的眼震结果一致.总之,通过连续组织切片技术获取内耳膜性结构二维解剖数据并据此建立内耳三维生物数值模型的研究方法可行,所建立的生物模型可满足前庭-半规管平衡功能定位、定性、定量的研究需要.  相似文献   

2.
基于电场-化学场-机械场耦合作用机理,采用数值模拟方法,建立了 RC 模拟电路,分析了IPMC 在外加电压场作用下模拟参数对电流和电流积分的影响;采用标准三参数模型模拟 Nafion膜线黏弹性力学行为,得到了随时间衰减的杨氏模量表达式。分析结果表明:膜内电流积分是一个决定性因素,它直接控制着膜内钠离子的迁移运动;电容增大时,膜内电流积分增大,从而加速了膜内钠离子的迁移运动,同时宏观位移也随之增大;电阻增大时,膜内电流积分与宏观位移均随之减小。引入静电应力作为初始应力,对悬臂梁挠曲变形进行了细观分析,结果表明其最大挠曲变形的旋转角可达到24°。  相似文献   

3.
编纂《生物工程手册》的意图,是对生物工程中意义最重大的诸多课题做出最新评述.本手册包含41章,每章都由该方面的公认权威撰写.目录附于本书评之后. 这样一部大著如何取材选题颇为困难,不可避免地会反映编者的兴趣.本手册的重点是生物力学.对硬组织和软组织的力学,心血管系统力学,肺力学和矫形力学论述得详尽透彻.也包含了一般人较生疏的若干应用,例如耳蜗力学,子宫力学和前庭力学. 这并非说本书取材范围只限于生物力学诸课题.也有几章专门讲人工器官、测量技术等  相似文献   

4.
引入系统级旋转自补偿技术可以提高惯性导航系统的精度,该技术是指对整个IMU施加旋转运动从而改变元器件的工作方式,使元件误差得到调制,在进行积分时调制后的误差在一个周期内得到抵消.在捷联式惯导系统中,当载体处于动态时,标度因数误差和安装误差与惯性传感器的输出产生耦合,旋转调制对系统的补偿效果将受到影响.改进的途径一是提高元件标度因数稳定性,减小系统安装误差角;二是隔离载体运动,即减小陀螺仪和加速度计的输出值.本文通过对比分析在静态和动态条件下双轴连续旋转调制式惯导的误差方程,解释了载体运动对旋转调制效果的影响机理,并通过数字仿真验证了载体运动对系统补偿效果的影响.分析和仿真发现,在静态和动态条件下旋转调制都可以提高系统的精度,而在静态条件下或者在通过环架结构隔离了载体运动后旋转调制的效果相对于动态下有较为明显的提高.  相似文献   

5.
耳是人体重要的听觉器官. 人耳是一个典型的在声波激励下的传导振动,继而将振动转变成听神经纤维的脉冲发放结构. 建立完整有效的人耳结构生物力学模型,研究它的生物动力学行为,有助于我们认识和分析人耳的传音及感音机理,研究人耳病理状态下和手术后的传声及感音机制的变化,进一步为研究相关临床疾病的生物力学机制提供理论依据. 本文总结了人耳听力系统生物力学模型及临床应用的研究进展,并展望了今后的研究工作.  相似文献   

6.
表面亲润性对限量供油润滑影响的研究   总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1  
臧淑燕  郭峰  李超 《摩擦学学报》2017,37(4):429-434
利用面接触润滑油膜测量系统,研究了固液界面亲和性对限量供油润滑的影响.试验中以静止的微型钢滑块和旋转的光学透明圆盘形成流体动压润滑薄膜.结果表明:在表面能较高的圆盘面上润滑油均匀铺展,润滑膜厚随供油体积的增加而增加.当盘面表面能较低时润滑油因反润湿以离散油滴的形式分布,供油体积较低时形成膜厚较高.对于试验中采用的最低供油量,表面能较低的盘面产生较高的膜厚.试验观察到的现象与润滑剂在润滑表面的分布有关.  相似文献   

7.
多体系统中深沟球轴承旋转铰内接触分析   总被引:2,自引:0,他引:2  
将传统方法用于铰内接触分析时,需要通过物体的相对运动细节判断接触位置. 但实际机械系统中的铰,其内部缝隙非常小以至于几乎与计算误差的数量级相同. 在这种情况下,传统方法中的数值病态非常严重,难以得到合理的结果. 结合深沟球轴承旋转铰的构造细节,分析了钢球与轨道接触时运动学描述参数之间的关系、钢球在有效承载时的受力特征以及铰内接触形式的特点. 在此基础上,提出了一种确定多体系统中深沟球轴承旋转铰内接触力和接触位置的方法. 所提方法不需要解除铰的运动学约束,也不必求解非线性互补方程,因此在数值稳定性和计算效率方面具有优势. 数值算例验证了该方法的可行性.  相似文献   

8.
眼是光转换的视觉器官, 通常考虑将其作为一个生物力学结构. 眼睛是眼内肌和眼 外肌产生压力的系统, 具有复杂的内血管系统,产生流体和溶合物的传导系统. 从生物力学角 度看, 眼存在固体生物力学、流体生物力学和生物传输等问题. 本综述中, 介绍眼睛有意义 的生物固体力学各方面研究成果及尚待解决的问题, 其研究对象为巩膜、角巩膜、角膜、视 网膜、筛板以及眼调节和老花. 回顾测量巩膜力学性质和角巩膜应力-应变性质模型的有关 研究成果, 然后论述这些研究成果的应用. 巩膜力学另一重要应用是对近视的了解, 即眼的轴长过长使长距离光线不能够清晰聚焦于视 网膜而引起近视. 角膜生物力学一个显著的应用是预测激光切开剖面手术, 它将使屈光角膜手术达到最 优的术后视敏度. 筛板是眼中最具有生物力学研究兴趣的组织之一, 它是跨过巩膜管的多孔 的结缔组织. 推导出青光眼的 视神经病的力学理论.证据表明围绕着睫状肌的结蹄组织发生变化可能妨碍它的自由收缩的 能力, 因此老花的病理学原因可能是多因素的.  相似文献   

9.
泄爆过程中外部爆炸现象的实验研究   总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1  
崔东明  杜志敏 《力学学报》2006,38(3):371-380
采用压力测量与YA-16 高速阴影系统同步测量方法,对柱型容器内甲烷-空气混合气体的燃烧及泄爆过程进行实验 研究. 获得正常泄爆和发生外部爆炸(也称二次爆炸)时泄爆外流场压力-时间曲线和流场 阴影照片. 结果表明:泄爆过程中发生外部爆炸的典型特征为, 在压力-时间曲线上,破膜激 波形成的第一个压力峰值后出现外部爆炸形成的第二个压力峰值,在流场阴影照片上,破膜 激波后有第二道爆炸波出现.  相似文献   

10.
在长期交通载荷作用下土体塑性累积变形本构模型对路基沉降计算至为关键.元件组合模型可以计算岩土体循环累积应变,但现有的各类元件模型未能反映饱和软黏土的主应力轴循环旋转现象.在对饱和软黏土进行等向固结条件下的主应力轴循环旋转加载试验及非等向固结下的循环扭剪试验基础上,将Abel黏壶代替Burgers模型中的Newton黏壶,得到分数阶Burgers模型;利用遗传算法优化循环塑性累积应变的Burgers模型和分数阶Burgers模型的参数,通过对比两组模型的计算值与试验值,发现分数阶模型更适合模拟计算循环载荷下饱和软黏土的累积变形.  相似文献   

11.
A mathematical model of calculating rotordynamic coefficients associated with leakage steam flow through labyrinth seals was presented. Particular attention was given to incorporating thermal properties of the steam fluid into prediction of leakage flow and subsequent derivation of rotordynamic coefficients, which quantitatively characterize influence of aerodynamic forcing of the leakage steam flow on the rotordynamics. By using perturbation analysis, we determined periodic and analytic solutions of the continuity and circumferential momentum equations for the time-dependent flow induced by non-axisymmetric rotation of the rotor encompassed by a labyrinth seal. Pressure distributions along labyrinth seal cavities and rotordynamic coefficients were compared at the same condition for air and steam flows. Influence of steam flow through the labyrinth seal cavities on rotordynamic coefficients was analyzed in terms of inlet pressure, inlet swirl velocity and rotor speed.  相似文献   

12.
A digital tracer technique is applied to reconstruct the velocity fields in a convective flow developing in a rectangular cavity filled with a layer of fluid and having a bottom consisting of two heat exchangers kept at different temperatures. The upper boundary of the fluid is free. The structure of the secondary flows in the form of streamwise helicoidal rolls generated in the boundary layer over a hot plate is studied. It is shown that the centers of roll rotation coincide with temperature minima in the boundary layer, while the roll shape and dimensions vary with the distance from the temperature jump. With increase in the temperature difference the roll dimensions decrease but the velocity of their rotation increases.  相似文献   

13.
阻旋栅对梳齿密封动静特性影响研究   总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1  
阻旋栅可改变密封进口流体周向流动与进口预旋,是提高系统稳定性的主要方法之一. 本文作者应用计算流体力学方法研究了阻旋栅几何参数对梳齿密封动静特性的影响,计算分析了阻旋栅在不同长度、间隙、周向个数及不同进口预旋比下密封流场分布与动力特性系数,并与无阻旋栅梳齿密封进行对比. 研究表明:阻旋栅能够有效抑制密封进口周向流动、降低密封腔室周向压力;随着阻旋栅周向个数与阻旋栅间隙的减小,其抑制效果增强,阻旋栅长度的增加对周向速度影响则越来越小;提高预旋比将使密封内流体周向速度增加. 与传统梳齿密封相比,具有阻旋栅的梳齿密封直接阻尼增加,交叉刚度降低,进而有效阻尼提高. 阻旋栅间隙s=0.20 mm、长度l=3.25 mm、数量n=90时密封有效阻尼较大,系统稳定性最好.   相似文献   

14.
An expression is obtained for the angular velocity of a spherical dispersed particle in a viscous fluid in an external vortex field with an harmonic time dependence. This expression is then used for investigating a system of two rotating dispersed particles whose rotation is the result of the interaction of the particles in the field of an incident sound wave. It is found that such a system possesses a rather interesting nontrivial property: under certain conditions it has a resonant frequency at which the rotation of the particles relative to the fluid is most intense.Translated from Izvestiya Rossiiskoi Akademii Nauk, Mekhanika Zhidkosti i Gaza, No.4, pp. 186–188, July–August, 1992.  相似文献   

15.
This work considers the internal flow of an incompressible viscous fluid contained in a rectangular duct subject to a rotation. A direct velocity–pressure algorithm in primitive variables with a Neumann condition for the pressure is employed. The spatial discretization is made with finite central differences on a staggered grid. The pressure and velocity fields are directly updated without any iteration. Numerical simulations with several Reynolds numbers and rotation rates were performed for ducts of aspect ratios 2:1 and 8:1. Copyright © 2005 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.  相似文献   

16.
This paper presents a computational fluid–structure interaction analysis for free movements with a flapping wing in a quiescent fluid. We demonstrated the moving velocity of a flapping wing according to the phase difference between the angle of attack and the positional angle in the case of a fruit fly with a Reynolds number of 136. If we considered the moving velocity of the flapping wing, the physics were different from that of hovering flight of previous studies, which did not consider the propulsive velocity and presented the advanced rotation of the angle of attack as the best mechanism for propulsion force, as compared to symmetric rotation and delayed rotation. We found that symmetric rotation produced a better propulsion velocity with less fluctuation in other direction than the advanced rotation. The hairpin vortex generated at the end of a stroke did not clearly contribute to the enhancement of propulsion; the wake capture is considered to be one of the main enhancements of the advanced rotation in a previous studies. We studied the effects of the angle of attack to determine why the fruit fly uses a large angle of attack during a constant angle of attack period. Larger angles of attack produced greater propulsion velocities. Further, larger angles of attack did not generate greater peak force during the rotation of the angle of attack at the reversal of stroke, but they produced less fluctuation at the reversal of the stroke and greater force during the constant angle of attack period.  相似文献   

17.
This paper addresses the use of different slotted pores in rotating membrane emulsification technology. Pores of square and rectangular shapes were studied to understand the effect of aspect ratio (1-3.5) and their orientation on oil droplet formation. Increasing the membrane rotation speed decreased the droplet size, and the oil droplets produced were more uniform using slotted pores as compared to circular geometry. At a given rotation speed, the droplet size was mainly determined by the pore size and the fluid velocity of oil through the pore (pore fluid velocity). The ratio of droplet diameter to the equivalent diameter of the slotted pore increased with the pore fluid velocity. At a given pore fluid velocity and rotation speed, pore orientation significantly influences the droplet formation rate: horizontally disposed pores (with their longer side perpendicular to the membrane axis) generate droplets at double the rate of vertically disposed pores. This work indicates practical benefits in the use of slotted membranes over conventional methods.  相似文献   

18.
中医正脊治疗通过对腰椎施加瞬态拉伸和旋转来治疗腰椎间盘退变, 本文采用考虑流固耦合效应的数值模拟研究其生物力学机制. 通过实验测量和文献调研, 确定了合理的拉伸和旋转的载荷参数; 发展了使用人体断层扫描图像结合解剖学数据建立详细腰椎几何模型的方法; 将松质骨、终板、椎间盘考虑为多孔弹性介质, 其他组织考虑为线性弹性介质, 进而建立了考虑生物组织中流固耦合效应的物理模型; 通过数值模拟得到了不同瞬态载荷及其组合作用下椎间盘内应力?应变与流体流动的变化规律. 研究发现, 瞬态载荷通过改变L4/L5椎间盘基质应力和髓核内外压力梯度, 在髓核中产生流体流动; 拉伸加载引起流体先流出髓核、再流入髓核, 产生含水量变化; 顺时针旋转加载在髓核左右产生相反的流动, 髓核右侧的含水量变化较左侧大. 本研究所采用的方法为流动过程相关的人体椎间盘退变病理生理机制研究提供了新的方法, 为中医正脊研究提供科学化思路, 也为相关的力学-生物学耦合研究和髓核再生的基础研究提供了一个切入点.   相似文献   

19.
An asymptotic analysis has been performed for the magnetohydrodynamic flow between perfectly conducting concentric cylindrical shells. The flow in the model geometry exhibits all the features which had been discovered in the past for the case of differentially rotating spherical shells considered in the context of geophysical analyses. For strong magnetic fields, the flow domain splits into distinct subregions and exhibits two different types of cores which are separated from each other by a tangent shear layer. The fluid in the inner core flows similar to a solid-body rotation and the outer core is entirely stagnant. With increasing magnetic fields the shear layer becomes thinner and, since the flow rate carried by the layer asymptotes to a finite value, the velocity in the layer increases as the layer thickness decreases. Moreover, the flux carried by the layer rotates in opposite direction compared with the rotation of the body. It is shown that the rotating jet is driven by the electric potential difference between the edges of the inner and the outer core.  相似文献   

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