基于舌/上颚微间隙下流体流动行为研究

为探讨口腔环境下流体的流动行为，采用数值方法与流变试验深入研究舌/上颚微间隙下流体流量的影响因素. 建立舌/上颚微间隙的简化模型及Reynolds方程，通过数值方法获取微间隙下流量变化；在DHR-2流变仪上研究非牛顿流体的黏度与剪切率的变化，探讨牛顿流体和非牛顿流体的流量影响. 结果表明:牛顿流体流量平方的倒数同载荷和黏度比值和时间均呈线性函数关系；所制备的非牛顿流体近似为幂律流体，其黏度随脂肪含量的增加而增大，而非牛顿流体流量率先高于后低于等效牛顿流体，其研究结果将为特定人群功能产品的研发提供技术支持.      

电流动聚焦中非牛顿流体射流影响因素的实验研究

在一套流动聚焦装置上加载高压直流电场形成电流动聚焦,并开展了非牛顿流体带电射流的不稳定性特性实验研究。实验在自行设计的装置系统上完成,获得了电流动聚焦中非牛顿流体射流的流动状态,考察了不同控制参数下射流形态的变化。结果表明,由于非牛顿流体具有粘弹性,与牛顿流体相比,非牛顿流体带电射流体现了更复杂的流动特点。这些实验结果为我们理解复杂条件下非牛顿流体射流的流动机理提供了参考,也有助于深入的实验分析和理论研究奠定了基础。     

基于载荷分担理论的渐开线斜齿轮热混合弹流润滑分析

沿接触线把斜齿轮分成许多小薄片,每一薄片看成具有当量角速度的直齿轮,根据欧拉方程得到任一接触点处的曲率半径和表面速度.然后基于载荷分担、弹流润滑和粗糙线接触理论,建立了考虑表面粗糙度的斜齿轮传动混合热弹流润滑模型.研究了斜齿轮传动稳态载荷分布下牛顿流体和Carreau流体时的润滑特性.结果表明:牛顿流体和Carreau非牛顿流体模型下,中心油膜厚度、油膜承载比例、油膜温升随时间和接触线的变化规律相同.牛顿流体下的摩擦系数较工程实际偏大.Carreau非牛顿流体模型下摩擦系数和工程实际相符,其随接触线啮合位置的变化规律与油膜厚度正好相反.     

奇妙的非牛顿流体

本文介绍了在工业生产和日常生活中常遇到的形形色色的非牛顿流体，以及非牛顿流体一些奇妙的性能及应用．     

非牛顿流体固粒悬浮流的若干问题

非牛顿流体固粒悬浮流具有广泛的应用背景,其特殊的流动属性使其成为一些新兴技术领域的核心突破点.同时,该流动又比较复杂,即便是在低固粒浓度的情况下,非牛顿流体特性也会对整个系统的微结构产生重要的影响,从而进一步影响固粒的运动.本文给出了非牛顿流体方程、固粒运动方程和非牛顿流体固粒悬浮流的特征参数,分析了这些参数的作用;阐述了单个固粒在管道中的径向移动、多固粒的相互作用和聚集、多固粒形成的链状结构以及非圆球固粒运动等方面的研究成果、结果分析以及尚未解决的问题,并对以上问题进行了总结和展望,给出了需要深入研究的具体问题和内容,旨在为进一步的研究提供参考和依据.     

基于表面凹陷现象的非牛顿热弹流润滑分析

求出了非牛顿流体点接触热弹流润滑问题的完全数值解，并对玻璃一钢点接触的表面凹陷现象进行了理论及实验分析,结果表明：牛顿流体模型过高地估计了温度-粘度楔效应，而Ree-Eyring非牛顿流体模型能更好地解释温度-粘度楔效应．     

注塑成型充模过程的温度场计算

对注塑成型过程中充填阶段的非等温效应的数值模拟进行了研究 ,模拟了非牛顿流体在任意形状型腔内的流动。这里 ,数学模型是基于非牛顿流体在非等温状态下的广义 Hele-Shaw流动 ,利用有限元 /有限差分混合数值方法求解流场中的压力和温度分布     

非牛顿流体弹性径向渗流近似解

为了提高原油产量,油潴工程日益广泛地采用"将非牛顿流体(如聚合物溶液、乳化液等)注入到油层中"的新工艺。注蒸汽驱油将产生天然乳化液渗流。因此需要研究非牛顿流体弹性渗流。虽然文献[1]和[2]给出了"非牛顿流体弹性径向渗流模型及其线性化后的解",但 ...     

梁系统振动的传递矩阵法

<正> 1.引言传递矩阵法在机械振动问题中被广泛采用,也是中外学者几乎在所有有关机械振动的教科书和学术专著中加以讨论的问题.但通常的传递矩阵法,要么取分布质量模型,要么取集中质量模型,似乎忽视了两种传递矩阵方法的有机结合,未能充分发挥传递矩阵法在振动分析中的作用.本文试图将集中质量和分布质量模型的传递矩阵结合起来,     

基于分形导数对非牛顿流体层流的数值研究

非牛顿流体具有复杂的流变特性,揭示该流变特性可以更加合理地指导非牛顿流体在工农业生产中的应用.经典的非牛顿流体本构模型往往形式复杂,仅能应用于某些特定的情况.分数阶导数模型具有参数少和形式简单的特点,己成功地应用于描述非牛顿流体的运动.Hausdorff分形导数作为一个备选的建模方法,相比分数阶导数具有更简单的形式以及更高的计算效率.本文基于Hausdorff分形导数改进现有牛顿黏性模型,提出分形黏壶模型.通过研究分形黏壶在常应变率下表观黏度的变化情况,以及在加、卸载条件下的蠕变及恢复特性,发现分形黏壶模型适合于描述具有黏弹性的非牛顿流体(本文称之为分形流体).结合连续性方程及运动微分方程,推导出分形流体在平行板间层流的基本方程.按是否拖动上板和是否存在水平的压力梯度分为3种工况,分别用数值方法计算这3种工况下流速在板间的分布及其随时间变化的情况.通过分析不同工况下的流速分布,发现水平的压力梯度会改变流速随时间变化的形状,且会推迟流速到达稳定的时间.在水平压力梯度不存在的情况下,不同阶数的分形流体具有相同的流速分布或是演变过程.另外,在水平压力梯度存在的情况下,上板速度不影响不同阶数分形流体间稳定速度的差值.     

Free convection through conducting non-Newtonian fluids over a thin axisymmetric body

An analysis of free convection heat transfer in electrically conducting power law non-Newtonian fluid over a thin axisymmetric body of constant temperature is carried out. The uniform external magnetic field acts normally to the surface through the induced boundary layer. In view of the fact that most of the non-Newtonian fluids have large Prandtl number, the momentum equation is simplified. The equations of conservation of mass, momentum and energy which govern and describe the flow and heat transfer are solved numerically. The effect of the magnetic field on the velocity, temperature, the coefficient of friction and the Nusselt number are investigated. Numerical results are tabulated, presented graphically and discussed.     

An analysis for forced convection heat transfer from external surfaces to non-Newtonian fluids

A theoretical analysis has been proposed for the forced convection heat transfer from external surfaces immersed in non-Newtonian fluids of the power-law model. The integral treatment previously introduced for Newtonian fluids has been successfully extended to the non-Newtonian fluids over a flat plate and a wedge of an arbitrary included angle. The integral momentum and energy equations are transformed into a pair of characteristic equations, which can readily be solved for the velocity shape factor and the boundary layer thickness ratio, once the exponents in the expressions for the power-law model, free stream velocity and wall temperature variation are specified. It has been also found that an asymptotic expression derived under the assumption of large Prandtl number, is valid practically for all power-law fluids, and hence, can be used for a speedy, and yet accurate estimation of the local heat transfer to non-Newtonian fluids.     

Mass transfer from small capillaries with wall resistance in the laminar flow regime

The Graetz problem in heat transfer is extended to the analysis of mass transfer in circular ducts for the cases where wall resistance is included and where non-Newtonian fluids that obey Casson's equation are considered. The eigenvalues and fluid bulk coefficients are presented for the fluid between the extremes of Newtonian and slug flow. It is found that for fluids which are only slightly non-Newtonian, such as blood, which is closely approximated by Casson's equation, the mass transfer rate can be predicted by Newtonian fluid analysis without appreciable error. Some experimental results give support to the theory.     

Studies on heat transfer to Newtonian and non-Newtonian fluids in agitated vessel

Heat transfer studies to Newtonian and non-Newtonian fluids are carried out in a stirred vessel fitted with anchor/turbine impeller and a coil for heating/cooling with an objective of determining experimentally the heat transfer coefficient of few industrially important systems namely castor oil and its methyl esters, soap solution, CMC and chalk slurries. The effect of impeller geometry, speed and aeration is investigated. Generalized Reynolds and Prandtl numbers are calculated using an apparent viscosity for non-Newtonian fluids. The data is correlated using a Sieder–Tate type equation. A trend of increase in heat transfer coefficient with RPM in presence and absence of solids has been observed. Relatively high values of Nusselt numbers are obtained for non-Newtonian fluids when aeration is coupled with agitation. The contribution of natural convection to heat transfer has been accounted for by incorporating the Grashof number. The correlations developed based on these studies are applied for design of commercial scale soponification reactor. Power per unit volume resulted in reliable design of a reactor.     

Studies on transport phenomena in polymer solutions and suspensions flowing through tubes of tortuous wall geometry

Attempts have been made to analyse the momentum and heat transfer characteristics in tortuous flow of non-Newtonian fluids such as suspensions and polymer solutions through tubes of diverging–converging geometry. The results of the study indicate that the transfer coefficients are significantly higher in such systems as compared to the conventional couette flow (through uniform cylindrical tubes). Moreover, the simultaneous increase in pressure drop due to the tortuous wall geometry has been observed to be relatively insignificant. Fluids with different rheological characteristics such as Bingham plastic fluids, pseudoplastic fluids, Ellis model fluids and fluids obeying Reiner–Philippoff rheology have been studied. The specific advantages of these geometries in providing enhanced performance efficiency have been effectively highlighted.     

Mixed convection effects on heat and mass transfer in a non Newtonian fluid with chemical reaction over a vertical plate

This paper studies mixed convection, double dispersion and chemical reaction effects on heat and mass transfer in a non-Darcy non-Newtonian fluid over a vertical surface in a porous medium under the constant temperature and concentration. The governing boundary layer equations, namely, momentum, energy and concentration, are converted to ordinary differential equations by introducing similarity variables and then are solved numerically by means of fourth-order Runge-Kutta method coupled with double-shooting technique. The velocity, temperature concentration, heat and mass transfer profiles are presented graphically for various values of the parameters, and the influence of viscosity index n, thermal and solute dispersion, chemical reaction parameter χ are observed.     

Free convection in non-newtonian fluids along a horizontal plate in a porous medium

A similarity solution is presented for the problem of free convection boundary layer in power-law type non-Newtonian fluids along a horizontal plate with variable wall temperature or heat flux distribution. The effects of surface mass transfer are included. Numerical results are presented for the details of the velocity and temperature fields. A discussion is provided for the effect of viscosity index on the surface heat transfer rate.     

Heat transfer for non-Newtonian laminar flow in internally finned pipes with uniform temperature

An analysis is presented for fully developed laminar convective heat transfer of non-Newtonian power-law fluids in pipes with internal longitudinal fins and uniform outside wall temperature. The governing momentum and energy equations have been solved numerically, with the influence of fin conductance. The distributions of fin temperature, fluid temperature and local heat flux (both at finned and unfinned surfaces) are presented. These are shown to be strongly dependent on finned pipe geometry, fluid flow behavior index and the fin conductance. Values of overall Nusselt number indicated significant heat transfer enhancement over finless pipes. The flow behavior index affects the no. of fins which maximizes the overall Nusselt number.     

Soret and Dufour effect on double diffusion mixed convection from a vertical surface in a porous medium saturated with a non-Newtonian fluid

A non-similar boundary layer analysis is presented to study the flow, heat and mass transfer characteristics of non-Darcian mixed convection of a non-Newtonian fluid from a vertical isothermal plate embedded in a homogeneous porous medium with the effect of Soret and Dufour and in the presence of either surface injection or suction. The value of the mixed-convection parameter lies between 0 and 1. In addition, the power-law model is used for non-Newtonian fluids with exponent n < 1 for pseudoplastics n = 1 for Newtonian fluids and n > 1 for dilatant fluids. Furthermore, the coordinates and dependent variables are transformed to yield computationally efficient numerical solutions that are valid over the entire range of mixed convection, from the pure forced-convection limit to the pure free-convection limit, and the whole domain of non-Newtonian fluids, from pseudoplastics to dilatant fluids. The numerical solution of the problem is derived using a Runge–Kutta integration scheme with Newton–Raphson shooting technique. Distributions for velocity, temperature and concentration, as well as for the rate of wall heat and mass transfer, have been obtained and discussed for various physical parametric values.     

Non-Newtonian laminar boundary-layer heat transfer in stirred tanks

 A laminar boundary-layer heat transfer in a jacketed, stirred tank with non-Newtonian fluids has been experimentally and theoretically examined. Heat transfer rates from jacket to process liquid through the stirred tank wall were measured for different large-scale impeller designs and rheological properties. On the basis of the laminar boundary-layer theory, we developed a theoretical correlation for non-Newtonian laminar tank-side film heat transfer coefficients in stirred tanks. The correlation was derived using von Karman's integral technique. Satisfactory agreement between the predictions of the proposed correlation and the present experimental data for viscous Newtonian and non-Newtonian laminar heat transfer in stirred tanks was obtained. Received on 20 February 2001 / Published online: 29 November 2001