偏心轮机构时变热弹流润滑问题分析

采用多重网格技术对偏心轮-挺杆副的热弹流润滑问题进行了数值模拟,给出了该问题的完全数值解,比较了等温解和热解,分析了反向运动对油膜压力和厚度的影响,并采用"温度-粘度楔"机理进行解释,着重阐述了在零卷吸速度条件下的压力、膜厚、温度和流速分布.数值模拟计算结果表明,在偏心轮-挺杆工作的一个周期内,热效应的影响不可忽略;零卷吸速度时,接触区温升很高,接近两固体表面的流体呈现出不流动状态,此状态归因于特定的温度和卷吸速度条件.     

考虑热弹性变形的角接触球轴承微观热弹流分析

运用点接触热弹性流体动压润滑理论,考虑了润滑油膜温升变化引起的角接触球轴承中滚珠和内圈接触表面的热弹性变形和表面随机粗糙度的影响,提出了一种计入热弹性变形和随机粗糙度影响的角接触球轴承热弹性流体动压润滑分析方法.该方法通过将热弹性变形进行热力转换,得到了滚珠和内圈接触表面的材料线热膨胀系数,计算修正了滚珠和内圈表面因油膜温度场变化引起的热弹性变形,求得了计入热弹性变形和表面粗糙度后的油膜压力、油膜厚度、油膜温升以及热弹性变形等主要润滑特性,研究了内圈转速、滑滚比和滚珠数量的变化对油膜厚度和油膜压力的影响规律,结果表明:最大热弹性变形量与最小油膜厚度处在同一量级,并且内圈转速、滑滚比和滚珠数量的变化对油膜厚度和压力会产生明显的影响.进一步对比分析了几种算法下的最小膜厚,验证了计入热弹性变形的数值算法的可行性.     

磁-电-弹性半空间在轴对称热载荷作用下的三维问题研究

考虑力-电-磁-热等多场耦合作用, 基于线性理论给出了磁-电-弹性半空间在表面轴对称温度载荷作用下的热-磁-电-弹性分析, 并得到了问题的解析解. 利用Hankel 积分变换法求解了磁-电-弹性材料中的热传导及控制方程, 讨论了在磁-电-弹性半空间在边界表面上作用局部热载荷时的混合边值问题, 利用积分变换和积分方程技术, 通过在边界表面上施加应力自由及磁-电开路条件, 推导得到了磁-电-弹性半空间中位移、电势及磁势的积分形式的表达式. 获得了磁-电-弹性半空间中温度场的解析表达式并且给出了应力, 电位移和磁通量的解析解. 数值计算结果表明温度载荷对磁-电-弹性场的分布有显著影响. 当温度载荷作用的圆域半径增大时, 最大正应力发生的位置会远离半无限大体的边界; 反之当温度载荷作用的圆域半径减小时, 最大应力发生的位置会靠近半无限大体的边界. 电场和磁场在温度载荷作用的圆域内在边界表面附近有明显的强化, 而磁-电-弹性场强化区域的强化程度跟温度载荷的大小和作用区域大小相关. 本研究的相关结果对智能材料和结构在热载荷作用下的设计和制造具有指导意义.      

THREE-DIMENSIONAL ANALYSIS OF A MAGNETOELECTROELASTIC HALF-SPACE UNDER AXISYMMETRIC TEMPERATURE LOADING 1)

考虑力-电-磁-热等多场耦合作用, 基于线性理论给出了磁-电-弹性半空间在表面轴对称温度载荷作用下的热-磁-电-弹性分析, 并得到了问题的解析解. 利用Hankel 积分变换法求解了磁-电-弹性材料中的热传导及控制方程, 讨论了在磁-电-弹性半空间在边界表面上作用局部热载荷时的混合边值问题, 利用积分变换和积分方程技术, 通过在边界表面上施加应力自由及磁-电开路条件, 推导得到了磁-电-弹性半空间中位移、电势及磁势的积分形式的表达式. 获得了磁-电-弹性半空间中温度场的解析表达式并且给出了应力, 电位移和磁通量的解析解. 数值计算结果表明温度载荷对磁-电-弹性场的分布有显著影响. 当温度载荷作用的圆域半径增大时, 最大正应力发生的位置会远离半无限大体的边界; 反之当温度载荷作用的圆域半径减小时, 最大应力发生的位置会靠近半无限大体的边界. 电场和磁场在温度载荷作用的圆域内在边界表面附近有明显的强化, 而磁-电-弹性场强化区域的强化程度跟温度载荷的大小和作用区域大小相关. 本研究的相关结果对智能材料和结构在热载荷作用下的设计和制造具有指导意义.     

润滑状态下球-盘点接触摩擦副的低速轻载滑滚特性研究

选用镀Cr膜的玻璃盘和GCr15球作为摩擦副,在NGY-6纳米润滑膜测量仪上开展球-盘点接触摩擦副在润滑状态下的低速轻载滑滚特性试验,研究不同接触应力、钢球转速、滑滚比等参数对摩擦副的摩擦系数及对应油膜厚度的影响规律.结果表明:当接触应力和钢球转速一定时,摩擦系数随滑滚比的增大逐渐增加后达到稳定状态,当滑滚比较大时,滑滚比的变化对油膜厚度几乎没有影响;当滑滚比一定时,摩擦系数随接触应力的增大逐渐增大,随钢球转速的增大逐渐减小,油膜厚度随接触应力的增大逐渐减小,随钢球转速的增大逐渐增大.摩擦副在弹流润滑状态下,摩擦系数的增加幅度随接触应力的变化较小,而在薄膜润滑状态下,其增加幅度变大.摩擦副在薄膜润滑状态下,当滑滚比在0.10~0.50变化时,摩擦系数和油膜厚度基本处于稳定状态.     

Ⅰ型裂纹对薄壁偏心柱弹性挠度的影响

本文重点研究了裂纹对薄壁截面偏心受压柱弹性挠度的影响,分析模型假设偏心柱两墙铰支;截面绕强轴发生单向弯曲变形：I型裂纹位于受力最为严重的中间截面的受拉翼缘上,首先简单介绍了Rayleigh-Ritz变分法求得的弹性挠度三角函数级数解,该解的优点是可以在裂纹截面满足变形协调条件,适应于裂纹在薄壁截面上的沿弯矩面外方向扩展的情况,然后针对工字形,箱形两种双轴对称薄壁截面柱,具体地分析了在不同荷载,偏心距和长细比条件下裂纹长度对偏心柱挠度的影响规律和范围,理论分析和数值结果表明,在其它条件不变的情况下,柱的长细比越小或偏心距越大,裂纹引起的挠度增量越明显。,     

自旋对椭圆接触热弹流润滑的影响

通过数值求解研究了自旋运动对热弹流润滑的影响,分析了不同载荷下自旋对压力?最小油膜厚度?油膜中层温度的影响以及滑滚比?角速度对油膜中层温度的影响.结果表明:载荷越重时油膜压力越大,油膜整体厚度越小,同时油膜顶部倾斜度越大,关于y=0截面油膜厚度曲线的不对称性越明显.自旋存在使得滑滚比不再是常数,而滑滚比越大之处温升越大,因此润滑油膜的温度分布不再关于y=0截面对称;另外,角速度越高则油膜中层温升越大,而出口峰值越靠近接触中心.     

液层厚度对浮力-热毛细对流面型的影响

将Michelson光学干涉测量系统与图像处理技术相结合，发展形成一种实时诊断热毛细对流和浮力对流流体表面形貌的实验测量系统. 采用光学干涉测量方法研究了两端带有温差的矩形池内薄层流体的对流、表面变形、以及表面波的基本问题. 应用Fourier变换方法对实验结果进行计算和分析，得到了流体表面变形和表面波的定量的实验结果. 实验结果表明了在浮力-热毛细对流的发展过程中，首先出现流体的表面变形，之后在该变形的基础上，叠加了一个表面波的信息，该表面变形和表面波与流体的温度梯度、表面张力、以及浮力有直接的关系；表面波隐藏在表面变形内.     

考虑界面粗糙度动态变化的点接触弹流润滑特性研究

针对点接触弹流润滑的粗糙度效应,建立了考虑表面粗糙度动态变化的点接触弹流润滑模型,实现了油膜厚度和压力分布的快速求解. 对点接触弹流润滑下的粗糙表面弹性变形进行了定性和定量研究,同时分析了表面均方根粗糙度、载荷、相对运动速度和滑滚比对最小膜厚和最大压力的影响,以及表面形貌动态变化对膜厚比的影响. 结果表明:形貌变化改变了弹流油膜和压力分布特性,相对于光滑表面,表面粗糙度总体上提高了最大接触压力、降低了最小膜厚,在轻载工况下表面粗糙度对油膜厚度的削弱更加显著,而不同速度下粗糙度的影响程度基本相同,呈现线性变化趋势,膜厚比随载荷增大呈现先增后减的变化趋势,并在530 MPa左右达到峰值.      

型钢混凝土偏心受压柱的二阶效应分析

由于型钢增加了柱的侧移刚度, 型钢混凝土(SRC)柱的二阶变形因此比钢筋混凝土柱明显减 小, 其偏心距增大系数已不能采用规范数值. 在理论分析的基础上, 提出SRC柱偏心距增大 系数的两种求解方法, 并以柱的受力特性为依据, 采用以极限曲率为参数的偏心距 增大法推导建立了计算公式. 总结国内其他学者在此方面的研究成果, 算例比较表 明, 所建议公式与已有公式的最大误差小于10{\%}, 其精度较高且便于使用, 可 为工程计算和规范修订提供参考.     

节理表面波纹度对其闭合性质的影响

节理的表面形貌中普遍含有波纹度。本文分析了含波纹度节理闭合模型的性质，探讨了其接触变形机理，研究了波纹度幅值、频率及不规则度方差对节理闭合性质的效应，最后与将波纹度分量作为随机分量处理的以往的节理闭合模型进行了比较。     

相关分析与谱分析在表面形貌研究中的应用

本文通过对表面形貌进行相关分析与谱分析,提出了相对波度和有效波度、相对波长和有效波长的概念,并且指出相关分析与谱分析是研究表面形貌润滑效应的有力工具。作者认为,当相对波度为有效波度时,应当同时考虑波长和幅值的摩擦学效应;当相对波度为高频的粗糙度时,只需考虑表面形貌的幅值效应。     

Nonlinear Dynamic Response of a Rotor Bearing System Due to Surface Waviness

In this paper, the radial vibrations of a rigid rotor supported by ball bearings are studied. In the analytical formulation, contacts between the balls and races are considered as nonlinear springs whose stiffnesses are obtained by using Hertzian elastic contact deformation theory. The implicit type numerical integration technique Newmark- with the Newton-Raphson method is used to solve the nonlinear differential equations iteratively. The effect of bearing running surface waviness on the vibrations of rotor is investigated. The formulation predicts discrete spectrum with specific frequency components for each order of waviness. Numerical results obtained from the simulation are validated with respect to those of prior researchers.     

Effect of surface non-flatness on the lubrication characteristics in the valve part of a swash-plate type axial piston pump

The objective of this application study was to investigate the effect of surface non-flatness on the lubrication characteristic of the bearing/sealing part between cylinder barrel and valve plate in a hydrostatic axial piston pump. A developed numerical algorithm facilitated the simultaneous calculation of time-varying cylinder pressure, rotating body motion, and fluid film pressure to observe fluid film geometry and power loss. It was shown that an ideally flat surface might not form full fluid lubrication film properly, and that small-scale machining error, surface waviness, may increase the film thickness to some degree. The shape model of surface waviness considered waviness unit shape as well as its surface lay. However the results demonstrated that surface non-flatness of such small scale did not form the desirable fluid film geometry which minimized the power loss yet. Providing some surface design tips, two particular curved surfaces whose pressure-generating mechanisms differ were selected and analyzed in variation with their shapes and operating conditions. This study asserted that a circumferentially wavy surface would make better performance of motion stability and power efficiency than a radially wedged land surface, and finally that the non-flatness design strategy should be applied with re-considering the clamping ability.     

考虑滚道波纹度的推力球轴承油膜的测量与计算

使用能够模拟推力球轴承工作的光干涉油膜测量系统,在静态时基于Hertz接触理论测量得到了该轴承座圈滚道的波纹度变化,并测量了轴承工作一周的油膜变化情况.依据试验参数进行了钢球与玻璃盘接触以及钢球与座圈滚道接触的弹性流体动压润滑（EHL）数值分析.试验和理论分析均较好地验证了表面波纹度对润滑状态的影响,发现推力球轴承运动时油膜的变化和滚道的表面波纹度密切相关.     

On Stokes slip flow through a transversely wavy channel

The Stokes flow through a wavy or corrugated channel with surface slip is studied. The correct Navier's partial slip condition is applied and perturbation solutions about the small amplitude to channel width ratio are obtained. As in Stokes slip flow over a sphere, the resistance is not zero even when slip is infinite. The resistance (due to the interaction of waviness and slip) is larger when the corrugations of the two plates are out of phase than that when they are in phase.     

缝合复合材料层板面内局部纤维弯曲模型及刚度预报

提出了缝合层板面内局部纤维弯曲模型,假设缝合线受挤压后横截面为椭圆形,指出当纤维弯曲幅度较小时,缝合仅造成单胞内局部纤维弯曲,纤维弯曲角为特定值,由纤维种类决定;当纤维弯曲幅度较大时,缝合造成单胞内整体纤维弯曲,纤维弯曲角大于特定值,由纤维弯曲幅度和单胞尺寸决定。采用有限元法建立了缝合层板刚度分析方法,使缝合层板单胞满足周期性边界条件,预报结果与试验吻合较好,详细探讨了缝合参数对层板刚度的影响规律,结果表明缝合后层板刚度降低,缝合参数变化对层板刚度有较大影响。     

Effect of the stiffness,inertia and oscillation kinematics on the thrust generation and efficiency of an oscillating-foil propulsion system

This paper presents an experimental study that has investigated the effects of the foil stiffness, inertia and oscillation kinematics on the thrust generation and efficiency of a flexible oscillating-foil propulsion system. A semi-empirical damped-oscillator model, which included a quadratic damping element, was developed and fitted to the experimental results. The model was used to develop explanations for the observed trends in the propulsive performance. For all of the foils constructed for the study, a consistent relationship between the efficiency and frequency ratio was observed. The maximum efficiency occurred at the same frequency ratio that resulted in both a beneficial phasing of the deformation with respect to the driven motion and also the maximum overall amplitude of the motion. For foils of equivalent resonant frequency operating at the same frequency ratio, the stiffer and heavier foils were found to develop greater thrust, likely because the lower effective damping allowed for a greater amplitude of the motion. Increasing the amplitude of the driven motion was found to cause the frequency ratio providing the maximum efficiency to shift towards lower values. The use of combined pitch and heave motions was shown to increase efficiency while reducing thrust compared to the heave-only case.     

Lift enhancement through flexibility of plunging wings at low Reynolds numbers

In this paper the combined effect of two mechanisms for lift enhancement at low Reynolds numbers are considered, wing oscillations and wing flexibility. The force, deformation and flow fields of rigid and flexible low aspect ratio (AR=3) and high aspect ratio (AR=6) wings oscillating at a fixed post-stall angle of attack of 15° and amplitude of 15% of chord are measured. The force measurements show that flexibility can increase the time-averaged lift coefficient significantly. For low aspect ratio wings the maximum lift coefficient across all Strouhal numbers was C_l=1.38 for the rigid wing as opposed to C_l=2.77 for the flexible wing. Very similar trends were observed for the high aspect ratio wings. This increase is associated with significant deformation of the wing. The root is sinusoidally plunged with small amplitude but this motion is amplified along the span resulting in a larger tip motion but with a phase lag. The amount it is amplified strongly depends on Strouhal number. A Strouhal number of Sr_c=1.5 was selected for detailed flow field measurements due to it being central to the high-lift region of the flexible wings, producing approximately double the lift of the rigid wing. For this Strouhal number the rigid wings exhibit a Leading Edge Vortex (LEV) ring. This is where the clockwise upper-surface LEV pairs with the counter-clockwise lower-surface LEV to form a vortex ring that self-advects upstream and away from the wing's upper surface. Conversely the deformation of the flexible wings inhibits the formation of the LEV ring. Instead a strong upper-surface LEV forms during the downward motion and convects close to the airfoil upper surface thus explaining the significantly higher lift. These measurements demonstrate the significant gains that can be achieved through the combination of unsteady aerodynamics with flexible structures.     

船用凸轮-挺柱副摩擦润滑性能研究

随着船舶柴油机功率密度和转速等性能参数的不断提升,配气凸轮-挺柱副面临着更加严苛的工作环境,尤其是界面微观接触区的摩擦学特性,在瞬态载荷冲击、速度冲击、曲率变化及局部粗糙峰接触条件下,界面摩擦及闪温迅速突变,带来磨损和胶合等表面失效问题. 本研究中基于先进三维线接触混合润滑模型,考虑凸轮-挺柱副瞬态突变工况及几何变化、瞬态表面粗糙度影响以及润滑油非牛顿流体作用,采用稳定性好、收敛速度快的准系统数值分析方法开展凸轮-挺柱副摩擦闪温分析,揭示粗糙度参数、工况改变及几何结构对其润滑状态和摩擦闪温特性的影响规律,为船舶柴油机配气凸轮-挺柱副摩擦学优化设计及磨损胶合失效预测提供理论指导.