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微纳结构超疏水表面的湍流减阻机理研究 总被引:2,自引:0,他引:2
超疏水表面的优异性质使其在现代生活和工业生产中具有十分广泛的潜在应用价值. 本文采用了碳纳米管缠绕技术和聚氟硅氧烷疏水化处理方法制备了具有二级微纳米结构的超疏水表面. 测量了由该超疏水表面构建的槽道中的流动压降,将其与普通表面构建的槽道内的流动压降进行比较,发现在层流情况下,流动阻力减小最多达到了22.8%. 在湍流的情况下,超疏水表面的减阻比例约为53.3%,减阻效果比层流更加明显.利用PIV (particle image velocimetry) 技术测量了具有超疏水表面的槽道内的速度场,通过超疏水表面速度滑移和湍动脉动场信息,分析了湍流减阻效果比层流更加明显的物理机制. 相似文献
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超疏水沟槽表面通气减阻实验研究 总被引:7,自引:5,他引:2
减阻是解决航行体提速和增程的主要技术途径之一, 对缓解日益严峻的能源危机极为重要. 在重力式管道实验系统中, 测试给出了湍流状态下不同通气速率时减阻率随雷诺数及沟槽无量纲间距的变化规律和气膜铺展状态, 对比分析了单纯超疏水表面与超疏水沟槽表面上通气时减阻效果的差异.实验板材质为无色亚克力, 沟槽结构采用机械方法加工, 并在表面喷涂超疏水涂层. 结果表明, 持续通气能解决超疏水沟槽表面气膜层流失问题, 实现气膜层长时间稳定维持; 恒定雷诺数下, 随通气速率增大, 超疏水沟槽表面气膜铺展更趋均匀, 减阻率上升; 由于通气速率影响气膜横向扩展能力, 致使恒定通气速率下, 减阻率随雷诺数的变化呈现两种模式; 在固定雷诺数及通气速率时, 减阻率随沟槽尺寸的扩大先增后减, $S^{+}\approx 76$时减阻率最大. 分析其原因在于, 沟槽结构增大沾湿面积的同时, 显著提升了通气状态下超疏水表面气膜层的稳定性, 因而展示出与超疏水表面和沟槽表面均不相同的减阻规律, 且效果更佳. 相似文献
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减阻是解决航行体提速和增程的主要技术途径之一,对缓解日益严峻的能源危机极为重要.在重力式管道实验系统中,测试给出了湍流状态下不同通气速率时减阻率随雷诺数及沟槽无量纲间距的变化规律和气膜铺展状态,对比分析了单纯超疏水表面与超疏水沟槽表面上通气时减阻效果的差异.实验板材质为无色亚克力,沟槽结构采用机械方法加工,并在表面喷涂超疏水涂层.结果表明,持续通气能解决超疏水沟槽表面气膜层流失问题,实现气膜层长时间稳定维持;恒定雷诺数下,随通气速率增大,超疏水沟槽表面气膜铺展更趋均匀,减阻率上升;由于通气速率影响气膜横向扩展能力,致使恒定通气速率下,减阻率随雷诺数的变化呈现两种模式;在固定雷诺数及通气速率时,减阻率随沟槽尺寸的扩大先增后减, S~+≈76时减阻率最大.分析其原因在于,沟槽结构增大沾湿面积的同时,显著提升了通气状态下超疏水表面气膜层的稳定性,因而展示出与超疏水表面和沟槽表面均不相同的减阻规律,且效果更佳. 相似文献
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基于滑移理论的超疏水表面减阻性能分析 总被引:2,自引:2,他引:0
采用滑移理论计算和数值模拟方法研究超疏水表面的减阻性能.层流流动状态的数值模拟和理论计算结果的一致性较好,并可证明滑移速度与通道内流体速度之比与无量纲压降比的数量级相当;湍流状态的数值仿真结果表明,在目前可实现的滑移速度范围内,超疏水表面对水下航行器的流体阻力影响不显著. 相似文献
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脊状表面减阻机理研究 总被引:2,自引:1,他引:1
针对脊状表面流场的特点,通过实验测量和数值模拟的方法对脊状表面微观流场进行了深入研究,获得了脊状表面湍流边界层的时均速度分布曲线、湍流度分布曲线和微观流场结构.为了得到脊状结构对壁面物性的影响,对脊状表面进行了疏水性测试,获得了液滴在脊状表面上的表观接触角,并通过水洞试验验证了脊状表面的减阻效果.研究表明,与光滑表面相比,脊状表面微观流场结构中存在"二次涡",近壁区的黏性底层厚度比平板的要厚得多,湍流度显著降低,且脊状表面表现出明显的疏水性.由此提出了基于壁面隔离效应、增大湍流阻尼效应和改变壁面物性效应的减阻机理. 相似文献
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湍流流动中鲨鱼皮表面流体减阻研究进展 总被引:2,自引:0,他引:2
快速游动的鲨鱼, 其皮肤表面沿流动方向有序地排列着沟槽状结构, 人们认为这种结构能在湍流流动 中减小表面摩擦阻力. 人们仿真这种生物结构来进行实验研究和应用, 通过复制和改善鲨鱼皮肤表面沟槽状 结构, 使得摩擦阻力最大减小了近10%. 在实验和模拟仿真中, 人们不断讨论和研究湍流流动阻力的形成机制 和沟槽减阻的理论特性. 本文综述了沟槽减阻理论特性的一些研究方法, 并且归纳定义了沟槽减阻最优几何 形状及其尺寸; 详细考虑流体流动的特点, 给出了一种用来选择最优沟槽形状及其尺寸的方法; 综述了目前的 沟槽加工制造技术. 由于鲨鱼皮肤表面存在少量黏液, 从仿生学的角度, 文章最后综述并展望了通过局部应用 疏水性材料来改变沟槽附近流场属性, 从而达到更大程度上减小阻力的目标. 相似文献
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The reduction characteristic of turbulent drag and heat transfer of drag reduction surfactant solution flowing in a helically coiled pipe were experimentally investigated. The drag reduction surfactant used in the present study was the amine oxide type nonionic surfactant of oleyldihydroxyethylamineoxide (ODEAO, C22H45NO3=371). The zwitterion surfactant of cetyldimethylaminoaciticacidbetaine (CDMB, C20H41NO2=327) was added by 10% to the ODEAO solution in order to avoid the chemical degradation of ODEAO by ionic impurities in a test tape water. The experiments of flow drag and heat transfer reduction were carried out in the helically coiled pipe of coil to pipe diameter ratio of 37.5 and the helically coiled pipe length to pipe diameter of 1180.5 (pipe diameter of 14.4 mm) at various concentrations, temperatures and flow velocities of the ODEAO surfactant solution. The ODEAO solution showed a non-Newtonian behavior at high concentration of the ODEAO. From the experimental results, it was observed that the friction factor of the ODEAO surfactant solution flowing through the coiled pipe was decreased to a great extent in comparison with water as a Newtonian fluid in the turbulent flow region. Heat transfer measurements for water and the ODEAO solution were performed in both laminar and turbulent flow regions under the uniform heat flux boundary condition. The heat transfer coefficients for the ODEAO solution flow were the same as water flow in the laminar region. On the other hand, heat transfer reduction of the ODEAO solution flow was remarkedly reduced as compared with that of the water flow in the turbulent flow region. 相似文献
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It is observed that the feather surface exhibits anisotropic resistances for the streamwise and spanwise flows. To obtain a qualitative understanding about the effect of this anisotropic resistance feature of surface on the boundary-layer transitional flow over a flat plate, a simple phenomenological model for the anisotropic resistance is established in this paper. By means of the large eddy simulation (LES) with high-order accurate finite difference method, the numerical investigations are conducted. The numerical results show that with the spanwise resistance hindering the formation of vortexes, the transition from laminar flow to turbulent flow can be delayed, and turbulence is weakened when the flow becomes fully turbulent, which leads to significant drag reduction for the plate. On the contrary, the streamwise resistance renders the flow less stable, which leads to the earlier transition and enhances turbulence in the turbulent region, causing a drag increase for the plate. Thus, it is indicated that a surface with large resistance for spanwise flow and small resistance for streamwise flow can achieve significant drag reduction. The present results highlight the anisotropic resistance characteristic near the feather surface for drag reduction, and shed a light on the study of bird’s efficient flight. 相似文献
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P.K. Ptasinski F.T.M. Nieuwstadt B.H.A.A. van den Brule M.A. Hulsen 《Flow, Turbulence and Combustion》2001,66(2):159-182
In this paper we report on (two-component) LDV experiments in a fully developed turbulent pipe flow with a drag-reducing polymer
(partially hydrolyzed polyacrylamide) dissolved in water. The Reynolds number based on the mean velocity, the pipe diameter
and the local viscosity at the wall is approximately 10000. We have used polymer solutions with three different concentrations
which have been chosen such that maximum drag reduction occurs. The amount of drag reduction found is 60–70%. Our experimental
results are compared with results obtained with water and with a very dilute solution which exhibits only a small amount of
drag reduction.
We have focused on the observation of turbulence statistics (mean velocities and turbulence intensities) and on the various
contributions to the total shear stress. The latter consists of a turbulent, a solvent (viscous) and a polymeric part. The
polymers are found to contribute significantly to the total stress. With respect to the mean velocity profile we find a thickening
of the buffer layer and an increase in the slope of the logarithmic profile. With respect to the turbulence statistics we
find for the streamwise velocity fluctuations an increase of the root mean square at low polymer concentration but a return
to values comparable to those for water at higher concentrations. The root mean square of the normal velocity fluctuations
shows a strong decrease. Also the Reynolds (turbulent) shear stress and the correlation coefficient between the stream wise
and the normal components are drastically reduced over the entire pipe diameter. In all cases the Reynolds stress stays definitely
non-zero at maximum drag reduction. The consequence of the drop of the Reynolds stress is a large polymer stress, which can
be 60% of the total stress. The kinetic-energy balance of the mean flow shows a large transfer of energy directly to the polymers
instead of the route by turbulence. The kinetic energy of the turbulence suggests a possibly negative polymeric dissipation
of turbulent energy.
This revised version was published online in July 2006 with corrections to the Cover Date. 相似文献
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Experimental results are reported and discussed for a rotating cylinder drag balance designed to predict drag reduction by
surfaces like riblets. The apparatus functions by measuring the torque applied to the inner cylinder by a fluid, such as water,
that is set in motion by the controlled rotation of the outer cylinder. The instrument was validated by calibration for laminar
flow and comparison of turbulent flow results to the those of G. I. Taylor. The ability to predict drag reduction was demonstrated
by testing 114 m symmetric sawtooth riblets, which gave a maximum reduction of about 5% and an overall drag reduction range
of 5<S
+<20, both of which are in excellent comparison to results reported in literature. The most suitable conditions for testing
riblets are to apply the riblets only to the inner cylinder surface and to use cylinders for which the curvature of the flow
is minimized.
Received: 2 February 1999/Accepted: 1 October 1999 相似文献
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Micro-bubble drag reduction experiments were conducted in a turbulent water channel flow. Compressed nitrogen was used to force flow through a slot injector located in the plate beneath the boundary layer of the tunnel test section. Gas and bubbly mixtures were injected into a turbulent boundary layer (TBL), and the resulting friction drag was measured downstream of the injector. Injection into tap water, a surfactant solution (Triton X-100, 20 ppm), and a salt-water solution (35 ppt) yielded bubbles of average diameter 476, 322 and 254 μm, respectively. In addition, lipid stabilized gas bubbles (44 μm) were injected into the boundary layer. Thus, bubbles with d
+ values of 200 to 18 were injected. The results indicate that the measured drag reduction by micro-bubbles in a TBL is related strongly to the injected gas volumetric flow rate and the static pressure in the boundary layer, but is essentially independent of the size of the micro-bubbles over the size range tested. 相似文献
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An enclosed rotating disk apparatus (RDA) with rotational speed up to 5,500 rpm and with temperature control from −5 to 55°C
was designed to screen the turbulent drag reducing effectiveness of small samples of newly synthesized drag reducing additives.
First, the rotating disk was calibrated with water using both logarithmic and power law models. Then experiments were carried
out to measure the frictional torque reduction for a drag reducing aqueous cationic surfactant system (5 mM Ethoquad O12 with
12.5 mM sodium salicylate) over a range of Re. The maximum drag reduction at 30°C was about 47% at Re = 1.90 × 106. For the first time, results with the RDA were compared with those in a circular pipe flow system. They showed similar trends
indicating it is a useful screening device for small samples, giving conservative estimates of surfactant effectiveness compared
with pipe flow.
相似文献
Jacques L. ZakinEmail: |