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1.
对调质42CrMo钢的棘轮-疲劳交互作用的实验结果进行了分析,揭示了材料在非对称应力循环下的全寿命棘轮变形特征和低周疲劳损伤演化特性.在统一粘塑性循环本构模型框架下,基于连续损伤力学理论,提出一个耦合损伤的牯塑性本构模型.该模型中将损伤分为宏观弹性损伤和塑性损伤两部分,并采用不同的损伤演化方程来描述这两类损伤.针对材料不同的失效模式,分别采用损伤变量门槛值和最大应变作为失效判据.将模型应用于调质42CrMo钢单轴应力循环下全寿命棘轮行为的描述和低周疲劳寿命预测中,模拟结果和实验结果吻合较好.  相似文献   

2.
于强  罗云蓉  袁玉全 《应用力学学报》2015,(2):276-281,355-356
为了提高疲劳-蠕变寿命的预测精度,首次从裂纹扩展角度出发引入有效应变能密度增量,利用应力-应变迟滞回线所围图形的正值面积对其进行了定义和计算。计算表明,有效应变能密度增量与加载的应力、速率、保载时间、材料性质及疲劳-蠕变的速率相关,且随压应力增加而增大。通过将有效应变能密度增量与裂纹的长度之积定义为裂纹扩展的控制参量,建立了疲劳-蠕变下的裂纹扩展速率方程,并由此导出了疲劳-蠕变寿命与有效应变能密度增量之间的关系式。该式中的疲劳与蠕变有效应变能密度增量交叉项恰好反映了疲劳与蠕变的交互作用。最后,采用该式对1.25Cr0.5Mo钢在540℃时不同应力控制下的疲劳-蠕变寿命进行了预测,发现83.3%的预测值在实验值的1.3倍分散带以内,预测结果良好。  相似文献   

3.
田若洲  郭素娟  游旭 《力学季刊》2022,43(2):249-259
针对几种经典和新发展的蠕变-疲劳寿命模型开展综述介绍,并建立预测航空涡轮盘在循环热-机蠕变-疲劳载荷谱下蠕变-疲劳行为的数值流程,对某型航空涡轮盘的蠕变-疲劳损伤和寿命进行预测和对比.结果表明:等效应变法与临界平面法得出的疲劳损伤差距较小,等效应变法由于数值计算简单,工程适用性更强.寿命-时间分数(TF)法由于无法考虑应力松弛效应,给出了最为保守的蠕变损伤预测,其对盘体应力三轴度引起的损伤不敏感;延性耗竭法(DE)法仅以蠕变应变率作为损伤因素,虽考虑多轴蠕变因子的影响,但是给出的蠕变损伤过小;修正应变能密度耗竭(MSEDE)法综合考虑蠕变应变与应力松弛,并且考虑多轴蠕变因子与弹性跟随效应的影响,结合疲劳损伤模型可以给出合理的蠕变、疲劳损伤比例,其预测结果更加合理.  相似文献   

4.
基于临界平面原理,应用von-Mises准则提出一种能够同时适用于比例与非比例加载的剪切式多轴疲劳损伤参量.新的损伤参量,通过引入一个应力相关因子来考虑临界面上最大剪应变范围和正应变范围对多轴疲劳损伤贡献的不同,同时该因子还考虑了非比例附加强化对材料多轴疲劳寿命的影响.该参量不含有经验常数,便于工程应用.经1045HR钢,S45C钢,Inconel718钢,16MnR钢等四种材料的多轴疲劳试验验证,预测结果与试验结果吻合较好.  相似文献   

5.
一种FRP累积损伤模型及其在结构疲劳寿命估算中的应用   总被引:10,自引:0,他引:10  
推荐了一种应变损伤累积模型,能够考虑单向板面内多轴应力和平均应力的影响。只需要单向板在确定应力比下的若干典型疲劳试验结果,就可以预测相同材料体系多向层压结构在不同应力比的循环载荷下的疲劳寿命,有助于降低试验成本和工作量。研究了适用于多向层压结构剩余强度估算和疲劳寿命预测的步骤和程序。针对碳纤维/树脂基T300/QY8911复合材料,试验测定了三组典型单轴循环应力([0]16拉-拉、[90]16拉-拉和[0/90]4S剪-剪)下的S-N曲线。以此为输入,预测四种多向铺层板在各种拉-拉循环应力下的疲劳寿命,寿命预测结果和相应的试验结果吻合良好。采用了保持计算和试验的载荷/强度比相对等值的方法来近似抵消层合效应对疲劳寿命的影响。强调了进一步发展能够定量估计层间应力影响与分层扩展过程的疲劳损伤模型的重要性。  相似文献   

6.
首先分别在595℃、610℃、670℃下进行了P92钢的单轴蠕变拉伸实验。结果表明:当实验温度高于600℃时,应力和应变在双对数坐标下呈现非线性特征,蠕变过程无法通过Norton指数模型进行描述。为了进一步解决高温下蠕变寿命的计算和预测问题,本文提出了一种改进的蠕变本构模型;并在此基础上,引入损伤变量描述第三阶段蠕变。利用新的蠕变模型对P92钢在595℃、610℃温度条件下的蠕变过程进行了模拟,结果表明模型预测的蠕变寿命和实验值误差在5%之内,符合工程评估要求。  相似文献   

7.
该文对550℃下30CrMoNiV5-11转子钢进行了轴向应力控制的带保持时间的疲劳实验.按照Le-maitre有效应力的概念,采用Kachanov损伤演化方程,推导了耦合损伤的粘塑性流动方程和随动硬化方程,使用返回映射和向后欧拉方法实现应力更新,并在有限元软件ANSYS的接口程序UMAT中嵌入用户程序.对试样疲劳-蠕变交互行为进行模拟,结果表明,耦合蠕变损伤变量后,模拟结果较不含损伤变量模型的模拟结果精度大为提高.  相似文献   

8.
研究了两种地震极限频率对于Q235钢结构材料的超低周疲劳性能的影响。采用横向应变控制方法,分别保持频率1Hz、3Hz恒定,在岛津电液伺服疲劳试验机上开展了试验钢的超低周疲劳试验。研究发现,循环应力响应特征,循环应力-应变关系,以及疲劳寿命均与频率相关,且在较高频率下,试验材料出现了二次循环硬化现象。分别建立了试验钢在两种频率下基于塑性应变幅值及应变速率的疲劳寿命预测公式。两种寿命预测公式均与试验结果吻合良好。通过电镜扫描(SEM),对比分析了不同频率下试验钢超低周疲劳下的微观断裂机理。  相似文献   

9.
基于加权应变因子的叶片振动疲劳寿命预测   总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1  
通过循环应力-应变方程和应变-寿命方程推导了可预测材料高、低周疲劳寿命的非线性疲劳损伤累积模型。模型中引入弹性、塑性加权应变因子对疲劳延性指数和疲劳强度指数进行修正,以考虑疲劳过程中弹塑性应变共同作用对疲劳损伤累积速率的影响。以某型航空发动机压气机叶片为研究对象,利用所建立的模型预测其疲劳寿命,并与试验结果、Basquin方程、改进的Basquin方程的预测结果进行对比分析。结果发现:在低应力水平(≤700MPa)下,三种预测模型给出的高周疲劳寿命误差小于30%;但是当应力水平达到770MPa时,所建立模型的预测精度比Basquin方程和改进的Basquin方程分别提高89.14%和22.73%。  相似文献   

10.
通过定义考虑拉伸保载效应的CFI因子(creep-fatigue interaction factor),将拉伸蠕变损伤和疲劳损伤进行非线性耦合. 根据断裂实验的观察,针对拉伸主 导的裂纹萌生、扩展及破坏的多轴疲劳问题,给出了一个基于临界面方法的能量型高温多轴 疲劳寿命预测模型. 所给出的模型可对不同温度、不同载荷特点、不同保载时间的多轴疲劳 寿命进行预测,模型的材料参数不依赖于温度和载荷. 并且此方法可以很方便地推广到其它 因素主导破坏的高温多轴疲劳寿命预测. 通过拟合高温合金Udimet720Li单轴带保持时间的 低循环疲劳(low cycle fatigue, LCF)寿命试验数据,得到了材料常数. 结合黏 塑性有限元分析方法,对高温双轴带保载循环载荷下Cruciform试件的寿命进行了 预测,预测结果基本落在2倍分散带内,达到工程的要求,证明了该模型的有效性.  相似文献   

11.
12.
In this paper,the nonlinear dynamic behavior of a string-beam coupled system subjected to external,parametric and tuned excitations is presented.The governing equations of motion are obtained for the nonlinear transverse vibrations of the string-beam coupled system which are described by a set of ordinary differential equations with two degrees of freedom.The case of 1:1 internal resonance between the modes of the beam and string,and the primary and combined resonance for the beam is considered.The method of multiple scales is utilized to analyze the nonlinear responses of the string-beam coupled system and obtain approximate solutions up to and including the second-order approximations.All resonance cases are extracted and investigated.Stability of the system is studied using frequency response equations and the phase-plane method.Numerical solutions are carried out and the results are presented graphically and discussed.The effects of the different parameters on both response and stability of the system are investigated.The reported results are compared to the available published work.  相似文献   

13.
We argue in favor of representing living cells as automata and review demonstrations that autonomous cells can form patterns by responding to local variations in the strain fields that arise from their individual or collective motions. An autonomous cell's response to strain stimuli is assumed to be effected by internally-generated, internally-powered forces, which generally move the cell in directions other than those implied by external energy gradients. Evidence of cells acting as strain-cued automata have been inferred from patterns observed in nature and from experiments conducted in vitro. Simulations that mimic particular cases of pattern forming share the idealization that cells are assumed to pass information among themselves solely via mechanical boundary conditions, i.e., the tractions and displacements present at their membranes. This assumption opens three mechanisms for pattern formation in large cell populations: wavelike behavior, kinematic feedback in cell motility that can lead to sliding and rotational patterns, and directed migration during invasions. Wavelike behavior among ameloblast cells during amelogenesis (the formation of dental enamel) has been inferred from enamel microstructure, while strain waves in populations of epithelial cells have been observed in vitro. One hypothesized kinematic feedback mechanism, “enhanced shear motility”, accounts successfully for the spontaneous formation of layered patterns during amelogenesis in the mouse incisor. Directed migration is exemplified by a theory of invader cells that sense and respond to the strains they themselves create in the host population as they invade it: analysis shows that the strain fields contain positional information that could aid the formation of cell network structures, stabilizing the slender geometry of branches and helping govern the frequency of branch bifurcation and branch coalescence (the formation of closed networks). In simulations of pattern formation in homogeneous populations and network formation by invaders, morphological outcomes are governed by the ratio of the rates of two competing time dependent processes, one a migration velocity and the other a relaxation velocity related to the propagation of strain information. Relaxation velocities are approximately constant for different species and organs, whereas cell migration rates vary by three orders of magnitude. We conjecture that developmental processes use rapid cell migration to achieve certain outcomes, and slow migration to achieve others. We infer from analysis of host relaxation during network formation that a transition exists in the mechanical response of a host cell from animate to inanimate behavior when its strain changes at a rate that exceeds 10−4–10−3 s−1. The transition has previously been observed in experiments conducted in vitro.  相似文献   

14.
With the aid of several demonstration experiments, it is shown how a stirred scalar mixture relaxes towards uniformity through an aggregation process. The elementary bricks are stretched sheets whose rates of diffusive smoothing and coalescence build up the overall mixture concentration distribution. The cases studied, in particular, include mixtures in two and three dimensions, with different stirring protocols, which all lead to a family of concentration distributions stable by self-convolution. To cite this article: E. Villermaux, J. Duplat, C. R. Mecanique 331 (2003).  相似文献   

15.
薛昌明  吴永礼 《力学进展》2010,40(2):203-229
在适度的空间和时间尺度组合下,裂纹既可在几个月中蠕变几个纳米,也能在几秒钟内扩展10km.虽然裂纹的尖端没有实际的质量,但是它能通过激活周围的物质而处于高能量状态.依赖于材料的损伤方向,激活质量的减少和增加可发生在尺度转变之前或之后.每个尺度区的分段阈值被假定为与裂纹尖端速度的平方a~2和激活质量密度M的乘积有关:W=M_(↓↑)a_(↑↓)~2和D=M~(↓↑)a_(↑↓)~2.W和D分别被称为直接吸收和自耗散能量密度.正如下标/上标符号所示,激活的质量密度M_(↓↑)和M~(↓↑)与裂纹尖端速度a变化趋势相反,既可增加也可减少.a~2和M的互补效应隐含着常用于宇宙物理学建模的膨胀和/或收缩的物理过程.在用于尺度敏感的裂纹尖端的行为时,激活的质量密度有相同的解释.分段时的多尺度可以由…皮观、纳观、微观和宏观…组成.因此,形象地说,材料损伤过程可以通过裂纹扩展过程中非均匀的总体和局部能量的传递来模拟.疲劳裂纹扩展引起的材料损伤被用来阐释由大到小和由慢到快的尺度/时间序,热力学中的冷→热和有序→无序转换.这一过程正巧与宇宙演化的箭形方向相反,宇宙演化遵循小→大和快→慢,而热力学相反,遵循热→冷和无序→有序.为了表示由损伤萌生所造成的类裂缝型缺陷的不均匀性,提出了一个被称为裂纹尖端力学(crack tip mechanics,CTM)的新模式.涉及的范围是模拟原子列之间的界面裂纹或连续体中分叉的切口.假如需要的话,尺寸和时间的范围可以复盖从皮观到宏观甚至更大.虽然采用疲劳裂纹来说明CTM的基本原理,在宇宙物理学背景中与直接吸收和自耗散相关的膨胀和收缩的情况可以描述裂纹周围激活质量的行为,它们可看为能量的汇或源.奇异性被用来捕获能量的源或汇的特性,物理上,两者作为界面的一部分,从数学上看则是不连续的线的一部分.能量从一种形式变为另一种形式取决于能量吸收或耗散的箭形损伤时间,这之中牵涉到尺度分段和奇异性强度的联合应用.材料组分随时间的劣化是根据指定的设计寿命导出的,从而使材料的响应与加载率的时间历史匹配.2024-T3铝板的皮观/纳观/微观/宏观开裂模型用来说明什么地方可以增加结构的寿命部分.皮观/纳观/微观/宏观/结构系统的性能随时间劣化可以用9个尺度转变物理参数来描述:纳观/微观区有3个(μ_(na/mi)~*,σ_(na/mi)~*,d_(na/mi)~*),微观/宏观区有3个(μ_(mi/ma)~*,σ_(mi/ma)~*,d_(mi/ma)~*),皮观/纳观区有3个(μ_(pi/na)~*,σ_(pi/na)~*,d_(pi/na)~*).下标pi,na,mi,ma和struc分别表示皮观、纳观、微观、宏观和结构.只要知道两个相连的尺度敏感参数,在较低尺度的时间相关的局部物理参数就完成了分析连续体的形式论,虽然它们并不需要用实验来知道.更具体地说,根据皮观→纳观→微观→宏观分别有1.25/1.00/0.75/0.50的λ奇异性强度,皮观裂纹、纳观裂纹、微观裂纹和宏观裂纹的转变特征是从时间箭形的指定的寿命预期来确定的.附加的0.25强度的奇异性可用于结构元件.回想起来,λ=0.5相应于断裂力学中的应力分量与r~(0.5)成反比,r是与宏观裂纹尖端的距离.微观裂纹、纳观裂纹和皮观裂纹分别赋予r~(-0.75),r~(-1.0),r~(-1.25)的奇异性.箭形时间(以年为单位)取决于问题的定义.设备的关键部件可用1.5~±/2.5~±/3.5~±/5.5~±寿命分布和总寿命为13~±年(a)的皮观/纳观/微观/宏观尺度来设计运行.上标±表示多于或少于实际运行的时间.累进损伤被假定为发生在皮观→纳观→微观→宏观方向.同样的方案用于20年总寿命的2024-T3铝板的疲劳损伤,按照1.5~±/2.5~±/3.5~±/5.5~±/7.0~±的方式将它的寿命分布在皮观、纳观、微观、宏观和结构的尺度上,这样的指定只是满足在每个尺度范围内损伤内部材料结构所用的能量匹配,因此可以强制执行在总寿命的跨度内精确的时间相关的材料性能劣化过程.  相似文献   

16.
应用计算流体动力学方法对人体在循环呼吸模式下口喉模型内的气流运动特性进行数值模 拟,分析了循环呼吸模式下口喉模型内的气流组织形式以及气流运动对呼吸道壁面以及气溶 胶运动沉积的影响. 吸气阶段,在咽部外壁和声门下游气管上部外壁气流发生分离,形成分 离区. 呼气阶段,分别在咽部外壁和喉部外壁形成高速区. 循环呼吸模式下,咽部、喉部与 气管内的高轴向速度区和二次涡流运动均是在呼吸过程中间歇性的产生,形成的高剪应力区 也是间歇性的. 壁面受到的剪应力周期性地改变方向,引起壁面劳损和组织损伤的可能性增 大,同时在这些部位容易造成气溶胶的沉积.  相似文献   

17.
The stability of the laminar helical flow of pseudoplastic liquids has been investigated with an indirect method consisting in the measurement of the rate of mass transfer at the surface of the inner rotating cylinder. The experiments have been carried out for different values of the geometric parameter = R 1/R 2 (the radius ratio) in the range of small values of the Reynolds number,Re < 200. Water solutions of CMC and MC have been used as pseudoplastic liquids obeying the power law model. The results have been correlated with the Taylor and Reynolds numbers defined with the aid of the mean viscosity value. The stability limit of the Couette flow is described by a functional dependence of the modified critical Taylor number (including geometric factor) on the flow indexn. This dependence, general for pseudoplastic liquids obeying the power law model, is close to the previous theoretical predictions and displays destabilizing influence of pseudoplasticity on the rotational motion. Beyond the initial range of the Reynolds numbers values (Re>20), the stability of the helical flow is not affected considerably by the pseudoplastic properties of liquids. In the range of the monotonic stabilization of the helical flow the stability limit is described by a general dependence of the modified Taylor number on the Reynolds number. The dependence is general for pseudoplastic as well as Newtonian liquids.Nomenclature C i concentration of reaction ions, kmol/m3 - d = R 2R 1 gap width, m - F M () Meksyn's geometric factor (Eq. (1)) - F 0 Faraday constant, C/kmol - i l density of limit current, A/m3 - k c mass transfer coefficient, m/s - n flow index - R 1,R 2 inner, outer radius of the gap, m - Re = V m ·2d·/µ m Reynolds number - Ta c = c ·d3/2·R 1 1/2 ·/µ m Taylor number - Z i number of electrons involved in electrochemical reaction - = R 1/R 2 radius ratio - µ apparent viscosity (local), Ns/m2 - µ m mean apparent viscosity value (Eq. (3)), Ns/m2 - µ i apparent viscosity value at a surface of the inner cylinder, Ns/m2 - density, kg/m3 - c angular velocity of the inner cylinder (critical value), 1/s  相似文献   

18.
Various types of nonlinear waves propagating along a viscoelastic bar are considered. The rheological equation of state has strong physical and geometric nonlinearities, and nonisothermal effects are included. Both weak (isentropic) and shock waves of loading and unloading are investigated. It is shown that, for certain rubber-like materials, stable shock waves of extension can exist along with the shock waves of compression at very large strains. We then consider the strike of a viscoelastic bar of finite length against a rigid obstacle. Numerical solutions to this problem illustrate the influence of stress relaxation on nonlinear wave processes. A model for sticking and bouncing off is formulated and the mass-averaged velocity of the bar at the moment when it bounces off the obstacle is calculated.  相似文献   

19.
A slit die viscometer has been used in conjunction with a co-rotating twin screw extruder to study the rheological behaviour of maize grits, potato powder and low density polyethylene, as a function of feed rate, screw speed and temperature. The shear viscosity of both maize and potato decreased with increasing feed rate. Increasing the temperature or screw speed at any given feed rate also reduced the viscosity. The ultrasonic velocity through the material has also been shown to be sensitive to the extruder operating conditions. Overall, the ultrasonic velocity decreased as screw speed and temperature increased and feed rate decreased.  相似文献   

20.
Newtonian stratified flow through an abrupt expansion   总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1  
The present paper is devoted to the numerical simulations of stratified generalized Newtonian flow. The main feature of the algorithm is to include the coordinates of the interface as primitive unknowns of the flow problem together with the nodal velocity components and pressures calculated on a deformable finite element mesh. Newton-Raphson's iterative method is used for solving the non-linear problem. Special attention is given to the location of the intersection between the interface and a solid boundary, when it is unknown at the outset. The method is applied to the creeping stratified flow of two Newtonian fluids through a one-to-four abrupt expansion; the results remain valid for the contraction problem. It is found that, under appropriate conditions, the small Newtonian corner vortex can increase by a large factor, both in size and intensity; the degrees of freedom of the simulation are the ratios of flow-rate and of viscosity of the fluids.  相似文献   

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