用于正交各向异性织物仿真的弹簧质点模型

针对正交各向异性织物,本文提出了一种含附加节点的三角形弹簧质点模型．通过冗余自由度的引入和缩聚,能够实现有限元模型和弹簧质点模型三角形单元刚度矩阵的精确相等;据此,针对一般正交各向异性材料常数和单元形状,推导出弹簧质点模型中弹簧刚度系数及附加节点位置的解析表达式,有效解决了传统弹簧质点模型在正交各向异性织物仿真中存在的计算精度不高、弹簧参数选取随意等缺陷;并进一步完善了基于弹簧质点模型的柔性织物空间变形算法．数值模拟表明本文提出的弹簧质点模型和变形算法在进行织物仿真计算时,具有精度好、通用性强等优点．     

三维链网模型及其应用

基于质点间相互作用,按照质点间连线的取向统计材料的应变能,提出了材料的三维链网模型.论述了数值计算中的优化离散方式,井得到了相应的最优立体角取值.标定了模型的几何、物理参数.通过典型算例比较了三维链网模型与有限元方法及剪滞模型的预测结果,验证了三维链网模型具有与有限元同等水平的求解能力和计算精度.     

封闭爆炸近场地震纵波及横波质点速度模型

基于第四纪黄土层小爆炸当量系列封闭爆炸的近场地震观测数据,对纵波和横波分别进行了分析处理,获得了纵波和横波的质点速度,确定了纵波和横波质点速度现有模型的参数.综合分析了有代表性的3个模型,得出现存模型本质上的差别在于爆炸当量指数不同.对此提出了双极模型,并介绍了该模型参数的计算方法.对这几种模型在描述观测和实测数据方面...     

基于非线性梁理论的有限质点法

有限质点法是以向量式力学为基础,用有限数量的质点来模拟结构的变形行为,质点的运动由牛顿运动定律来计算。在有限质点法中,质点通过构件相连,构件约束着质点的运动,并且其内力由质点的运动变量来描述。基于向量式力学的基本思想和非线性梁理论,提出了一种新的有限质点法,该方法在共旋单元坐标系中描述梁的非线性变形。以空间梁系结构为例,推导了计算构件内力的非线性公式,并考虑了弯扭耦合变形。通过两个连续欧拉角的变换公式得到共旋坐标系的旋转矩阵。与传统的有限质点法相比,本文提出的方法避免了刚体虚转动分析。通过四个结构的数值求解,验证了本文方法在计算结构大变形响应时具有较高的精度。     

基于声流的非接触超声电机理论分析与试验研究

针对传统超声电机存在严重的摩擦磨损及难以长时间连续工作的问题,本文中基于声流原理设计了1种新型的非接触式超声电机.建立电机定子谐响应有限元分析模型,获得其工作频率及结构振型,并对悬浮间隙内的声流场进行建模,采用雷诺应力法求解声流场驱动力,分析不同激励电压下转子转速以及驱动力的变化规律.为验证模型的合理性,搭建试验测试系统并进行性能测试对比分析.结果表明,该电机在声流驱动下能够稳定地运转,转速随着电压的升高而单调上升,驱动电压为1 430 V时,转子转速可以达到28 r/min.理论结果与试验结果具有较好的一致性,验证了模型的合理性.     

非线性侵彻动力过程的再生核质点法

通过在再生核质点法中引入Johnson-Cook本构方程及损伤模型,并利用新型的滑移面算法及配 点法解决再生核质点法中的接触面和质点滑移问题,方便实现边界条件和计算过程中质点速度调整。通过侵 彻过程再生核质点法研究,实现了弹丸侵彻靶板过程的模拟分析,避免了有限元法中单元严重变形和破坏过 程的网格重构困难,提高了分析精度和计算速度,可方便模拟侵彻的大变形和高应变率现象。     

冲击压缩下氧化铝陶瓷中破坏阵面的传播

进行了平面冲击波压缩下氧化铝陶瓷中破坏阵面的实验测试和理论探索. 通过氧 化铝陶瓷的平板碰撞实验，借助VISAR测试系统测量了试件自由面的质点速度历程，并对回 收试件进行了电镜扫描观察. 质点自由面速度历程曲线表明，氧化铝陶瓷材料中存在破坏阵 面的传播. 考察了破坏阵面的传播特性，给出了陶瓷材料的动态破坏模型，并对破坏阵面的 传播进行了数值分析.     

聚能装药射流形成的自适应物质点法模拟

聚能装药可用来穿透装甲、岩石、混凝土等高强度日标,在国防工业以及石油工业有重要应用.质点类无网格法,如SPH和MPM,可以避免网格畸变,比基于网格的传统方法更适合聚能装药问题的模拟.该文针对物质点法中可能发生的数值断裂问题,提出了自适应分裂质点的方案.当质点在某一方向的累积应变达到一定阈值,即将质点一分为二,从而使物质点法可以更有效的表达射流形成过程中强烈的拉伸变形.采用C++语言编制了可自适应分裂质点的三维物质点法程序MPM3DPP,应用Johnson-Cook材料模型用来考虑应变率效应和热软化效应,Mie-Gruneisen状态方程用于金属在高压下的压力计算,Jones-Wilkins-Lee(JWL)状态方程用于描述爆炸产物等膨胀过程,并在压力项加入人工粘性用来处理冲击波.模拟并分析了爆炸飞片、聚能射流等问题,通过数值模拟,对射流形成过程中的变形情况以及温度、速度的分布进行分析.模拟结果和经验公式吻合.     

小当量地下爆炸的质点速度模型

在第四纪砂砾层中进行了系列公斤至百公斤级的地下封闭爆炸,研究了小当量化学爆炸地震波传播规律。在近场,地震波持时很短,水平振幅强于垂向振幅。质点速度随当量呈现指数增加,水平向指数为1.09,垂直向指数为0.77,质点速度随距离呈现指数衰减,水平向和垂直向指数分别为2.07与1.57。Sadauskas模型、显函模型和双极模型都能定量描述小当量地下爆炸地震波质点速度变化,但他们之间的反演精度存在差异,双极模型的残差最小。换言之,采用双极模型反演的数据更接近实际。     

可变节流高度气浮支承结构设计及动态性能分析

为了使气浮支承的承载力动态可调,设计了一种可变节流高度气浮支承. 通过建立气浮支承计算流体动力学(Computational Fluid Dynamics,CFD)模型,利用CFD动网格技术来模拟小孔节流器的运动,研究小孔节流器的结构参数、运动参数及气浮支承的工作参数对可变节流高度气浮支承动态性能的影响. 结果表明:通过调节小孔节流器的节流高度可以明显改变气浮支承的承载力;在只考虑单一变量的前提下,气浮支承承载力的波动量随着小孔节流器的运动幅值、运动频率、节流高度、直径和气浮支承供气压强的增加而增加,但随着气膜厚度的增大而减小;当小孔节流器直径较小时,随着小孔节流器运动频率的增加,气浮支承动刚度的增幅很小,但当小孔节流器直径增大时,随着小孔节流器运动频率的增加,气浮支承动刚度的增幅会明显变大.      

孔板穿孔管气流脉动衰减性能及计算方法的研究

本文研究了气流脉动衰减器及噪声控制装置上常用的孔板穿孔管元件的衰减性能.使用一维非定常匀熵修正理论的特征线性,利用梯形积分法和Hartree迭代法给出了数值计算方法.目的是将衰减器性能的研究从依靠大量实验方法改变到依靠理论计算的轨道上来.从理论与实验对此上来看,本文的方法是有效的、可靠的.孔板穿孔管对气流脉动和噪声都有很好的控制和衰减性能.     

Large Eddy Simulation of the sound field of a round turbulent jet

In this paper we will use Large Eddy Simulation (LES) to obtain the flow field of a turbulent round jet at a Reynolds number based on the jet orifice velocity of 11000. In the simulations it is assumed that the flow field is incompressible. The acoustic field of the jet is calculated with help of the Lighthill acoustic analogy. The coupling between the flow solver and the acoustic solver is discussed in detail. The Mach number used in the acoustic calculation was equal to 0.6. It is shown that the decay of the jet centerline velocity and centerline rms are in good agreement with experimental data of [12]. Furthermore, it is shown that the influence of the LES modeling on the acoustic field is very small, if the dynamic subgrid model is used.     

激励小尺度模式在湍流圆管射流中的应用

采用非涡黏性的激励小尺度（Stimulated Small Scale)模式对空间发展的轴对称湍流圆管射流进行了大涡模拟。以雷诺数为10000的流动为例,考证了激励小尺度模式在自由剪切流模拟中的可行性,描述了湍流强度、雷诺应力和湍流耗散量的变化,同时与标准的Smagorinsky涡黏性模式的计算结果进行了比较。数值结果显示,激励小尺度模式能够更为合理地描述湍流的耗散特性和能量传输特性,从而较为准确地展示出空间发展射流中由于流动不稳定而出现的旋涡产生、发展、破碎及合并等过程。     

Methodological inaccuracies in clinical aortic valve severity assessment: insights from computational fluid dynamic modeling of CT-derived aortic valve anatomy

Aortic stenosis is the most common valvular heart disease. Assessing the contribution of the valve as a portion to total ventricular load is essential for the aging population. A CT scan for one patient was used to create one in vivo tricuspid aortic valve geometry and assessed with computational fluid dynamics (CFD). CFD simulated the pressure, velocity, and flow rate, which were used to assess the Gorlin formula and continuity equation, current clinical diagnostic standards. The results demonstrate an underestimation of the anatomic orifice area (AOA) by Gorlin formula and overestimation of AOA by the continuity equation, using peak velocities, as would be measured clinically by Doppler echocardiography. As a result, we suggest that the Gorlin formula is unable to achieve the intended estimation of AOA and largely underestimates AOA at the critical low-flow states present in heart failure. The disparity in the use of echocardiography with the continuity equation is due to the variation in velocity profile between the outflow tract and the valve orifice. Comparison of time-averaged orifice areas by Gorlin and continuity with instantaneous orifice areas by planimetry can mask the errors of these methods, which is a result of the assumption that the blood flow is inviscid.     

Sources of acoustic resonance generated by flow around a long rectangular plate in a duct

This paper describes a numerical investigation of the acoustic resonance occurring at specific flow speeds when a long two-dimensional rectangular plate is placed on the centre-line of a duct. The flow Mach number is sufficiently small that the flow and acoustic fields can be modelled separately; however, the effect of the acoustic field in modifying the flow field is accounted for and, in turn, the flow field solution determines the time-dependent source distribution for the acoustic model. This allows the range of flow speeds, or equivalently the associated Strouhal numbers, where resonance is possible to be predicted. It is shown that the Strouhal number based on plate chord (or length) displays a stepping behaviour as the plate length is increased. The main source or sink region where energy is transferred between the acoustic and flow fields is shown to be immediately downstream of the trailing edge of the plate. Visualizations of the numerical solution show that the timing when the vortices enter this region relative to the phase of the acoustic cycle is crucial in determining if resonance can occur and is the cause of the observed stepwise increase. Comparison is made with previous physical experiments.     

LES Investigation of the Flow Through an Effusion-Cooled Aeronautical Combustor Model

The present study is devoted to the analysis of the behaviour of the flow through an effusion-cooled aeronautical combustor model. High-fidelity calculations are performed on an experimental model of a combustion chamber multi-perforated wall and compared to experimental measurements. The effect of combustion instability on the effusion-cooling system is investigated by studying the interaction of an acoustic wave with the jets-in-crossflow issued from the cooling plate. It is shown that the mass-flow rate through the plate can be drastically reduced by the acoustic wave, which demonstrates the destructive effect that such instability may have on the cooling of an aeronautical combustion chamber.     

Effect of nozzle thickness on the self-excited impinging planar jet

The self-excited oscillation of a large aspect ratio planar jet impinging on a flat plate is investigated experimentally at a single transonic jet velocity to clarify the effect of varying the jet thickness on pattern of jet oscillation and frequency of resulting acoustic tone. The study has been performed for a series of jet thicknesses, 1 mm to 4 mm, each of which is tested for the complete range of plate position, i.e. impingement distance, over which acoustic tones are generated. The results reveal that the jet oscillation is controlled by a fluid-dynamic mechanism for small impingement distances, where the hydrodynamic flow instability controls the jet oscillation without any coupling with local acoustic resonances. At larger impingement distances, a fluid-resonant mechanism becomes dominant, in which one of the various hydrodynamic modes of the jet couples with one of the resonant acoustic modes occurring between the jet nozzle and the impingement plate. Within the fluid-resonant regime, the acoustic tones are found to be controlled by the impingement distance, which is the length scale of the acoustic mode, with the jet thickness having only minor effects on the tone frequency. Flow visualization images of the jet oscillation pattern at a constant impingement distance show that the oscillation occurs at the same hydrodynamic mode of the jet despite a four-fold increase in its thickness. Finally, a feedback model has been developed to predict the frequency of acoustic tones, and has been found to yield reasonable predictions over the tested range of impingement distance and nozzle thickness.     

基于应变梯度中厚板单元的石墨烯振动研究

基于应变梯度理论建立了单层石墨烯等效明德林(Mindlin) 板动力学方程,推导了四边简支明德林中厚板自由振动固有频率的解析解. 提出了一种考虑应变梯度的4 节点36 自由度明德林板单元,利用虚功原理建立了单层石墨烯的等效非局部板有限元模型. 通过对石墨烯振动问题的研究,验证了应变梯度有限元计算结果的收敛性. 运用该有限元法研究了尺寸、振动模态阶数以及非局部参数对石墨烯振动特性的影响. 研究表明,这种单元能够较好地适用于研究考虑复杂边界条件石墨烯的尺度效应问题. 基于应变梯度理论的明德林板所获得石墨烯的固有频率小于基于经典明德林板理论得到的结果. 尺寸较小、模态阶数较高的石墨烯振动尺度效应更加明显. 无论采用应变梯度理论还是经典弹性本构关系,考虑一阶剪切变形的明德林板模型预测的固有频率低于基尔霍夫(Kirchho) 板所预测的固有频率.