用数字散斑相关法研究聚氨酯泡沫塑料的压缩力学性能

提出了一种改进的数字散班相关计算方法，使其能直接进行应变迭代，灵敏度可达１０００με，并对它进行了验证试验。对于两种不同密度的聚氨酯泡沫塑料，采用改进的数字散斑相关法对其压缩力学性能进行了测试，得到了其应力——应变关系及弹性模量等力学参数。     

聚氨酯泡沫塑料在应力波加载下的压缩力学性能研究

通过ＳＨＰＢ冲击实验装置研究了硬质聚氨酯泡沫塑料在应力波加载下的动态力学性能，得到了泡沫塑料在较高应变率下的应力－应变曲线；确定了泡沫塑料的动态屈服强度和动态弹性模量等力学参数，并同落锤冲击实验及准静态压缩实验的结果进行了比较。     

硬质聚氨酯泡沫塑料隔爆性能的研究

对四种不同密度的硬质聚氨酯泡沫塑料（简称ＲＰＵＦ）隔爆性能进行了研究。发现随着ＲＰＵＦ材料密度的增加，其被发雷管爆炸概率为５０％时的隔板厚度不断下降。对密度为０．０９１和０．３４５ｇ／ｃｍ３的ＲＰＵＦ材料作了静态压缩及动态冲击压缩试验（应变率为１０３ｓ－１）。结果表明此材料具有较好的吸能缓冲性能，并且在所研究的密度范围内，随着密度的增加，材料的吸能缓冲性能增加，隔爆性能也增强。     

骨料对混凝土材料冲击压缩行为的影响

利用大尺寸Hopkinson压杆，以实验数据为依据，研究了四种不同骨料尺寸的普通混凝土材料和两种不同配比的钢纤维增强混凝土材料在冲击载荷下的压缩强度，从唯象的角度分析了骨料性质及其粒径对混凝土材料动态压缩性能的影响及可能的力学机理，为在工程上更好地利用混凝土材料提供一定的理论和实验的支持。     

聚氨酯泡沫塑料压缩杨氏模量的理论预测

通过微分法导出了泡沫塑料剪切模量和体积模量所满足的微分方程组，再利用联系泡沫塑料泊松比和孔隙比的Ｋｅｒｎｅｒ－Ｒｕｓｃｈ经验关系及泡沫塑料弹性常数间满足足的关系，在基体材料不可压缩的假设下，确定了泡沫塑料的杨氏模量。本文针对几种密度的泡沫塑料，分别对它们的杨氏模量进行了理论预测和实验测定，结果表明：理论预测的模量在较高密度下与实验符合的很好，在低密度下也给出相当好的近似值。此外，本文的结果同其他理     

硬质聚氨酯泡沫塑料的SHPB实验研究

本文对四种不同密度的硬质聚氨酯泡沫塑料（ＲＰＵＦ）的静态及动态力学性能进行了研究，并对分离式Ｈｏｐｋｉｎｓｏｎ压杆（ＳＨＰＢ）实验中ＲＰＵＦ试样的长径比进行了讨论。静态实验的结果说明了ＲＰＵＦ的弹性模量及屈服应力都随密度增加而增大，并且随密度增加，材料的屈服平台逐渐消失。ＳＨＰＢ实验结果表明ＲＰＵＦ对变形应变率有一定的敏感性且其敏感性随密度增加而稍有降低     

石英纤维布氰酸酯树脂基复合材料的环境试验性能研究

对石英纤维布增强氰酸酯树脂基复合材料进行了常温、低温和湿热三种环境下的拉伸、压缩、面内剪切、层间剪切和钉孔挤压等试验研究,得到了该复合材料的拉伸压缩面内剪切的强度和弹性模量以及层间剪切强度和钉孔挤压强度等力学性能参数。结果表明:石英纤维布增强氰酸酯树脂基复合材料的力学性能参数具有温度相关性。在低温环境下,力学性能参数不同程度地增强,最大增长量达40%;而在高温环境下,力学性能参数则明显下降,最高下降量达到56%。另外,由于复合材料的层间性能主要由基体决定,所以湿热环境对复合材料层间性能的影响很大,在工程实际中应特别关注。     

微孔泡沫塑料力学行为的研究综述

对微孔泡沫塑料力学行为的研究文献进行了综述,简单介绍了微孔泡沫塑料的制备和表征方法,重点介绍了微孔泡沫塑料力学性能的研究工作,其中也包括作者近期在该领域的一些工作.这些工作主要讨论了微孔泡沫塑料的压缩、拉伸、冲击、疲劳和黏弹性效应.最后,给出了对该领域工作的一些讨论和展望.      

硬质聚氨酯泡沫塑料的缓冲吸能特性评估

在对泡沫塑料缓冲吸能特性评估的常用方法进行分析后，对四种密度硬质聚氨酯泡沫塑料在各种应变率下的缓冲吸能特性进行了评估，并介绍了本构关系在泡沫材料缓冲吸能特性评估中的应用。     

混凝土高温动态压缩力学性能实验

利用一种新的快速加热混凝土的方法和SHPB实验系统对自制混凝土进行了不同温度下的动态 压缩初步实验,发现了混凝土在高温下的动态压缩力学性能的规律性:在高温动态压缩条件下,温度变化是影 响混凝土力学性能的主要因素,应变率的影响是次要因素。另外,该混凝土高温动态压缩破坏可以分为2种 模式(裂纹模式和破碎模式)     

复合泡沫塑料力学行为的研究综述

复合泡沫塑料是一种重要的防护材料,它在国防工业和民用工业各部门均有许多重要的应用,对这类材料的力学行为进行研究具有重要的学术价值和应用前景.本文对复合泡沫塑料力学行为的研究文献进行了综述.首先,对复合泡沫塑料力学行为研究的早期工作进行了简介.然后,重点介绍了复合泡沫塑料力学行为研究的最新进展,其中也包括作者近期在该领域开展的一些工作;对复合泡沫塑料进行了静、动态压缩实验和细观加载实验,研究了材料的宏观变形规律和细观失效机制;在理论研究方面,探讨了复合泡沫塑料的能量吸收和缓冲特性,从宏、细观力学分析出发研究了复合泡沫塑料有关力学性能的理论预测问题;还利用计算机和通用软件对高密度复合泡沫塑料进行了有限元分析,研究了高密度复合泡沫塑料的失效行为.最后,给出对该领域研究工作的一些展望.      

Investigation of the special characteristics of the propagation and reflection of pressure waves in a porous medium

In view of the wide use of porous materials in technology there arises the need to investigate the dynamic processes taking place in them. The main difference between a porous substance and a solid condensed material is the fact that the condensed phase occupies only part of the volume of the porous medium, which leads to a lowered volumetric density and to a large degree of compressibility. There is particular interest in polymeric media with a small density on the order of 20 kg/m³, in which up to 98% of the volume is occupied by the gas phase. Such a density is achieved if the medium has a cellular structure of the foam, for example, in polyurethane foam plastics. At the present time, only the elastic properties of polyurethane foam plastics under the action of cyclic [1] and impact [2, 3] loads are known. Questions of the formation of pressure waves in such a medium, with the refraction in it of a shock wave from the gas, of the structure of the wave propagating over the foam plastic, as well as the special characteristics of its reflection from the interface, remain unclear. In the experiments described below, an investigation was made of pressure waves with intensities up to 20 bars in elastic polyurethane foams (PUF) with a porosity of 0.98 and the special characteristics of the reflection of such waves from a rigid wall were also determined.     

聚氨酯泡沫塑料的强度与断裂韧性

针对3种密度的聚氨酯泡沫塑料进行了拉伸实验。通过无缺口试件确定了3种密度泡沫塑料的拉伸断裂强度,而利用有缺口试件确定了这些材料的拉伸断裂韧性。为了研究高密度泡沫塑料的拉伸断裂机制,还对破坏后试件进行了扫描电镜分析。此外,还简要讨论了泡沫塑料拉伸断裂力学性能的理论预测问题。     

含金属微粉泡沫材料中爆炸波衰减规律实验研究

设计并制备了一种新型的聚氨酯泡沫材料,研究了爆炸波在该材料中的衰减规律.材料的主要设计原理是在聚氨酯材料中均匀混合了10μm量级的金属微粉,以提高骨架的吸热能力,从而提高其抗爆性能.搭建了实验平台并分别测量了爆炸波在相同孔隙率下含金属微粉和不含金属微粉的聚氨酯材料,同时测量了不同金属微粉含量的聚氨酯材料中的传播特性.实验结果表明:含金属微粉的聚氨酯材料具有更好的抗爆性能.     

Dynamic characterization of compliant materials using an all-polymeric split Hopkinson bar

The split Hopkinson bar is a reliable experimental technique for measuring high strain rate properties of high-strength materials. Attempts to apply the split Hopkinson bar in measurement on more compliant materials, such as plastics, rubbers and foams, suffer from limitations on the maximum achievable strain and from high noise-to-signal ratios. The present work introduces and all-polymeric split Hopkinson bar (APSHB) experiment, which overcomes these limitations. The proposed method uses polymeric pressure bars to achieve a closer impedance match between the pressure bars and the specimen materials, thus providing both a low noise-to-signal ratio data and a longer input pulse for higher maximum strain. The APSHB requires very careful data reduction procedures because of the viscoelastic behavior of the incident and transmitter pressure bars. High-quality stress-strain data for a variety of compliant materials, such as polycarbonate, polyurethane foam and styrofoam, are presented.     

Modelling open cell-foams based on the Weaire–Phelan unit cell with a minimal surface energy approach

The complex architecture of open cell foams has most often been described by Kelvin cell models. It has been shown that the accuracy to predict the elastic properties of open cell foams increases with an increasing level of detail and resemblance to real foam microstructures. However, the Kelvin cell does not possess pentagonal faces which are the most abundant within real open cell foams. Therefore this study focuses on the use of the Weaire–Phelan unit cell to model the elastic properties of an open cell polyurethane foam. Optical and scanning electron microscopy were used to characterise the architecture of the open cell foam. Surface Evolver software was used to minimize the surface energy and introduce the typical architectural characteristics of the open cell foam to the FE-model. The E-modulus and Poisson coefficient of the Kelvin and Weaire–Phelan cell show a similar behaviour as a function of density. The Weaire–Phelan cell predicts however a higher dependency of the shear modulus on the density. When the influence of the elongation of the cells in the rise direction of the foam and the uncertainty of the solid material properties of the polyurethane is taken into account, a good accuracy of the Kelvin cell and Weaire–Phelan structure based FE-models versus experimental compression tests is found.     

The elastic–plastic behaviour of foam under shock loading

An experimental investigation of the elastic–plastic nature of shock wave propagation in foams was undertaken. The study involved experimental blast wave and shock tube loading of three foams, two polyurethane open-cell foams and a low-density polyethylene closed-cell foam. Evidence of precursor waves was observed in all three foam samples under various compressive wave loadings. Experiments with an impermeable membrane are used to determine if the precursor wave in an open-cell foam is a result of gas filtration or an elastic response of the foam. The differences between quasi-static and shock compression of foams is discussed in terms of their compressive strain histories and the implications for the energy absorption capacity of foam in both loading scenarios. Through a comparison of shock tube and blast wave loading techniques, suggestions are made concerning the accurate measurements of the principal shock Hugoniot in foams.     

Development of the polymeric split hopkinson bar technique

A compression version of the split Hopkinson bar with pressure bars and a striker, which are made of Plexiglas (a material with low density and velocity of sound) is developed. The technique is designed to determine stress—strain diagrams under high strain rates of highly deformable materials with low density and strength, such as plastics, foams, and rubbers. Dynamic stress—strain curves in compression for spheroplastic, foam plastic, and rubber are presented, which were obtained using the technique developed.     

Structure—property relationships in the development of bituminous foams from MDI based prepolymers

Stable bituminous foams based on diphenyl methane-4,4′ diisocyanate (MDI–isocyanate prepolymers) that combine bituminous membranes and polyurethane foams into one material are promising new materials. They are produced in a two-step process: firstly, a reactive modified bitumen is obtained by mixing a bitumen and a prepolymer, and, secondly, a bituminous foam is formed by a reaction of an excess of water with the remaining isocyanate groups. The prepolymer was formed from a polypropylene glycol (PPG) polymer of a molecular weight of about 2,000 g/mol and MDI. The main goal of this study was to investigate the effect that both free MDI (not bonded to the PPG) and polyol (soft segment) exert on the thermorheological behaviour of bituminous polyurethane materials. The results obtained show that free MDI molecules are mostly responsible of the improvement of the viscoelastic and viscous response at high in-service temperatures due to the chemical reaction that give rise to rigid polyurethane and polyurea rigid blocks. PPG molecules partially inhibit the abovementioned effect but improve the low-temperature properties (lower glass transition temperatures). In general, for the used polyol, a good balance of rigidity and flexibility can be obtained if enough amount of a prepolymer containing a molar ratio of MDI/PPG of 5 is used.     

高聚物牺牲包层对钢筋混凝土板的爆炸毁伤缓解效应

为研究高聚物牺牲包层对钢筋混凝土结构的爆炸毁伤缓解效应，开展了带高聚物牺牲包层钢筋混凝土板的接触爆炸试验，同时设置了普通钢筋混凝土板作为对照组，对比分析了高聚物牺牲包层对钢筋混凝土板毁伤特征的影响。此外，运用AUTODYN软件建立了现场爆炸试验的SPH-FEM耦合模型，通过与试验结果的对比，验证了所建耦合模型的可靠性。在此基础上，通过参数敏感性分析，探究了炸药量和高聚物牺牲包层密度、厚度对带高聚物牺牲包层钢筋混凝土板毁伤特性以及吸能特性的影响。结果表明：接触爆炸下，高聚物牺牲包层能够有效地分散爆炸荷载，缓解爆炸荷载对钢筋混凝土板的冲击作用，具有良好的防护性能；药量在一定范围内增大时，高聚物牺牲包层依然能维持较高的吸能水平，增大包层密度和厚度有利于增强高聚物牺牲包层的吸能特性，包层厚度的变化会造成被保护钢筋混凝土板毁伤模式的改变。