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1.
Stress calculation formulae for a ring have been obtained by using Airy stress function of the plane strain field with the decomposition of the solutions for normal stresses of Airy biharmonic equation into two parts when it is loaded under two opposite inside forces along a diameter. One part should fulfill a constraint condition about normal stress distribution along the circumference at an energy valley to do the minimum work. Other part is a stress residue constant. In order to verify these formulae and the computed results, the computed contour lines of equi-maximal shear stresses were plotted and quite compared with that of photo-elasticity test results. This constraint condition about normal stress distribution along circumference is confirmed by using Greens’ theorem. An additional compression exists along the circumference of the loaded ring, explaining the divorcement and displacement of singularity points at inner and outer boundaries.  相似文献   

2.
The thermal properties of a nanostructured semiconductor are affected by multi-physical fields,such as stress and electromagnetic fields,causing changes in temperature and strain distributions.In this work,the influence of stress-dependent thermal conductivity on the heat transfer behavior of a GaN-based nanofilm is investigated.The finite element method is adopted to simulate the temperature distribution in a prestressed nanofilm under heat pulses.Numerical results demonstrate the effect of stress field on the thermal conductivity of GaN-based nanofilm,namely,the prestress and the thermal stress lead to a change in the heat transfer behavior in the nanofilm.Under the same heat source,the peak temperature of the film with stress-dependent thermal conductivity is significantly lower than that of the film with a constant thermal conductivity and the maximum temperature difference can reach 8.2 K.These results could be useful for designing GaN-based semiconductor devices with higher reliability under multi-physical fields.  相似文献   

3.
The aim of this study is to describe the main behavior of cement-based materials under large compression state based on the recent experimental research. In this paper, the strainstress relations are firstly analyzed and confining pressure state is regarded as low/medium/high state. A generalized cup modeling is introduced by a coupled deviatoric shearing, pore collapse and damage mechanism within thermodynamic framework. A series of numerical simulations are performed for the considered cement paste and concrete. Comparisons between numerical predictions and experimental results show that the proposed model is able to describe the main features of mechanical behavior under large range of compression state.  相似文献   

4.
The present work deals with the computation of the gas-solid two-phase flow pressure drop across thin and thick orifices for a vertically downward flow configuration at the higher limits of a dilute phase flow situation(0.01≤αs,in≤0.10).The Eulerian-Eulerian(two-fluid)model has been used in conjunction with the kinetic theory of granular flow with a four-way coupling approach.The validation of the solution process has been performed by comparing the computational result with the existing experimental data.It is observed that the two-phase flow pressure drop across the orifice increases with an increase in the thickness of the orifice,and the effect is more prominent at higher solid loading.The pressure drop is found to increase with an increase in the solid volume fraction.An increase in the Reynolds number or the area ratio increases the pressure drop.An increase in the size of the particles reduces the pressure drop across the orifice at both small and relatively large solid volume fractions.Finally,a two-phase multiplier has been proposed in terms of the relevant parameters,which can be useful to evaluate the gas-solid two-phase flow pressure drop across the orifice and can subsequently help to improve the system performance.  相似文献   

5.
6.
Open-sided draft tubes provide an optimal gas distribution through a cross flow pattern between the spout and the annulus in conical spouted beds.The design,optimization,control,and scale-up of the spouted beds require precise information on operating and peak pressure drops.In this study,a multi-layer perceptron(MLP)neural network was employed for accurate prediction of these hydrodynamic characteristics.A relatively huge number of experiments were accomplished and the most influential dimensionless groups were extracted using the Buckingham-pi theorem.Then,the dimensionless groups were used for developing the MLP model for simultaneous estimation of operating and peak pressure drops.The iterative constructive technique confirmed that 4-14-2 is the best structure for the MLP model in terms of absolute average relative deviation(AARD%),mean square error(MSE),and regression coefficient(R2).The developed MLP approach has an excellent capacity to predict the transformed operating(MSE=0.00039,AARD%=1.30,and R2=0.76099)and peak(MSE=0.22933,AARD%=11.88,and R2=0.89867)pressure drops.  相似文献   

7.
为了评估弹体飞行中产生的气动热对弹头引信的影响,采用计算流体动力学(CFD)方法对某火箭弹标准外形引信体在飞行条件下的气动加热过程进行了数值计算与分析.计算中,将获得的某火箭弹实际弹道参数进行了分段线性拟合,得到了计算域入口处的速度、温度、压强与时间的函数关系;结合分析对象的特点,采用结构化网格、远场压力边界条件、k-ε模型,利用有限体积法、耦合求解法模式、二阶迎风格式进行求解,得出了某火箭弹标准外形引信在弹道中不同时刻的温度场变化规律.计算结果与遥测试验结果的比较表明:两者变化的趋势及量值大小相吻合,两者的最大误差为13.0%,满足工程应用要求.  相似文献   

8.
Computational fluid dynamics(CFD)has become a valuable tool to study the complex gas-solid hydrodynamics in the circulating fluidized bed(CFB).Based on the two fluid model(TFM)under the Eulerian-Eulerian framework and the dense discrete phase model(DDPM)under the Eulerian-Lagrangian framework,this work conducts the comparative study of the gas-solid hydrodynamics in a CFB riser by these two different models.Results show that DDPM could be used to predict gas-solid hydrodynamics in the circulating fluidized bed,and there are differences between TFM and DDPM,especially in the radial distribution profiles of solid phase.Sensitivity analysis results show that the gas-solid drag model exhibits significant effects on the results for both the two models.The specularity coefficient and the restitution coefficient in the TFM,as well as the reflection coefficient and the parcel number in the DDPM,exhibit less impact on the simulated results.  相似文献   

9.
A torsional static and free vibration analysis of the functionally graded nanotube(FGNT)composed of two materials varying continuously according to the power-law along the radial direction is performed using the bi-Helmholtz kernel based stress-driven nonlocal integral model.The differential governing equation and boundary conditions are deduced on the basis of Hamilton’s principle,and the constitutive relationship is expressed as an integral equation with the bi-Helmholtz kernel.Several nominal variables are introduced to simplify the differential governing equation,integral constitutive equation,and boundary conditions.Rather than transforming the constitutive equation from integral to differential forms,the Laplace transformation is used directly to solve the integro-differential equations.The explicit expression for nominal torsional rotation and torque contains four unknown constants,which can be determined with the help of two boundary conditions and two extra constraints from the integral constitutive relation.A few benchmarked examples are solved to illustrate the nonlocal influence on the static torsion of a clamped-clamped(CC)FGNT under torsional constraints and a clamped-free(CF)FGNT under concentrated and uniformly distributed torques as well as the torsional free vibration of an FGNT under different boundary conditions.  相似文献   

10.
Hierarchical defects are defined as adjacent defects at different length scales.Involved are the two scales where the stress field distribution is interrelated.Based on the complex variable method and conformal mapping,a multiscale framework for solving the problems of hierarchical defects is formulated.The separated representations of mapping function,the governing equations of potentials,and the stress field are subsequently obtained.The proposed multiscale framework can be used to solve a variety of simplified engineering problems.The case in point is the analytical solution of a macroscopic elliptic hole with a microscopic circular edge defect.The results indicate that the microscopic defect aggregates the stress concentration on the macroscopic defect and likely leads to global propagation and rupture.Multiple micro-defects have interactive effects on the distribution of the stress field.The level of stress concentration may be reduced by the coalescence of micro-defects.This work provides a unified method to analytically investigate the influence of edge micro-defects within the scope of multiscale hierarchy.The formulated multiscale approach can also be potentially applied to materials with hierarchical defects,such as additive manufacturing and bio-inspired materials.  相似文献   

11.
The dynamic elastic response of a floating ship hull girder to an underwater explosion bubble is normally composed of two parts: rigid-body motion and elastic deformation. However, the effects of rigid-body motion have consistently been neglected in the current literature based on the assumption that they are small. In this paper, our focus is on the study of rigid-body motion effects on the hull girder's elastic deformation, also known as the ‘whipping response’. A theory of interaction between a gas bubble and a hull girder is presented. The bubble dynamic equations combined with the bubble migration, free surface effect and drag force considerations are solved numerically using the Runge–Kutta method. The rigid-body and elastic responses of the hull that are induced by the impulsive pressure of a bubble are calculated using the methods presented herein. Two different examples of real ships are given to demonstrate the effect of rigid-body motion on whipping responses. The numerical results show that rigid-body motions reduce the amplitudes and vibration natural periods of the bending moments of the hull girder. These effects can be ignored for slender hulls, but must be taken into consideration for shorter/wider hulls so as not to underestimate the longitudinal strength.  相似文献   

12.
《Comptes Rendus Mecanique》2019,347(12):953-966
Piezoelectric bimorph actuators are used in a variety of applications, including micro positioning, vibration control, and micro robotics. The nature of the aforementioned applications calls for the dynamic characteristics identification of actuator at the embodiment design stage. For decades, many linear models have been presented to describe the dynamic behavior of this type of actuators; however, in many situations, such as resonant actuation, the piezoelectric actuators exhibit a softening nonlinear behavior; hence, an accurate dynamic model is demanded to properly predict the nonlinearity. In this study, first, the nonlinear stress–strain relationship of a piezoelectric material at high frequencies is modified. Then, based on the obtained constitutive equations and Euler–Bernoulli beam theory, a continuous nonlinear dynamic model for a piezoelectric bending actuator is presented. Next, the method of multiple scales is used to solve the discretized nonlinear differential equations. Finally, the results are compared with the ones obtained experimentally and nonlinear parameters are identified considering frequency response and phase response simultaneously. Also, in order to evaluate the accuracy of the proposed model, it is tested out of the identification range as well.  相似文献   

13.
为了研究基于竖轴水轮机的漂浮式潮流能发电装置的运动衰减特性与不规则波响应,提出了基于船模拖曳水池的系泊试验方法,设计了试验模型和装置,构建了系泊试验平台,进行了组合模型的自由衰减试验、系泊衰减试验和系泊状态下的不规则波响应试验. 衰减试验中测量了模型的摇动衰减特性,不规则波响应试验中测量了系缆的拉力响应和组合模型的摇动响应. 试验研究得到了关于漂浮式潮流能发电装置的衰减运动特性和4级海况、0.6m/s流速时1号系缆的拉力响应以及组合模型的摇动响应. 研究可为基于竖轴水轮机的漂浮式潮流能发电装置的理论研究和工程应用提供参考和借鉴.  相似文献   

14.
A linear isothermal dynamic model for a porous medium saturated by two immiscible fluids is developed in the paper. In contrast to the mixture theory, phase separation is avoided by introducing one energy for the porous medium. It is an important advantage of the model based on one energy approach that it can account for the couplings between the phases. The volume fraction of each phase is characterized by the porosity of the porous medium and the saturation of the wetting phase. The mass and momentum balance equations are constructed according to the generalized mixture theory. Constitutive relations for the stress, pore pressure are derived from the free energy function. A capillary pressure relaxation model characterizing one attenuation mechanism of the two-fluid saturated porous medium is introduced under the constraint of the entropy inequality. In order to describe the momentum interaction between the fluids and the solid, a frequency independent drag force model is introduced. The details of parameter estimation are discussed in the paper. It is demonstrated that all the material parameters in our model can be calculated by the phenomenological parameters, which are measurable. The equations of motion in the frequency domain are obtained in terms of the Fourier transformation. In terms of the equations of motion in the frequency domain, the wave velocities and the attenuations for three P waves and one S wave are calculated. The influences of the capillary pressure relaxation coefficient and the saturation of the wetting phase on the velocities and attenuation coefficients for the four wave modes are discussed in the numerical examples.  相似文献   

15.
A linear isothermal dynamic model for a porous medium saturated by a Newtonian fluid is developed in the paper. In contrast to the mixture theory, the assumption of phase separation is avoided by introducing a single constitutive energy function for the porous medium. An important advantage of the proposed model is it can account for the couplings between the solid skeleton and the pore fluid. The mass and momentum balance equations are obtained according to the generalized mixture theory. Constitutive relations for the stress, the pore pressure are derived from the total free energy accounting for inter-phase interaction. In order to describe the momentum interaction between the fluid and the solid, a frequency independent Biot-type drag force model is introduced. A temporal variable porosity model with relaxation accounting for additional attenuation is introduced for the first time. The details of parameter estimation are discussed in the paper. It is demonstrated that all the material parameters in our model can be estimated from directly measurable phenomenological parameters. In terms of the equations of motion in the frequency domain, the wave velocities and the attenuations for the two P waves and one S wave are calculated. The influences of the porosity relaxation coefficient on the velocities and attenuation coefficients of the three waves of the porous medium are discussed in a numerical example.  相似文献   

16.
In this paper we are interested in numerical modeling of ‘dynamic’ phenomenon of squat by finite elements analysis. It proposes a set of modular numerical tools; therefore, interchangeable. This model enables the study of the interaction between a two‐dimensional potential flow in highly restricted waterways on irregular shaped bottom with stationary free surface in taking into account the dynamic response of a ship. The proposed model has been used to validate a stability model based on the extension of the one‐dimensional theory of Schijf to the dynamic effects by pointing out stable and unstable squat positions for a ship. It is also shown that for two cases of depth change in shallow water (‘step’), unstable position may be reached. Copyright © 2009 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.  相似文献   

17.
结构受冲击时由不同材料引起比例模型与全尺寸原型的畸变, 通常通过修正比例模型的速度或密度进行补偿. 然而传统的修正方法, 存在需预先测试结构响应、依赖特殊本构方程、不能反映动态过程的缺陷, 因而限制了相似理论在比例模型试验中的直接应用. 本文提出了一种不同材料畸变问题的直接相似方法. 它通过建立应变率区间上比例模型预测的流动屈服应力与原型流动屈服应力的最佳逼近关系, 直接获得了修正速度或修正密度的比例因子, 完成了比例模型与原型的动态相似关系. 基于Norton-Hoff, Cowper-Symonds, Johnson-Cook三种经典的本构模型, 研究了材料应变率敏感性特征参数、参考应变率、屈服应力、密度在动态相似关系中的作用. 并通过受质量冲击的折板结构算例, 验证了直接相似方法的有效性. 分析表明, 本文提出的直接相似方法不需要预先测试结构的响应, 不依赖特殊的本构方程、强调动态相似特性, 具有直接、高效、通用的特点. 此外, 动态相似关系的最佳逼近效果, 受材料应变率敏感性特征参数控制, 屈服应力、密度和参考应变率影响不大; 当比例模型应变率敏感性特征参数与原型相近, 可获得最佳逼近.   相似文献   

18.
李凯玲  张亚  刘妮娜 《力学学报》2007,15(4):534-538
本文对土的动力特性本构模型以及土-结构的接触面模型进行了较详细的探讨,最后分别选用非线性等价粘弹性模型和Ramberg-Osgood模型。分析表明,在进行模型试验设计时,不仅材料要满足相似性原理,而且在设计边界条件和地震波输入时也应以上述模型为参照。通过对一圆形隧道的地震反应分析,表明拱顶处的最大动应力是圆形隧道出现裂痕的主要原因,进而分析了孔隙率对结构横向变形的影响,分析结果与实际工程情况较为吻合。本文的研究成果可为地铁隧道的抗震设计提供一定的参考意见。  相似文献   

19.
粘弹性地基钢板爆炸焊接的计算模型   总被引:2,自引:0,他引:2  
提出了一个钢坯爆炸焊接的计算模型。模型的数学表达式表明了振型函数、广义坐标及其频率与钢坯力学性能、土基力学性能和钢坯尺寸的具体关系。通过挠度的解析表达式,可获得这种爆炸加工的动态响应特性,为工程实践中优化参数和动态分析提供了有效工具。  相似文献   

20.
In this paper, dynamic similarity conditions are derived for discrete element simulations by non-dimensionalising the governing equations. These conditions must be satisfied so that the numerical model is a good representation of the physical phenomenon. For a pure mechanical system, if three independent ratios of the corresponding quantities between the two models are set, then the ratios of other quantities must be chosen according to the similarity principles. The scalability of linear and non-linear contact laws is also investigated. Numerical tests of 3D uni-axial compression are carried out to verify the theoretical results. Another example is presented to show how to calibrate the model according to laboratory data and similarity conditions. However, it is impossible to reduce computer time by scaling up or down certain parameters and continue to uphold the similarity conditions. The results in this paper provide guidelines to assist discrete element modelers in setting up the model parameters in a physically meaningful way.  相似文献   

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