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1.
细观尺度下岩石热变形破坏的实验研究   总被引:4,自引:0,他引:4  
谢卫红  高峰  谢和平 《实验力学》2005,20(4):628-634
利用带扫描电镜的高温疲劳试验机等目前最先进的实验手段,实时观测了在温度和载荷同时作用下岩石在单向压缩和和拉伸中微细观结构的变化、缺陷演化方式和变形破坏过程,针对岩石的热膨胀是不可逆的,即它会受加温历史的影响,加热时和冷却后岩石结构有差异的特点,对岩石在温度载荷作用下的细观结构特征和细观破坏机理进行了较为系统的实验研究。得到了在不同载荷和温度作用下岩石中微裂纹萌生、扩展、断裂破坏等各个阶段清晰的SEM图像和数据。结合实时观测得到的数据和高清晰度图片,分析研究了岩石热细观损伤特性,探讨了载荷和温度的变化对岩石细观结构的影响。  相似文献   

2.
混凝土单轴压缩下细观损伤特性的CT研究   总被引:4,自引:1,他引:3  
混凝土是一种非均质的材料,在细观层次上将混凝土看作由骨料、砂浆和两者之间的界面组成的三相复合材料.本文利用CT技术对混凝土的细观损伤过程进行实时扫描观测,获得了混凝土试件实时静力压缩CT图像,提取出图像上各点的CT数并根据分区理论定义了一个基于CT数的统计损伤变量.通过对图像和CT数以及损伤变量的分析表明混凝土试件在静力压缩条件下经历了压密阶段、扩容阶段,损伤急剧增大到破坏的细观损伤演化全过程,以此反映了混凝土细观损伤演化的特性.进而通过细观损伤对混凝土材料裂纹的扩展、贯通以及最后失稳破坏的破坏实质进行了有益的探索.  相似文献   

3.
岩石加卸荷破坏细观机理CT实时分析   总被引:2,自引:0,他引:2  
代革联  李新虎 《力学学报》2004,12(1):104-108
利用与CT(computerizedtomography)机配套的专用岩石三轴加载试验设备 ,采用CT实时试验的手段对连续加载试验条件下和卸围压应力作用下砂岩破坏细观机理进行了对比研究。结果表明 ,岩石的卸荷损伤演化破坏具有突发性 ,卸围压破坏导致的扩容比连续加载破坏时大.  相似文献   

4.
岩石细观损伤破坏的观测研究   总被引:15,自引:0,他引:15  
尚嘉兰  李廷芥 《实验力学》1999,14(3):373-383
利用扫描电镜( S E M ),对香港白岗岩等岩样在单轴压缩状态下,进行细观结构(μm 尺度)观察,研究其微损伤的萌生、扩展、连接直至破坏的行为,分析了白岗岩等岩石的细观破坏机制及其与宏观力学行为的关系,得到了一些重要的感性认识和若干观察记录.为认识岩爆发生的机理及复杂应力状态下岩石损伤破坏的理论分析提供了实验依据  相似文献   

5.
爆生气体作用下岩石裂纹的扩展机理   总被引:29,自引:0,他引:29  
在爆生气体作用下 ,爆破近区的裂纹在气体驱动压力下扩展 ,而爆破中区的裂纹扩展是在气体膨胀压力场和原岩应力共同作用下发生的。基于岩石细观损伤断裂理论 ,认为裂纹扩展的过程就是裂纹尖端到周围岩石的逐渐损伤引起的损伤区移动过程 ;建立了这两个区域的损伤断裂准则和裂纹尖端的损伤局部化模型 ,可以更好地反映爆生气体作用下裂纹扩展的实际过程。  相似文献   

6.
建立岩石微裂纹扩展的细观力学模型,研究了岩石的细观损伤和塑性性质.压缩载荷下微裂纹尖端翼裂纹稳定扩展表征岩石的细观损伤,采用应变能密度准则求解复合型断裂的翼裂纹扩展长度,微裂隙统计的二参数Weibull函数模型反映绝对体积应变对微裂纹分布数目影响,进而用翼裂纹扩展所表征的应力释放体积和微裂纹数目来表示含有微裂隙的岩石损伤演化变量;宏观塑性屈服函数采用Voyiadjis等的等效塑性应变的硬化函数,反映了塑性内变量对硬化函数的影响;建立岩石模型的本构关系及其数值算法,并用回映隐式积分算法编制了模型的本构程序.分析弹塑性损伤模型的围压对岩石损伤的影响,并从围压和短微裂隙长度等因素分析模型的岩石的损伤和宏观塑性特性.  相似文献   

7.
岩石爆破损伤断裂的细观机理   总被引:31,自引:2,他引:29  
基于现有岩石爆破机理和岩石细观损伤力学 ,认为岩石爆破损伤断裂过程包含有爆炸应力波的初期动态损伤演化阶段和后期爆生气体作用下的准静态损伤演化阶段 ,并分别建立了这两个阶段的损伤模型和断裂准则 ,阐述了岩石爆破损伤断裂的细观理论。  相似文献   

8.
混凝土是一种非均质的材料,在细观层次上将混凝土看作由骨料、砂浆和两者之间的界面组成的三相复合材料.本文在对混凝土进行单轴压缩试验的基础上,根据CT扫描图像反映的细观破损过程,分析了基于CT数平均值变化规律的特点;将混凝土材料的损伤过程进行了分段,提出了损伤变量的提取方法.随后结合试验得到的宏观应力应变曲线,经过拟合得到...  相似文献   

9.
动态压缩荷载作用下,脆性岩石内部动态细观裂纹扩展特性,对岩石宏观动态力学特性有着重要的影响。然而,对岩石内部动态细观裂纹扩展与宏观动态力学特性的关系研究较少。基于准静态裂纹扩展作用下的应力-应变本构模型、准静态与动态裂纹扩展断裂韧度关系、裂纹速率与应变率关系模型及应变率与动态断裂韧度关系,提出了一种基于细观力学的动态应力-应变本构模型。其中裂纹速率与应变率关系,是根据裂纹长度与应变关系的时间导数推出;应变率与动态断裂韧度关系,是根据推出的裂纹速率及应变率关系,与裂纹速率及断裂韧度关系相结合而得到。研究了应变率对应力-应变本构关系及动态压缩强度影响。并通过试验结果验证了模型的合理性。讨论了岩石初始损伤、围压、模型中参数m、ε0和R对应力-应变关系、动态压缩强度和动态弹性模量的影响。研究结果可为动态压缩荷载作用下深部地下工程脆性围岩稳定性分析提供了一定的理论支持。  相似文献   

10.
应力波动力扰动下脆性岩石的静力蠕变特性,对深部地下工程围岩变形的评价有重要的实践意义.动力载荷作用导致的局部细观裂纹损伤严重影响脆性岩石蠕变力学行为.基于细观裂纹扩展与应力关系模型、动力扰动损伤演化函数、静动力载荷演化路径函数与黏弹性本构模型,提出一种应力波动力扰动下脆性岩石蠕变断裂特性的宏细观力学模型.其中动力损伤通过控制岩石内部细观裂纹数量变化实现.模型描述了应力波动力扰动下岩石的应变时间演化曲线,解释了岩石动力扰动下蠕变失效特性.研究了不同应力波幅值及周期影响下的脆性岩石应变-时间关系曲线,并通过试验结果验证了模型的合理性.讨论了动力损伤变化形式,突变发生时刻,突变量的大小对岩石蠕变失效特性的影响.分析了应力波幅值、周期对岩石动态动力损伤效应以及蠕变失效特性的影响.主要研究结果:动力损伤的变化值越大,岩石蠕变失效发生时间越短.冲击载荷扰动期间,动力损伤发生的时刻及增加的形式,对动力扰动后的岩石应变及蠕变破坏时间影响很小.动力损伤变化量随应力波幅值增加、周期减小而加速增大.应力波幅值越大、周期越小,岩石发生蠕变失效时间越短.  相似文献   

11.
岩石破裂过程研究一直是岩石力学专家关注的重要问题。本文采用特制的三轴压力仪与医用西门子SOMATOM -plusCT扫描仪结合 ,对砂岩进行了室内单轴压缩试验。通过对砂岩的CT图像和密度损伤增量与应力关系曲线分析 ,结果显示 ,砂岩的破裂演化过程可分为初始损伤的压密、裂纹出现—扩展、裂纹归并—分岔、裂纹重分岔—扩展以及裂纹惯通—宏观破坏等五个阶段。在初始损伤的压密阶段 ,砂岩的密度损伤增量为正值 ,速率也为正 ;在裂纹出现—扩展阶段 ,砂岩出现局部密度损伤增量减小 ,并随应力增加而由正值转为负值 ,速率也由正变负 ;在裂纹归并—分岔阶段 ,砂岩的密度损伤增量全为负值 ,速率也变快 ;在裂纹重分岔—扩展阶段 ,砂岩的密度损伤增量继续变负 ,但速率变慢 ;在裂纹惯通—宏观破坏阶段 ,砂岩的密度损伤增量继续变负 ,速率变的更快。  相似文献   

12.
Extensive and detailed investigations have been made to better understand the rock-breaking mechanism of the tunnel boring machine (TBM) disc cutter, but the crack propagation and failure modes induced by the disc cutter when the confining stresses and joint characteristics vary have not been comprehensively investigated. To address this area of research, a triaxial testing machine (TRW-3000) is modified to investigate the effect of different confining stresses (0, 2.5, 5, 7.5 and 10 MPa) on the rock breaking of different joint angles (0°, 30°, 60°, and 90°) induced by the disc cutter. In this series of tests, the crack propagation and failure modes of the intact and jointed rock with different confining stresses are analysed. During the experiments, four different types of failure modes have been observed. The failure mode is affected by the joint orientation at low confining stress. The existence of joints has no obvious effect on the failure mode when the confining stress increases to a certain extent.  相似文献   

13.
The computerized tomography (CT) images and CT values for the process of unloading, micro-cracking, and dilation up to the failure of limestone specimens under different unloading levels have been obtained by using the real-time CT technique. Clear CT images and CT value of the stages from compression of micro-cavities → emergence of micro-cracks → bifurcation → development → coalescence → suddenly collapse → rapid stress drop → unloading can be observed. The CT value, equivalent to rock density in the CT scan layer, is the most important parameter describing the damage evolution process of rock. The paper reveals that the mechanical behaviors of rock under unloading are different from those under loading due to its load-path dependency. It is clear from the experiment that it is easy for failure phenomenon of rock to happen suddenly under unloading. The mechanism of damage evolution of limestone is analyzed. Moreover, a damage model based on CT value and a new failure criterion are established.  相似文献   

14.
张超  杨期君  曹文贵 《应用力学学报》2020,(1):286-292,I0020
针对扰动作用下岩石存在初始缺陷的特点,通过探讨含初始缺陷岩石变形力学特征,根据含初始缺陷岩石弹性模量的变化情况,建立了初始损伤的确定方法。然后,引入几何损伤理论,通过分析三轴压缩条件下岩石损伤演化规律,建立了含初始缺陷岩石损伤模型,进而建立了考虑初始缺陷与弹性模量的岩石统计损伤本构模型,并给出了参数的确定方法。最后,通过砂岩三轴压缩试验资料分析得出:本文理论模型能够反映不同围压作用下含初始缺陷岩石的变形破坏全过程,与试验曲线较为接近;且常见损伤模型是本文理论模型的特例,表明本文模型和方法具有一定的合理性与可行性。  相似文献   

15.
Based on continuum damage mechanics, for jointed rock masses, a fracture damage model is presented in this paper. First, the damage tensors are defined through the elastic-flexibility of intact rock and the equivalent elastic-damage flexibility for rock mass. Then, by the self-consistent principle of solid mechanics, the equivalent elastic-damage flexibility tensors involving the interaction between multicracks are deduced. The damage evolution law is proposed involving the mechanism of crack propagation process: frictional sliding, crack kinking, growing of branched tension cracks, interlinking of the microcracks near branched crack tips leading to the breakthrough of macro-cracks and finally the failure of rock mass. Thus the evolution of damage variables reasonably unified with the process of crack propagation is given. Finally, a plastic-brittle damage constitutive relation including brittle coupled strain rate, developed and applied to the stability analysis of complicated rock foundation of a dam in China, is described in this paper.  相似文献   

16.
A series of triaxial compression experiments were preformed for the coarse marble samples under different loading paths by the rock mechanics servo-controlled testing system. Based on the experimental results of complete stress-strain curves, the influence of loading path on the strength and deformation failure behavior of coarse marble is made a detailed analysis. Three loading paths (Paths I–III) are put forward to confirm the strength parameters (cohesion and internal friction angle) of coarse marble in accordance with linear Mohr-Coulomb criterion. Compared among the strength parameters, two loading paths (i.e. Path II by stepping up the confining pressure and Path III by reducing the confining pressure after peak strength) are suggested to confirm the triaxial strengths of rock under different confining pressures by only one sample, which is very applicable for a kind of rock that has obvious plastic and ductile deformation behavior (e.g. marble, chalk, mudstone, etc.). In order to investigate re-fracture mechanical behavior of rock material, three loading paths (Paths IV–VI) are also put forward for flawed coarse marble. The peak strength and deformation failure mode of flawed coarse marble are found depending on the loading paths (Paths IV–VI). Under lower confining pressures, the peak strength and Young’s modulus of damage sample (compressed until post-peak stress under higher confining pressure) are all lower compared with that of flawed sample; moreover mechanical parameter of damage sample is lower for the larger compressed post-peak plastic deformation of coarse marble. However under higher confining pressures (e.g. σ 3?=?30 MPa), the axial supporting capacity and elastic modulus of damage coarse marble (compressed until post-peak stress under lower confining pressure) is not related to the loading path, while the deformation modulus and peak strain of damage sample depend on the difference of initial confining pressure and post-peak plastic deformation. The friction among crystal grains determines the strength behavior of flawed coarse marble under various loading paths. In the end, the effect of loading path on failure mode of intact and flawed coarse marble is also investigated. The present research provides increased understanding of the fundamental nature of rock failure under different loading paths.  相似文献   

17.
CT技术在岩石损伤检测中的应用研究   总被引:9,自引:1,他引:9  
杨更社  谢定义 《实验力学》1998,13(4):451-456
本文将先进的计算机层析(CT)技术应用于岩石损伤特性研究。分别对岩石材料的初始损伤特性和损伤扩展过程进行即时CT扫描。用CT数的大小及分布规律表征岩石材料的损伤状态。  相似文献   

18.
A series of triaxial compression experiments were preformed for the coarse marble samples under different loading paths by the rock mechanics servo-controlled testing system. Based on the experimental results of complete stress-strain curves, the influence of loading path on the strength and deformation failure behavior of coarse marble is made a detailed analysis. Three loading paths (Paths I–III) are put forward to confirm the strength parameters (cohesion and internal friction angle) of coarse marble in accordance with linear Mohr-Coulomb criterion. Compared among the strength parameters, two loading paths (i.e. Path II by stepping up the confining pressure and Path III by reducing the confining pressure after peak strength) are suggested to confirm the triaxial strengths of rock under different confining pressures by only one sample, which is very applicable for a kind of rock that has obvious plastic and ductile deformation behavior (e.g. marble, chalk, mudstone, etc.). In order to investigate re-fracture mechanical behavior of rock material, three loading paths (Paths IV–VI) are also put forward for flawed coarse marble. The peak strength and deformation failure mode of flawed coarse marble are found depending on the loading paths (Paths IV–VI). Under lower confining pressures, the peak strength and Young’s modulus of damage sample (compressed until post-peak stress under higher confining pressure) are all lower compared with that of flawed sample; moreover mechanical parameter of damage sample is lower for the larger compressed post-peak plastic deformation of coarse marble. However under higher confining pressures (e.g. σ 3 = 30 MPa), the axial supporting capacity and elastic modulus of damage coarse marble (compressed until post-peak stress under lower confining pressure) is not related to the loading path, while the deformation modulus and peak strain of damage sample depend on the difference of initial confining pressure and post-peak plastic deformation. The friction among crystal grains determines the strength behavior of flawed coarse marble under various loading paths. In the end, the effect of loading path on failure mode of intact and flawed coarse marble is also investigated. The present research provides increased understanding of the fundamental nature of rock failure under different loading paths.  相似文献   

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