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1.
为更清楚地了解阳江35kV服役导线的运行状态,从分析导线断线原因出发,通过对老旧导线的单丝断裂强度、弹性模量、应力应变曲线、拉断力、抗拉强度等综合指标的测试与分析,研究服役导线的力学性能,由试验结果得出:35kV老旧导线钢芯的直径变化对于架空导线的外径变化有直接的影响,老旧导线的铝线直径变化较小,其外径增大1.67%~4.24%;钢单线的拉断应力仍能达到标准中规定值的106%,且伸长率也满足要求;部分铝线的抗拉强度低于95%;绞线拉断力仍能达到95%的计算拉断力。但是相同规格下的老旧导线的抗拉强度比新导线的抗拉强度低2%~18%。结果表明:阳江地区服役三十年以上的老旧导线在力学性能上仍能继续承载。  相似文献   

2.
外护套破损的在役拉吊索结构,索内镀锌钢丝或钢绞线直接暴露于自然环境中,特别是酸雨的服役环境下,镀锌钢丝或钢绞线腐蚀非常严重,造成重大安全隐患.通过酸雨环境下拉吊索钢绞线在交变应力、静态应力和无应力工况的加速腐蚀试验,运用数字化扫描电子显微镜对腐蚀试件进行图像采集,并进行图像灰度分析,研究钢绞线细观层次的腐蚀损伤力学行为.探索一种基于图像灰度分析的钢绞线腐蚀疲劳损伤评定方法,以期能更好的评估在役拉吊索服役状况与剩余寿命,为桥梁拉吊索结构检测、养护、更换决策提供科学依据.试验表明:腐蚀使钢绞线塑性降低,脆性增强,而在交变应力和环境腐蚀耦合作用下,试件的塑性降低更多,更易发生脆断.当腐蚀时间为720h时,与无腐蚀试件相比,交变应力工况下试件的断后伸长率下降约50%,破断应力下降较多,个别试件的破断应力下降了约40%,试件发生脆断.静态应力以及无应力工况下腐蚀720h的试件,断后伸长率约为无腐蚀试件的70%.基于图像腐蚀特征,腐蚀时间在120h~240h,各工况下的腐蚀试件抗拉强度变化不大,说明钢绞线镀锌层腐蚀阶段,表面腐蚀对其力学性能影响不大;腐蚀时间为360h,交变应力工况相比无应力和静态应力工况下的试件,腐蚀更严重,破断应力有大幅下降的趋势.研究也表明,腐蚀图像能反映钢绞线细观损伤行为,细观的损伤行为又与其承载能力密切相关.腐蚀图像灰度分布、细观损伤以及承载力变化之间存在一定的映射关系.  相似文献   

3.
基于巴西劈裂法的饱水煤样能量耗散特征研究   总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1  
张辉  程利兴  李国盛 《实验力学》2016,31(4):534-542
为研究饱水煤样拉伸破坏过程中的能量耗散规律,利用RMT-150B岩石力学实验系统对赵固二矿二1煤层煤样在自然和饱水状态下进行巴西圆盘劈裂实验,探讨了自然与饱水状态下煤样的应力、强度及能量变化。结果表明:巴西劈裂实验时,加载过程应力-时间关系与实验控制方式有关。采用载荷控制方式时,峰值前拉应力与时间呈良好线性关系,达到峰值时应力瞬间跌落为零,表现出明显脆性破坏特征;采用变形控制方式时峰值前拉应力与时间呈非线性关系,峰值后出现分次破坏特征;采用两种控制方式在巴西圆盘劈裂实验破坏前没有本质区别;两种状态下不同层位煤样抗拉强度和峰值能率存在差异,自然状态下层位煤样抗拉强度较高(1.80MPa),中层位煤样抗拉强度较低(1.23MPa),上层位煤样抗拉强度介于两者之间(1.52MPa),饱水后上中下层位煤样的抗拉强度和峰值能率均有不同程度降低,抗拉强度平均软化系数分别为0.65,0.61和0.61,平均峰值能率降幅为36.0%,56.1%和40.6%;两种状态下煤样抗拉强度与峰值能率大致呈线性关系,表明抗拉强度越高的煤样,能量耗散越少,煤样抗拉强度越低,能量耗散越多。  相似文献   

4.
外护套破损的在役拉吊索结构,索内镀锌钢丝或钢绞线直接暴露于自然环境中,特别是酸雨的服役环境下,镀锌钢丝或钢绞线腐蚀非常严重,造成重大安全隐患。通过酸雨环境下拉吊索钢绞线在交变应力、静态应力和无应力工况的加速腐蚀试验,运用数字化扫描电子显微镜对腐蚀试件进行图像采集,并进行图像灰度分析,研究钢绞线细观层次的腐蚀损伤力学行为。探索一种基于图像灰度分析的钢绞线腐蚀疲劳损伤评定方法,以期能更好的评估在役拉吊索服役状况与剩余寿命,为桥梁拉吊索结构检测、养护、更换决策提供科学依据。试验表明:腐蚀使钢绞线塑性降低,脆性增强,而在交变应力和环境腐蚀耦合作用下,试件的塑性降低更多,更易发生脆断。当腐蚀时间为720h时,与无腐蚀试件相比,交变应力工况下试件的断后伸长率下降约50%,破断应力下降较多,个别试件的破断应力下降了约40%,试件发生脆断。静态应力以及无应力工况下腐蚀720h的试件,断后伸长率约为无腐蚀试件的70%。基于图像腐蚀特征,腐蚀时间在120h~240h,各工况下的腐蚀试件抗拉强度变化不大,说明钢绞线镀锌层腐蚀阶段,表面腐蚀对其力学性能影响不大;腐蚀时间为360h,交变应力工况相比无应力和静态应力工况下的试件,腐蚀更严重,破断应力有大幅下降的趋势。研究也表明,腐蚀图像能反映钢绞线细观损伤行为,细观的损伤行为又与其承载能力密切相关。腐蚀图像灰度分布、细观损伤以及承载力变化之间存在一定的映射关系。  相似文献   

5.
金属材料的强度与应力-应变关系的球压入测试方法   总被引:4,自引:0,他引:4  
压入法获取材料单轴应力-应变关系和抗拉强度对服役结构完整性评价有重要的基础意义.假定材料均匀连续、各向同性、应力应变关系符合Hollomon律,基于能量等效假定,即代表性体积单元(representativevolume element, RVE)的vonMises等效和有效变形域内能量中值等效假定,本文提出了关联材料载荷、深度、球压头直径和Hollomon律的四参数半解析球压入(semi-analyticalspherical indentation,SSI)模型.通过球压入载荷-深度试验关系获得材料的应力-应变关系和抗拉强度.考虑压入过程中的损伤效应,针对金属材料提出了用于球压入测试的材料弹性模量修正模型.对11种延性金属材料完成了球压入试验,采用本文提出的球压入试验方法测到的弹性模量、应力-应变关系和抗拉强度与单轴拉伸试验结果吻合良好.   相似文献   

6.
头发的弹性和抵抗意外拉断的能力是人们非常关注的指标。为了迎合这一需求,有些厂商推出了具有所谓“强韧”发质功效的洗发水,但其实并不清楚是否真能使头发变“强韧”。为此,针对市场上常见的一种标称具有“强韧”功效的洗发水,通过拉伸力学实验对头发洗护前后的力学性能进行了对比研究。结果表明,用洗发水处理后的头发,屈服应力下降,意味着头发更容易过早进入塑性变形;抗拉强度、最大应变减小,意味着头发抵抗外力拉断的能力下降;杨氏模量下降,说明头发抵抗弹性变形的能力变差。综上,所研究的洗发水对“强韧”发质没有帮助。 关键词: 头发,洗发水,力学性能,强度,韧性  相似文献   

7.
为考察不同匹配形式下国产高强钢对接焊缝的基本力学性能,对Q460D及Q690D焊接试件进行了静力拉伸试验。结果表明:对Q345B与Q460D及Q690D连接,在低强和等强两种匹配形式下的屈服强度和极限抗拉强度比较接近,极限强度比Q345B母材分别提高了约4.4%和6.5%,断裂位置在热影响区和母材区,说明不同强度钢材的混合焊缝连接,选用低强匹配的焊条能保证连接强度;焊缝区不先于母材断裂。对于Q460D和Q690D同种钢材对接焊缝连接,采用等强匹配试件的极限抗拉强度比低强连接分别提高了16%和14%,应变达到4.9%~11.9%,即达到极限强度值,说明同种钢材采用等强匹配的焊条,连接接头在承载力提高的同时,延性有所降低。  相似文献   

8.
何欢欢  艾志久  李韬  王宇 《应用力学学报》2020,(1):155-160,I0010,I0011
针对CO2腐蚀环境下P110套管材料性能动态变化的难题,基于腐蚀实验与拉伸实验,对含腐蚀损伤的P110套管进行了力学性能分析。根据现场资料对钻井液注入CO2配置腐蚀液,将腐蚀后试件与现场失效套管的腐蚀产物进行EDS能谱分析对比,确定了腐蚀液的适用性。设置固定井深,在100℃高温时不同的腐蚀实验周期内,将所得的含腐蚀损伤试件进行质量损失测试及拉伸实验,分析了材料力学性能的变化。由MTS液压式万能试验机得出应力-应变曲线,并拟合得到了等效屈服强度变化公式及等效抗拉强度变化公式。结果表明:套管试样腐蚀后的屈服强度和抗拉强度随着失重率增大而减小,当套管试样经腐蚀后失重率低于15%时,材料的力学性能,如等效屈服强度和等效抗拉强度随失重率的增加会以较大幅度降低;而当试样失重率大于15%时,随着失重率的增加,等效屈服强度急剧减小,等效抗拉强度则以较为平缓的趋势降低。  相似文献   

9.
压入法获取材料单轴应力–应变关系和抗拉强度对服役结构完整性评价有重要的基础意义.假定材料均匀连续、各向同性、应力应变关系符合Hollomon律,基于能量等效假定,即代表性体积单元(representative volume element, RVE)的von Mises等效和有效变形域内能量中值等效假定,本文提出了关联材料载荷、深度、球压头直径和Hollomon律的四参数半解析球压入(semi-analytical spherical indentation, SSI)模型.通过球压入载荷–深度试验关系获得材料的应力–应变关系和抗拉强度.考虑压入过程中的损伤效应,针对金属材料提出了用于球压入测试的材料弹性模量修正模型.对11种延性金属材料完成了球压入试验,采用本文提出的球压入试验方法测到的弹性模量、应力–应变关系和抗拉强度与单轴拉伸试验结果吻合良好.  相似文献   

10.
为了研究震后建筑废弃物再生混凝土及其钢管柱的基本物理和力学性能,以设计强度为C30的废弃混凝土为再生粗骨料,分析了5种再生骨料取代率(0%、25%、50%、75%、100%)对再生混凝土材料的抗压强度和劈裂强度的影响,以及对钢管再生混凝土的失效模式、承载力、变形、应变关系的影响;给出了钢管再生混凝土柱力学性能随取代率变化的关键值,建立了再生混凝土的应力-应变关系。结果表明:随着再生骨料取代率的增加,再生混凝土的受压性能和抗拉强度逐渐降低,钢管试件的承载力水平逐渐降低,但其破坏失效模式和变形曲线与普通钢管混凝土无显著差别。根据钢管和再生混凝土的应力-应变关系计算了钢管再生混凝土柱的极限承载力,所得计算结果与试验结果符合较好,其误差约为10%,符合工程计算要求。  相似文献   

11.
In this paper, the fracture strength of a cracked suspension bridge wire is determined based on linear elastic fracture mechanics (LEFM). The wire is 5 mm in diameter, with an original ultimate strength of 1725 MPa and ultimate elongation that ranges between 5.5% and 6%. The average value of for the wire fracture toughness, KC, was recently evaluated by the author. The state of practice is to use the ultimate strength of the cracked wire as obtained from tensile tests. This approach may overestimate the strength of the wire due to possible delamination and crack tip plasticity. A case study for a group of in situ wire breaks retrieved from a suspension bridge cable is presented. The failure analysis is performed based on both the fracture toughness criterion and the net section theory. The fracture toughness criterion produced more realistic results for the fracture strength of the wire. The decline in the fracture toughness and the corresponding reduction in the fracture strength of cracked degraded wire are predicted making use of the strain energy density criterion.  相似文献   

12.
Flow phenomena induced by a single spanwise wire on the surface of a circular cylinder are investigated via a cinema technique of particle image velocimetry (PIV). The primary aim of this investigation is to assess the effect of the wire scale. To this end, consideration is given to wires with different diameters that are 0.5, 1.2, and 2.9% of the cylinder diameter. The Reynolds number has a subcritical value of 10,000. Compared to the thickness of the unperturbed boundary layer developing around the cylinder between 5° and 75° from the forward stagnation point, the former two wires have smaller scales and the latter has a larger scale. Two angular locations of the wire, defined with respect to the forward stagnation point of the cylinder, are found to be critical. When the wire is located at these critical angles, either the most significant extension or the contraction of the time-mean separation bubble occurs in the near wake. These critical angles depend on the wire scale: the smaller the wire, the larger the critical angle. The small-scale and large-scale wires that have diameters of 1.2 and 2.9% of the cylinder diameter induce bistable shear-layer oscillations between different separation modes when placed at their respective critical angles corresponding to maximum extension of the near-wake bubble. These oscillations have irregular time intervals that are much longer than the time scale associated with the classical Kármán instability. Moreover, the large-scale wire can either significantly attenuate or intensify the Kármán mode of vortex shedding at the critical states; in contrast, the small-scale wires do not notably alter the strength of the Kármán instability.  相似文献   

13.
Nb3Sn 超导复合股线在强磁场工程中有着重要的应用,其拉伸强度为保证和评估其长期服役安全的一个关键参数。本文从 “剪滞”理论出发,利用基于Weibull/Possion统计理论的复合材料纤维断裂的Curtin-Zhou模型,较好地描述复合股线中Nb3Sn超导纤维碎片化过程,建立了分析超导复合股线统计拉伸强度和失效概率的模型。计算结果表明,青铜法Nb3Sn超导复合股线的拉伸强度随着初始损伤参数的增大而迅速减小;在4.2K服役温度下,当Weibull模量为8时,随着初始损伤参数的增加,股线的拉伸强度约从900MPa衰减至480MPa,与已有实验结果吻合良好;初始损伤参数约为1时,正规化方差最大。初始损伤和Weibull模量对Nb3Sn复合股线统计拉伸强度和失效概率函数的分布有着显著影响。  相似文献   

14.
Published data on NiTi wire tensile tests display a surprising variety of results even though the same material has been studied. Hysteresis shapes can be observed that range from box- to cigar-like. In some cases, the variation may be the result of different post-fabrication treatment, such as annealing or cold working procedures. However, oftentimes local data are generated from average stress/strain concepts on the basis of global force and end displacement measurements. It is well known among experimentalists that this has a smoothening effect on data, but there is an additional, less well-known mechanism at work as well. This effect is due to thermomechanical coupling and the thermal boundary condition at the ends of the wires, and it manifests itself in a strong data dependence on the length of the employed specimen. This paper illustrates the effects of a thermal boundary layer in a 1D wire by means of an experimental study combined with a simulation based on the fully coupled momentum and energy balance equations. The system is modeled using COMSOL FEA software to simulate the distribution of strain, temperature, resistivity, and phase fractions. The local behavior is then integrated over the length of the wire to predict the expected behavior of the bulk wire as observed at its endpoints. Then, simulations are compared with results from a tensile test of a 100?mum diameter Dynalloy Flexinol wire between two large, steel clamps. Each step of the tensile test experiment is carefully controlled and then simulated via the boundary and initial conditions of the model. The simulated and experimental results show how the thermal boundary layer affects different length SMA wires and how the inhomogeneity prevents transition to austenite at the wire endpoints. Accordingly, shorter wires tend to be softer (more martensitic) than longer wires and exhibit a large reduction in recoverable strain because a larger percentage of their total length is impacted by the thermal boundary.  相似文献   

15.
针对微尺度材料力学性能测试与尺度效应实验研究的需要,自行研制了一台FMT-I型高精度纤维材料微拉伸力学性能实验装置,并基于LabVIEW软件平台开发了相应的数据采集与控制系统,实现了测试过程的全自动化。该装置的测力传感器由非接触式激光位移传感器和两端固定的薄梁组成,可同时测量试样的拉伸力和上夹持端的位移量,帮助精确地获取试样的载荷-变形曲线。采用该装置对微米级直径的多晶铜丝、316L不锈钢纤维和T300碳纤维进行了拉伸测试。实验结果表明,直径为18~105μm多晶铜丝的拉伸力学行为并无明显的尺度效应;多晶铜丝和316L不锈钢纤维的弹性模量分别在43.9~60.0GPa和102.9~111.5GPa之间,均低于宏观尺度下材料的弹性模量;316L不锈钢纤维的抗拉强度和延伸率随着丝径的减小而降低;T300碳纤维的弹性模量为235.4±12.4GPa,抗拉强度为3238.2±280.8MPa,断裂应变约为1.5%。另外,相同的细铜丝材料的测试结果与Instron5848型商用拉伸试验机的测试结果进行了对比,吻合良好。通过系统的实验分析表明,该装置具有较高的精度和稳定性,适用于各种纤维材料的拉伸力学性能测试。  相似文献   

16.
Although there has been a significant amount of research dedicated to characterizing and modeling the response of shape memory alloys (SMAs) alone, little experimental work has been done to understand the behavior of SMAs embedded in a host material. The interaction between SMA wires and a host polymer matrix was investigated by correlating local displacements and stress fields induced by the embedded wires with SMA/polymer adhesion. Most SMA composite applications require transfer of strain from the wire to the matrix. In these applications, maximum interfacial adhesion between the SMA wire and the polymer matrix is most desirable. The adhesion was varied by considering four different surface treatments: untreated, acid etched, hand sanded and sandblasted. The average interfacial bond strength of the SMA wires embedded in an epoxy matrix was measured by standard pull out tests. Sandblasting significantly increased the bond strength, whereas hand sanding and acid cleaning actually reduced interface strength. In situ displacements of embedded, surface-treated SMA wires were measured using heterodyne interferometry, whereas the resulting stresses induced in the polymer matrix were investigated using photoelasticity. Increased wire adhesion resulted in lower axial wire displacement and higher interfacial stresses due to the restraining effect of the matrix on the actuated wire. A simplified theoretical analysis was carried out to estimate the shear stress induced in the matrix due to wire actuation. The maximum shear stress predicted for the case of a perfect interfacial bond was about 7 percent larger than the value measured experimentally for the sand-blasted wire.  相似文献   

17.
拉扭复合微动腐蚀疲劳是深井提升钢丝绳主要失效形式之一,深井提升钢丝绳振动频率决定钢丝间微动频率,直接影响钢丝拉扭复合微动腐蚀疲劳机理和损伤程度,进而制约深井提升钢丝绳服役安全性. 本文作者通过自制钢丝拉扭复合微动腐蚀疲劳试验机开展了酸性电解质溶液中钢丝拉扭复合微动腐蚀疲劳试验,通过钢丝切向力-位移幅值和扭矩-扭转角滞后回线分析了拉扭复合微动腐蚀疲劳过程中钢丝间接触状态及轴向和扭转方向钢丝耗散能,运用扫描电子显微镜和三维白光干涉表面形貌仪考察了拉扭复合微动腐蚀疲劳过程中钢丝磨痕形貌和磨损深度轮廓特性,采用X射线三维成像系统揭示了钢丝拉扭复合微动腐蚀疲劳裂纹扩展演化规律,通过电化学分析仪分析试验后钢丝Tafel极化曲线和阻抗谱以探究钢丝电化学腐蚀倾向和耐腐蚀性,揭示了微动频率对拉扭复合微动腐蚀疲劳过程中钢丝间接触状态、钢丝耗散能、微动磨损机理、疲劳裂纹扩展演化和疲劳寿命、电化学腐蚀倾向和耐腐蚀性的影响规律. 结果表明:在拉扭复合微动腐蚀疲劳过程中,随着微动频率的增加,钢丝间由完全滑移和部分滑移混合状态变为完全滑移状态,钢丝扭矩-扭转角滞后现象削弱,钢丝切向力-位移幅值和扭矩-扭转角滞后回线对应的耗散能均总体降低,钢丝间摩擦系数和钢丝磨损深度均降低,钢丝磨损机理均为磨粒磨损、黏着磨损、疲劳磨损和腐蚀磨损,钢丝最大裂纹深度和裂纹扩展速率均降低,疲劳寿命增加,钢丝电化学腐蚀倾向下降和耐腐蚀性增强.   相似文献   

18.
Heat transfer rates from a surface can be determined from the slope of the temperature profile measured with a thermocouple wire traversing within a boundary layer. However, accuracy of such measurement can suffer due to flow distortion and conduction through the thermocouple wire. The present numerical study consists of two parts—a 2D simulation of flow distortion due to a cylinder in cross flow near a solid wall and a 3D simulation defined as a fin problem to calculate the thermal profile measurement error due to conduction through the thermocouple wires. Results show that the measured temperature is lower than the true temperature resulting in a 5% under-prediction of local heat transfer coefficient. A parametric study shows that low thermal conductivity thermocouple (E type) with a small wire diameter (76 micron) is desirable to reduce the measurement error in local Nusselt number.  相似文献   

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