圆柱形弹药空气中爆炸相似性规律

针对战场损伤试验中弹药费用高、使用风险系数大的问题，采用量纲分析的方法对圆柱形弹药相似性模型的建立方法进行分析，研究原型同相似性模型之间冲击波峰值压力的关系，利用有限元仿真软件AUTODYN对冲击波传播过程进行数值仿真，并结合实弹试验数据对相似模型的有效性进行验证。研究结果表明，AUTODYN仿真结果同量纲分析结果一致，同时与实弹试验结果也吻合较好，说明在实际试验中可以使用缩比模型替代原型进行试验。该研究为弹药缩比模型在战场损伤试验中的使用提供了理论基础，具有一定的工程价值。     

大型直线振动筛动态仿真的研究

本文对我国首次设计的27m^2大型直线振动筛进行了动态仿真,探索了大型筛分机械动态仿真理论方法和试验技术,改进了大型筛体的设计,为我国生产大型振动筛探索了可行之路。     

米箭沟尾矿坝料动力特性试验研究

本文对米箭沟尾矿坝料的组成、结构特征和物理力学性质进行分析,运用振动三轴试验确定尾矿坝料的动力特性参数,分析研究动力特性指标模型,得出动应力、动模量、阻尼比、动剪切摸量随动应变的变化规律,以及动应力与破坏振次,孔压比与振次比的变化规律,并提出符合试验结果的孔压模型,对该尾矿坝的地震动力分析及抗震稳定性评价提供一定科学依据和技术指导。     

气垫平台破冰阻力的模型试验研究

通过开展低温拖曳冰水池物理模型试验,测试气垫平台在遭遇平整冰时的破冰过程和破冰阻力.在模型试验中,以一座现役破冰气垫平台为原型,建立了合理的模型试验相似律.依据相似律分别对原型平台的结构框架、气道结构、围裙结构和垫升系统等部分进行了模拟,从而得到一套与原型平台结构型式和垫升机制相似的模型平台.模型平台在试验拖车的拖曳下通过低温冰水池中的模型冰排,分别以垫升高度和航行速度为试验参数,对不同试验工况下气垫平台的破冰过程进行测试.通过对模型试验现象和结果的分析,深入解析了气垫平台的破冰过程,揭示了气垫平台的破冰机理.通过试验发现,非全垫升状态更有利于模型平台的破冰作业.气垫平台破冰的关键机理是在冰排底部形成稳定的气腔,从而促使冰排在结构的下压作用和气腔的上顶压力下发生弯曲破坏.在试验中测试了气垫平台破冰风压随结构姿态的变化,在时频域内对风压的变化情况进行了分析,并讨论了风压随航行速度的变化规律.以此为基础,对气垫平台破冰阻力随垫升高度和航行速度的变化规律进行分析,从而为该类气垫平台的结构设计和操船方法提供必要的基础性数据和参考依据.      

基于刚度相似原理的斜拉桥模型设计方法

模型试验是测定结构性能进行科学研究的重要手段之一,目前关于斜拉桥模型设计方法的系统研究还很少。本文提出了斜拉桥模型设计的总体思路,对结构静动力模型的相似关系进行了推导,并完全按照相似关系设计了一座三跨PC斜拉桥的理想模型桥,将其与实桥有限元数值模拟及原型成桥现场静动力测试结果进行比较分析。结果表明,对于斜拉桥这种组合体系结构,当存在两种弹性模量相似比时,采用刚度相似法处理相似关系是合理的。最后,阐述了实际中制作斜拉桥模型时应考虑的问题,为斜拉桥模型的设计制作提供指导。     

列车通过道岔时转向架结构振动特性的研究

建立了考虑线路弹性并视转向架构架为柔体的三节车辆组成的列车通过道岔运行的列车/线 路模型. 分析了列车通过道岔时作用于转向架构架上的动载荷，将动载荷通过程序 FEMBS{-1}转化为适用于FE程序的文件并由ANSYS软件分析整个构架的应力分布及最大应力时间历程变化等. 分析对比了列车及单节车辆的仿真结果并与线路动应力试验结果进行了对比. 研究认为列车通过道岔时各构架的拉、压动应力幅值变化各异且在岔心处大于单辆车的相应值，表明单辆车模型适用于初步的计算分析，欲详细分析构架的结构性能应采用多车模型. 根据动应力频谱分析可知，构架的动应力可分为3个频域区，分别对应由直线驶入道岔的曲线上、岔心和岔尖处及构架固有振动频率附近的弹性振动区.     

塔线体系脱冰跳跃动力特性实验研究

基于动力相似理论,以湖南某220kV输电线路为工程原型,设计了缩尺比为1:20的两档塔线体系实验模型。采用程控方式控制模拟冰荷载脱落,实现了拉链式脱冰和同时脱冰、整档脱冰和局部脱冰等6种工况。通过对这些工况下输电导线位移响应与应力响应的测试和分析可知:整档同时脱冰是一种最危险的工况,最大的跳跃高度可达跨度的2.02%。整档脱冰工况下的动应力峰值均比脱冰前的覆冰静应力要小,应力减幅可达5%以上;局部脱冰工况下的动应力峰值则略大于覆冰静应力,但应力的增幅不会超过1.33%。这些结论可为塔线体系的强度和刚度设计提供参考。     

薄壁筒仓的振动实验研究

本文设计并完成了不同地基上筒仓模型的动力试验（包括模型试验和测试方案，数据输入输出及处理）。对模型筒仓及原型筒仓分别进行了系统的有限元动力分析计算，并与试验结果进行了比较。结果表明，本文所设计的试验，试验结果及有限元计算模式是正确的。     

沥青搅拌设备振动筛系统动力学分析及其参数影响研究

基于牛顿法建立了沥青搅拌设备振动筛系统的动力学模型,考虑了实际生产中的机械振动方向与支撑弹簧方向的不完全一致性和支撑轴承及筛板刚度对振动筛系统的影响。求解了不同激振器频率和安装倾角下,振动筛质心的振动位移变化情况。对振动筛进行稳态有限元数值分析,获得了振动筛不同位置测点的振幅分布,并探究了不同的振动方向角对振动筛振幅和应力的影响。结果表明,振动筛的振动幅值随激振器频率的增大而增大,亦随振动筛倾角的减小而增大;当振动方向角β在0°~90°范围内变化时,振动筛的主振幅和主应力都随着振动方向角β的增大而增大;在振动筛沿筛体长度方向上,进料口附近振幅大于出料口附近振幅。     

机场跑道混凝土靶板贯穿的试验研究

为了向混凝土的抗贯穿模拟计算提供对比依据,以几何相似律为依据,在弹道靶上,用新型脱壳钻地模型弹对模拟机场跑道类混凝土靶板进行侵彻贯穿的机理试验,结果表明该种反机场跑道钻地弹效果良好。文中给出了部分试验结果,并对试验数据进行了分析、拟合,表明试验所得的数据可靠有效;能够为进一步的工程分析、二维和三维数据模拟提供可对比的依据。     

A dynamic optimization theoretical method for heavy loaded vibrating screens

In the present work, an innovative design strategy for the optimization of the dynamic performances and the structural loads of heavy loaded vibrating screens is presented. A dynamic model of a vibrating screen for the selection of inert materials in an asphalt plant is proposed, and a numerical optimization procedure is applied to selected design parameters and geometrical features. The algorithm provides a tool to improve the dynamic behavior of vibrating screens of different geometric and inertial properties. The results are analyzed, in order to find the parameters apt to minimize the pitching angle of the examined screen during stationary working conditions, thus providing a better material selection by reducing gravel throwback. A numerical FEM model analysis and an experimental strain-gage campaign have been conducted on a realization of the vibrating screen, testing two optimized and un-optimized configurations, to verify the FEM model results. The complete work gives the machine designer a powerful tool, validated by means of full scale experimental tests, to optimize the dynamic behavior of the screen and to verify its fatigue resistance.     

Collaborative optimization of linear vibrating screen screening efficiency and dynamic response stability based on coupled DEM-MBK simulation

The dynamic response stability of the vibrating screen is an important factor affecting the screening effect and the structural performance of the vibrating screen. In this paper, to improve dynamic response stability and screening efficiency, we optimized the configuration of linear screening process parameters based on the co-optimization method with dual objectives via the virtual experiment. Firstly, a coupled DEM-MBK simulation model was established according to the dynamics of linear screen, and the dynamic response law of the screen machine under material impact was investigated. Secondly, the quantitative index of dynamic response stability according to the time-domain characteristics of the centroid amplitude was established. The trend and significance of three types of screening process parameters, including excitation, damping and structure, on the screening efficiency and dynamic response stability were analyzed through virtual orthogonal experiments. Finally, a parameter configuration scheme to achieve co-optimization was proposed based on the comprehensive balance method. The virtual experiment results show that the screening efficiency and dynamic response stability of the proposed scheme are improved by 3.28% and 49.07%, respectively, compared with the empirical parameter configuration. Obviously, the co-optimization method can maintain high screening efficiency and dynamic response stability at the same time, which is beneficial to improve the service life of the screen surface and screen body.     

模态理论的进展

传统模态理论的基本思想,近年来得到进一步发展和完善,并被引伸到非线性结构振动分析、应力应变振动分析等领域中,发展迅速．本文在总结近年来国内外文献的基础上,根据笔者自己的研究,较系统地介绍了线性位移实模态、复模态分析,广义模态分析,非线性结构系统模态分析,应力应变场模态分析等方面的研究情况．      

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通过对惯性振动筛工作原理和噪声测试结果的分析，认为来自激振器的高频干扰力是引起振动筛高噪声的根本原因之一，在此基础上提出了用双质体结构降低振动筛噪声的新措施，说明该结构的降噪原理，并利用试验结果验证了该方法的有效性．     

倍频激励双转子振动同步机理与实验研究

振动筛作为第一级钻井液净化设备, 其筛分性能直接决定后续固控系统的生产效率. 针对在筛分工程中由相同驱动频率激励的振动系统所表现出的单一振动特性难以与筛面上的物料粒度相匹配, 从而引发筛孔堵塞的问题, 本文提出了倍频激励双转子自同步振动系统. 首先根据数学模型运用广义Lagrange公式建立多自由度振动系统的运动微分方程, 并引入复变函数求解箱体的稳态幅值响应; 其次探明了振动系统实现倍频同步的前提条件和稳定性评估标准; 然后通过数值计算定量地讨论转子间的倍频动力学特征与系统结构参数之间的关系, 并结合Runge?Kutta算法建立振动系统的多自由度机电耦合动力学仿真模型, 详细讨论转子与箱体间的倍频同步机理; 最后设计实验样机, 针对系统在不同工况下的动态特性和同步运动状态展开实验测试, 进一步验证理论研究和计算机模拟的正确性. 研究表明, 系统的倍频同步能力指数随安装距离的不断增加而接近于零值附近, 此时高频转子与低频转子获得稳定同步振动的可能性越来越高; 电机同步状态几乎不受弹簧刚度的影响, 但稳态相位差值在单周期内会随激振器安装倾角和距离的变化而逐渐减小并趋于在一个恒定值. 研究成果不仅对石油工业新型振动筛系统的研制具有重要的参考价值, 也将促进其他同步振动机械的发展.      

用实测数据估算直线振动机械的运动学参数的方法

本文给出了一个根据实测数据分析估算直线振动机械的运动学参数的方法。为提高估算的可信度，提出了选择测点、信号和“超定”方程等问题。为评定此类机械的动力特性提供重要的信息。     

Predictions of nonlinear viscoelastic behavior using a hybrid approach

An approach for nonlinear viscoelastic characterization is presented which uses the combined measurements from creep and dynamic mechanical tests. Although the methodology should extend to several materials and geometries, this research concentrates on thin film polymers used in the manufacture of high altitude scientific balloons. Typically, the constitutive behavior of these materials is characterized through the use of linear viscoelastic techniques. Although this linear approach provides an accurate model for small strains or loads, these materials have been shown to be highly stress dependent and, consequently, it is necessary to identify this nonlinear behavior. Traditional creep measurements require extensive laboratory test times, yet the results obtained from dynamic mechanical analysis provide the capability to predict long term material performance without a lengthy experimentation program. However, dynamic mechanical methods are currently limited to linear response; thus, an approach is presented in which the stress-dependent behavior is derived from short-term creep measurements in a manner analogous to time-temperature superposition. Predictions of material response using linear and nonlinear approaches are compared with experimental results obtained from traditional long-term creep tests. Although linear pre-dictions deteriorate for large stresses, excellent agreement is shown for the nonlinear model.     

柔性轮对的离散时间传递矩阵法建模及垂向振动

针对铁道车辆轮对系统的弹性振动及台架高频激振试验仿真问题, 以离散时间传递矩阵法建立了柔性轮对振动模型. 基于Newmark-β隐式法积分格式推导了分布质量弹性轮轴、集总质量车轮及弹簧-阻尼单元的离散时间传递矩阵, 采用Riccati法、Newmark-β法实现轮对系统垂向振动加速度以及速度、位移的求解, 将轮对模型与采用新型显式积分法求解的构架、轨道轮组动力学模型集成, 完成机车车辆单轴滚振试验台的动力学建模, 提出了混合积分模式下动态仿真求解流程. 基于滚振试验台, 开展了轨道轮初始表面粗糙度、打磨多边形及局部凹陷状态下300 ~ 400 km/h高速运行试验, 同步开展了相应的动力学仿真, 通过在时域-频域对测试和计算结果的比较, 检验了理论模型. 结果表明, 在振动加速度的时域-频域特性和幅值分布上, 单轮对柔体模型总体能够较好反映500 Hz频率下系统的中高频振动规律, 有效捕捉车轮不圆、多边形磨耗、局部凹陷等动态激扰, 三种轨面状态下计算的轴箱加速度幅值误差总体低于9%, 模型具有较好的适应性和准确性. 但相关建模方法如何在复杂空间结构中应用需要进一步探索.      

Behaviors of flow mechanisms and heat transfer of non-Newtonian fluids through a spinneret

This investigation examines non-Newtonian flow mechanisms and heat transfer characteristics for a micro spinneret. The working fluid, Polyethylene terephthalate (PET), is the raw material of micro fiber, and a large-scale experimental test model was designed to visualize the complex viscous flow system in the micro spinneret. To visualize the complex convective flow system, an experimental test model was constructed, using glycerin instead of PET. The related parameters of PET were compared with those of glycerin. The power law correlates the shear strain with PET viscosity at various temperatures. The pressure distribution along the flow direction was measured and the flow pattern was visualized using polyethylene (PE) powder of 20–40 m. Similar configurations were calculated for micro spinneret physical parameters to determine the thermal flow characteristics. The Reynolds number in the test model is not less than 10^–2. In the non-Newtonian PET working fluid of practical micro spinneret, flows with Re = 10⁴ to 10^–2 are in the same low Reynolds number flow regime. Therefore, the working fluid is expected to have the same flow characteristic. A numerical solution covering the range of approximately Re = 10^–4 at PET confirms that the flow characteristics of glycerin are constant for Re = 1.228 × 10^–2. The Peclet number in the test model can be adjusted to a value similar to that in the micro spinneret. The flow visualization was compared with that of the numerical solution, and the friction factor and Nusselt number in the micro spinneret were analyzed. Finally, numerical results and friction factor with various exit angles of micro spinneret in a triangular zone flow system were also summarized.     

Viscoelastic properties of MR elastomers under harmonic loading

This paper presents both experimental and modeling studies of viscoelastic properties of MR elastomers under harmonic loadings. Magnetorheological elastomer (MRE) samples were fabricated by mixing carbonyl iron power, silicone oil, and silicone rubber and cured under a magnetic field. Its steady-state and dynamic properties were measured by using a parallel-plate rheometer. Various sinusoidal loadings, with different strain amplitude and frequencies, were applied to study the stress responses. The stress–strain results demonstrated that MR elastomers behave as linear visocoelastic properties. Microstructures of MRE samples were observed with a scanning electron microscope. A four-parameter linear viscoelatic model was proposed to predict MRE performances. The four parameters under various working conditions (magnetic field, strain amplitude, and frequency) were identified with the MATLAB optimization algorithm. The comparisons between the experimental results and the model predictions demonstrate that the four-parameter viscoelastic model can predict MRE performances very well. In addition, dynamic properties of MRE performances were alternatively represented with equivalent stiffness and damping coefficients.