一种改进混合迎风格式在翼型流场激波捕捉中的应用

波阻是飞行器超音速飞行的关键设计因素,精确捕捉激波在流场中的位置,是数值模拟含激波流场和精确计算波阻的一个重要研究内容.本文基于网格节点有限体积空间离散方法,采用AUSM格式与FVS格式的混合格式(MAUSM方法)计算对流通量,从而抑制在数值模拟流场出现的激波处振荡和过冲现象,确保AUSM准确捕获接触间断的特性和FVS格式捕捉激波的能力.本文使用MAUSM方法分别计算了在跨声速和超声速条件下的NACA0012翼型流场,并与中心差分格式的计算结果进行比较.结果表明,对于存在激波的翼型流场,MAUSM方法是有效的.     

平面叶栅跨音流场气动特性的数值研究

通过对模型方程的分析，给出了一种新的隐格式构造思想。将它运用到关通量分裂格式中，可得到无近似因子分解、无矩阵运算的高效二阶精度隐式矢通量分裂差分格式，并用来直接求解时间平均Ｎａｖｉｅｒ－Ｓｔｏｋｅｓ方程组。数值计算标明：该方法具有精度高、稳定性好、计算量少、收敛快等优点，在平面叶栅跨音流场的计算中，较好地捕获了激波，与实验比较，结果令人满意。     

加权型紧致格式与加权本质无波动格式的比较

线性紧致格式和加权本质无波动格式是两种典型的高阶精度数值格式,它们各有优缺点.线性紧致格式在具有高阶精度的同时,格式的分辨率也比较高,耗散低,是计算多尺度流场结构的较好格式,但是不能计算具有强激波的流场.加权本质无波动格式是一种高阶精度捕捉激波格式,鲁棒性好,但耗散比较高,分辨率也不理想.近年来,在莱勒的线性紧致格式基础上,采用加权本质无波动格式捕捉激波思想,发展了一系列加权型紧致格式.本文较全面地比较了加权型紧致格式和加权本质无波动格式,包括构造方法、鲁棒性、分辨率、耗散特性、收敛特性以及并行计算效率.结果表明,现有的加权型紧致格式基本保持了加权本质无波动格式的性质,对于气动力等宏观量的计算,比加权本质无波动格式没有明显的优势.     

多级轴流压气机叶栅内三维紊流流场的数值模拟

对多级轴流压气机叶栅内三维紊流流场进行数值模拟,采用高精度高分辨率的三阶ENN格式以保证对激波的捕捉和对紊流特征的正确模拟,利用LU-SGS隐式解法提高了计算速度,从而构成了一种既准确又高效的多级跨声速轴流压气机紊流流动数值求解系统。重点研究了动静网格的交接方法及相应的动静交接面处理模型。计算了某带进口导叶的三级轴流压气机,计算结果与实验数据吻合较好。     

用隐式方法和WENO格式计算悬停旋翼跨声速无粘流场

寻找一种能够准确计算以涡为主要特征的复杂流场和克服尾迹耗散问题的数值方法,一直是旋翼空气动力学研究的热点和难点。本文发展了一种基于高阶迎风格式计算悬停旋翼无粘流场的隐式数值方法。无粘通量采用Roe通量差分分裂格式,为提高精度,使用五阶WENO格式进行左右状态插值,并与MUSCL插值进行比较。为提高收敛到定常解的效率,时间推进采用LU-SGS隐式方法。用该方法对一跨声速悬停旋翼无粘流场进行了数值计算,数值结果表明WENO-Roe的激波分辨率高于MUSCL-Roe,体现出了格式精度的提高对计算结果的改善,LU-SGS隐式方法的计算效率比5步Runge-Kutta显式方法的高。     

基于非结构网格的TTGC有限元格式的实现及在超声速流动中的应用

基于非结构网格系统,实现了时空三阶精度的TTGC有限元格式,并在三阶TTGC格式上发展了基于人工粘性的激波捕捉技术。在非结构网格下,采用这种方法对若干典型的超声速流动问题(SOD激波管、马赫数为3的前台阶流动以及马赫数为8的高超声速圆柱流动)进行了验证计算。结果表明,TTGC格式分辨率高,在粗糙网格下能够准确的模拟超声速流场中的激波、接触间断等复杂流动现象,并且能有效的控制间断附近的数值色散现象。与传统的有限体积方法相比,本文实现的TTGC有限元格式在模拟超声速流动问题方面具有格式精度高、数值耗散小等优点。     

近似黎曼解对高超声速气动热计算的影响研究

高超声速流场计算一般采用TVD型格式，这些格式中，大多采用了不同形式的近似黎 曼解. 通过分析和数值验证，论述了激波捕捉格式中近似黎曼解的耗散性质，说明其 对高超声速热流计算的影响. 数值实验证明，采用低耗散格式可大大提高热流计算精度，降 低热流计算对网格的依赖程度，从而获得精确的热流数值解.     

非结构混合网格高超声速绕流与磁场干扰数值模拟

对均匀磁场干扰下的二维钝头体无粘高超声速流场进行了基于非结构混合网格的数值模拟.受磁流体力学方程组高度非线性的影响及考虑到数值模拟格式的精度,目前在此类流场的数值模拟中大多使用结构网格及有限差分方法,因而在三维复杂外形及复杂流场方面的研究受到限制.本文主要探索使用非结构网格(含混合网格)技术时的数值模拟方法.控制方程为耦合了Maxwell方程及无粘流体力学方程的磁流体力学方程组,数值离散格式采用Jameson有限体积格心格式,5步Runge-Kutta显式时间推进.计算模型为二维钝头体,初始磁场均匀分布.对不同磁感应强度影响下的高超声速流场进行了数值模拟,并与有限的资料进行了对比,得到了较符合的结果.     

基于HLL-HLLC的高阶WENO格式及其应用研究

HLL-HLLC格式能够克服HLLC在强激波附近的激波不稳定现象,并且保持了HLLC的低耗散特性,是一种适合更大马赫数范围的近似黎曼求解器。本文从RANS方程出发,将HLL-HLLC近似黎曼求解器结合五阶WENO重构,实现了对无粘通量的高阶离散;同时,采用完全守恒形式的四阶中心差分格式处理粘性项,建立了RANS方程的高阶数值求解格式。通过对四个经典算例,钝头体、ONERA M6机翼、DLR F6-WB翼身组合体和DLR F6-WBNP复杂外形的数值模拟,考察了两种WENO改进格式在复杂流场中的表现,研究了高阶格式的收敛特性;给出了在复杂流动中WENO自由参数的推荐值,以增强求解的收敛性。算例结果表明,本文构造的高阶格式鲁棒性好,能够显著改善激波位置和激波强度,捕获更丰富的流场细节,满足复杂工程应用需求。     

基于HLL-HLLC的高阶WENO格式及其应用研究

HLL-HLLC格式能够克服HLLC在强激波附近的激波不稳定现象,并且保持了HLLC的低耗散特性,是一种适合更大马赫数范围的近似黎曼求解器。本文从RANS方程出发,将HLL-HLLC近似黎曼求解器结合五阶WENO重构,实现了对无粘通量的高阶离散;同时,采用完全守恒形式的四阶中心差分格式处理粘性项,建立了RANS 方程的高阶数值求解格式。通过对四个经典算例,钝头体、 ONERA M6机翼、DLR F6-WB翼身组合体和DLR F6-WBNP复杂外形的数值模拟,考察了两种WENO改进格式在复杂流场中的表现,研究了高阶格式的收敛特性;给出了在复杂流动中 WENO自由参数的推荐值,以增强求解的收敛性。算例结果表明,本文构造的高阶格式鲁棒性好,能够显著改善激波位置和激波强度,捕获更丰富的流场细节,满足复杂工程应用需求。     

A new,high-resolution shock-capturing hybrid scheme of flux vector splitting-Harten's TVD

The paper presents a new high-resolution hybrid scheme combining implicit flux vector splitting with Harten's TVD, which is proved suitable for shock-capturing calculation in gasdynamics. Fluxsplitting procedures are applied to discretize the implicit part of the Euler equations whereas Harten's numerical fluxes are used to calculate the residual of steady-state solutions. It ensures good shock-capturing properties and produces sharp numerical discontinuities without oscillations. It excludes expansion shocks and leads only to physically relevant solutions. The block-line-Gauss-Seidel relaxation procedure (block-LGS) is used to solve the resulting difference equations. The time step and the CFL number are much larger than those in the linearized block-alternating-direction-implicit approximate factorization method (block-ADI). Numerical experiments suggest that the hybrid scheme not only has a fairly rapid convergence rate, but also can generate a highly resolved approximation to the steady-state solution. Hence scheme seems to lead to an effective nonoscillatory shock capturing method for steady transonic flow. Project Supported by National Natural Science Foundation of China     

两方程湍流模型混合隐式迭代/解析算法研究

采用通量修正二阶TVD格式和混合隐式时间推进/解析算法求解k-ε湍流模型的输运方程以克服其计算刚性. 通过过膨胀状态下轴对称喷管内流场、带圆转方型 面二元喷管内外流场两个算例, 验证了其配合改进的多重网格算法对计算效率的提高. 计算 结果与试验数据进行了对比.     

Application of higher-order flux-limited methods in compositional simulation

A higher-order flux-limited finite-difference scheme has been implemented into a compositional simulator to discretize the convection terms of the component conservation equations and the relative permeability terms of the phase fluxes. Harten's total variation diminishing criteria are imposed directly to the finite-difference equations and the bounds of the flux limiters which are suitable for larger Courant numbers and nonuniform grid systems are obtained. A time-correction technique is applied to increase the time accuracy and improve the stability condition.The scheme has been tested for miscible and immiscible flow problems in one and two dimensions, and the results were compared with those using a third-order method without flux limiting and some available analytical solutions.     

Non-oscillatory central-upwind scheme for hyperbolic conservation laws

We introduce a new fourth order, semi-discrete, central-upwind scheme for solving systems of hyperbolic conservation laws. The scheme is a combination of a fourth order non-oscillatory reconstruction, a semi-discrete central-upwind numerical flux and the third order TVD Runge-Kutta method. Numerical results suggest that the new scheme achieves a uniformly high order accuracy for smooth solutions and produces non-oscillatory profiles for discontinuities. This is especially so for long time evolution problems. The scheme combines the simplicity of the central schemes and accuracy of the upwind schemes. The advantages of the new scheme will be fully realized when solving various examples.     

Efficient high‐resolution relaxation schemes for hyperbolic systems of conservation laws

In this work, we present a total variation diminishing (TVD) scheme in the zero relaxation limit for nonlinear hyperbolic conservation law using flux limiters within the framework of a relaxation system that converts a nonlinear conservation law into a system of linear convection equations with nonlinear source terms. We construct a numerical flux for space discretization of the obtained relaxation system and modify the definition of the smoothness parameter depending on the direction of the flow so that the scheme obeys the physical property of hyperbolicity. The advantages of the proposed scheme are that it can give second‐order accuracy everywhere without introducing oscillations for 1‐D problems (at least with) smooth initial condition. Also, the proposed scheme is more efficient as it works for any non‐zero constant value of the flux limiter ? ? [0, 1], where other TVD schemes fail. The resulting scheme is shown to be TVD in the zero relaxation limit for 1‐D scalar equations. Bound for the limiter function is obtained. Numerical results support the theoretical results. Copyright © 2007 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

Improved total variation diminishing schemes for advection simulation on arbitrary grids

The requirements for flux limiter functions preserving total variation diminishing (TVD) are derived based on a 1D nonuniform grid, and a new TVD region is determined to fit arbitrary 1D grids. Some second‐order TVD schemes called improved TVD schemes are developed, such as modified Van Leer scheme, modified Van Albada scheme, and modified SUPERBEE scheme. Then, they are extended to 2D grids. Because the element sizes and face positions are taken into account, good behaviors are observed in the implementations in both 1D and 2D cases for pure advection simulation. That is, good conservation, better monotonicity, and higher accuracy are maintained by the improved TVD schemes compared with the present ones deduced from uniform grids, and they keep superiorities even when implemented on poor grids. Among all the improved TVD schemes, the modified SUPERBEE is only recommended for poor 1D grids, but the modified Van Leer scheme can suit both poor 1D and 2D grids. Copyright © 2011 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

Numerical experiments with several variant WENO schemes for the Euler equations

Numerical experiments with several variants of the original weighted essentially non‐oscillatory (WENO) schemes (J. Comput. Phys. 1996; 126 :202–228) including anti‐diffusive flux corrections, the mapped WENO scheme, and modified smoothness indicator are tested for the Euler equations. The TVD Runge–Kutta explicit time‐integrating scheme is adopted for unsteady flow computations and lower–upper symmetric‐Gauss–Seidel (LU‐SGS) implicit method is employed for the computation of steady‐state solutions. A numerical flux of the variant WENO scheme in flux limiter form is presented, which consists of first‐order and high‐order fluxes and allows for a more flexible choice of low‐order schemes. Computations of unsteady oblique shock wave diffraction over a wedge and steady transonic flows over NACA 0012 and RAE 2822 airfoils are presented to test and compare the methods. Various aspects of the variant WENO methods including contact discontinuity sharpening and steady‐state convergence rate are examined. By using the WENO scheme with anti‐diffusive flux corrections, the present solutions indicate that good convergence rate can be achieved and high‐order accuracy is maintained and contact discontinuities are sharpened markedly as compared with the original WENO schemes on the same meshes. Copyright © 2008 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

Positivity‐preserving,flux‐limited finite‐difference and finite‐element methods for reactive transport

A new class of positivity‐preserving, flux‐limited finite‐difference and Petrov–Galerkin (PG) finite‐element methods are devised for reactive transport problems.The methods are similar to classical TVD flux‐limited schemes with the main difference being that the flux‐limiter constraint is designed to preserve positivity for problems involving diffusion and reaction. In the finite‐element formulation, we also consider the effect of numerical quadrature in the lumped and consistent mass matrix forms on the positivity‐preserving property. Analysis of the latter scheme shows that positivity‐preserving solutions of the resulting difference equations can only be guaranteed if the flux‐limited scheme is both implicit and satisfies an additional lower‐bound condition on time‐step size. We show that this condition also applies to standard Galerkin linear finite‐element approximations to the linear diffusion equation. Numerical experiments are provided to demonstrate the behavior of the methods and confirm the theoretical conditions on time‐step size, mesh spacing, and flux limiting for transport problems with and without nonlinear reaction. Copyright © 2003 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

Composite high resolution localized relaxation scheme based on upwinding for hyperbolic conservation laws

In this work we present an upwind‐based high resolution scheme using flux limiters. Based on the direction of flow we choose the smoothness parameter in such a way that it leads to a truly upwind scheme without losing total variation diminishing (TVD) property for hyperbolic linear systems where characteristic values can be of either sign. Here we present and justify the choice of smoothness parameters. The numerical flux function of a high resolution scheme is constructed using wave speed splitting so that it results into a scheme that truly respects the physical hyperbolicity property. Bounds are given for limiter functions to satisfy TVD property. The proposed scheme is extended for non‐linear problems by using the framework of relaxation system that converts a non‐linear conservation law into a system of linear convection equations with a non‐linear source term. The characteristic speed of relaxation system is chosen locally on three point stencil of grid. This obtained relaxation system is solved using composite scheme technique, i.e. using a combination of proposed scheme with the conservative non‐standard finite difference scheme. Presented numerical results show higher resolution near discontinuity without introducing spurious oscillations. Copyright © 2008 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

非稳态Hamilton-Jacobi方程的7阶加权紧致非线性格式

Hamilton-Jacobi (HJ) 方程是一类重要的非线性偏微分方程, 在物理学、流体力学、图像处理、微分几何、金融数学、最优化控制理论等方面有着广泛的应用. 由于HJ方程的弱解存在但不唯一, 且解的导数可能出现间断, 导致其数值求解具有一定的难度. 本文提出了非稳态HJ方程的7阶精度加权紧致非线性格式 (WCNS). 该格式结合了Hamilton函数的Lax-Friedrichs型通量分裂方法和一阶空间导数左、右极限值的高阶精度混合节点和半节点型中心差分格式. 基于7点全局模板和4个4点子模板推导了半节点函数值的高阶线性逼近和4个低阶线性逼近, 以及全局模板和子模板的光滑度量指标. 为避免间断附近数值解产生非物理振荡以及提高格式稳定性, 采用WENO型非线性插值方法计算半节点函数值. 时间离散采用3阶TVD型Runge-Kutta方法. 通过理论分析验证了WCNS格式对于光滑解具有最佳的7阶精度. 为方便比较, 经典的7阶WENO格式也被推广用于求解HJ方程. 数值结果表明, 本文提出的WCNS格式能够很好地模拟HJ方程的精确解, 且在光滑区域能够达到7阶精度; 与经典的同阶WENO格式相比, WCNS格式在精度、收敛性和分辨率方面更优, 计算效率略高.