场地土的随机地震反应分析

研究了剪切模量随深度呈线性变化时场地土的随机地震反应分析方法, 分别建立了基岩输入地震动加速度功率谱函数为白噪声和过滤白噪声时场地土的随机地震反应分析理论。     

基于胡聿贤谱的带支撑广义Maxwell阻尼隔震结构随机响应分析

工程中通过设置支撑将阻尼器和建筑结构连接, 但常为了简化分析, 将支撑的水平刚度看成无穷大, 即不考虑支撑对耗能结构随机地震响应的影响. 实际上, 考虑有限水平刚度的支撑对耗能结构响应的影响更加符合工程实际, 为考虑支撑影响的广义Maxwell耗能隔震结构在胡聿贤谱地震激励下的响应分析, 提出一种求解随机地震响应的简明解析解法. 将带支撑广义Maxwell阻尼器等效本构关系、隔震结构运动方程以及胡聿贤谱滤波方程联合组成非经典阻尼系统, 运用复模态法对该非经典阻尼系统解耦, 通过不同响应模态获得耗能隔震系统系列响应基于白噪声激励的Duhamel积分表达式; 利用Dirac函数的性质, 将系统系列响应协方差简化为无积分运算的表达式, 根据功率谱密度函数与其协方差函数的Wiener-Khinchin关系, 得到耗能隔震系统系列响应功率谱和地面加速度功率谱, 基于随机振动理论中谱矩的定义, 得到耗能隔震系统系列响应0 ~ 2阶谱矩. 算例通过与虚拟激励法对比分析, 验证所提方法在该耗能隔震系统分析的正确性和高效性, 并讨论了不同支撑刚度对阻尼器减震效果的影响.      

挡土结构物随机地震响应分析及动力可靠度研究

本文提供了一种简单的确定性数值方法,来分析在平稳随机地震荷载作用下的结构随机地震响应及动力可靠度。该方法基于有限元动力分析软件,以单位加速度脉冲函数作为地震荷载的输入,当计算出结构的脉冲响应函数后,再运用傅立叶变换得到随机激励和结构响应之间的传递函数,由此来计算结构的均方根响应和峰值响应。基于此方法,分析了挡土结构物在平稳随机地震荷载作用下的位移、弯矩、基底水平合力、基底竖向合力以及沿墙高的土压力极值的随机地震响应及动力可靠度。从分析结果可以看出:用Kanai谱模型的计算值比欧进萍谱模型的计算值更趋保守,而把响应过程当作马尔可夫过程似比泊松过程更精确。     

全非平稳地震作用下地下空间结构随机反应及可靠度分析

为研究全非平稳地震作用下地下空间结构的随机地震反应特征及可靠度分析方法，本文基于非均匀调制演变随机过程，建立了一种同时考虑强度非平稳和频率非平稳的全非平稳随机地震动输入功率谱分析模型；利用频响函数和脉冲响应函数间的傅里叶变换关系，推导出了适用于地下空间结构随机反应分析的响应功率谱计算表达式，可结合有限元方法对全非平稳地震作用下地下空间结构进行随机反应分析．基于穿越过程为泊松过程假定，采用分部积分方法，进一步推导出了适用于首次超越破坏可靠度计算的互相关函数解析表达式．然后，本文以上海某两层三跨地铁车站为工程背景，建立土-地铁车站结构相互作用体系有限元模型，对全非平稳地震作用下地铁车站结构进行了随机反应分析和中柱可靠度分析．结果表明：在非均匀调制演变功率谱作用下，结构的响应功率谱也具有明显的演变特征；利用文中给出的互相关函数计算公式，可避开调制函数的数值微分，提高计算精度．     

建筑结构基于Clough-Penzien谱的随机地震动响应的简明解析解法

针对建筑结构基于Clough-Penzien(C-P)谱下的结构随机地震动响应既有方法复杂的现状,提出了一种简明解析法.C-P谱是将场地的地震动看作基于白噪声激励的两个关联的滤波方程,较准确地模拟场地的平稳地震动特征.首先,提出将C-P谱滤波方程组与建筑结构的运动方程联立,实现了不易求解的非白噪声激励精确转化为简明的白...     

土-桩-结构相互作用体系随机地震反应分析

本文采用随机振动理论与有限元技术相结合的方法，以基岩随机地震作为输入，对群桩基础和土-桩-结构相互作用体系进行了三维随机地震反应分析。文中首先以一3X3群桩基础作为分析模型，探讨了桩-土-桩动力相互作用对承台随机地震反应的影响；然后，用单自由度体系模拟上部结构，分析了上部结构惯性对桩基承台随机地震反应的影响。在此基础上，以某桥桥墩为背景，用多自由度体系模拟上部结构，建立了土-桩-结构相互作用体系的三维分析模型，获得了桩基承台的功率谱响应、以及桩顶处的主应力标准差和主应力速率标准差等结果，探讨了群桩顶部各桩主应力标准差的分布规律，得到了一些有应用价值的结果。     

场地土层动力特性的计算方法

从地震工程的角度讲,研究场地土层的动力特性主要有两个用途:一是在由基岩的运动计算地表的运动时,比较常用的方法之一是振型分解法,它首先要求确定土层的动力特性;二是由地表的地震加速度记录推算基岩的地震运动时一般也采用振型分解法,因而也需要确定土层的动力特性。     

加性非平稳激励下结构速度响应的FPK方程降维

结构在随机激励下的非线性响应分析是具有高度挑战性的困难问题. 对于白噪声或过滤白噪声激励,求解FPK方程将获得结构响应 的精确解. 遗憾的是,对于非线性多自由度系统,FPK方程难以直接求解. 事实上,其数值解法严重受限于方程维度,而解析求解 则仅适用于少数特定的系统,且多是稳态解. 因此,将FPK方程进行降维,是求解高维随机动力响应分析问题的重要途径. 本文针 对幅值调制的加性白噪声激励下多自由度非线性结构的非平稳随机响应分析问题,将联合概率密度函数满足的高维FPK方程进行降 维. 针对结构速度响应概率密度函数求解,通过引入等价漂移系数,原FPK方程可转化为一维FPK型方程. 建议了构造等价漂移系数 的条件均值函数方法. 进而,采用路径积分方法求解降维FPK型方程,得到速度概率密度函数的数值解答. 结合单自由度Rayleigh 振子、十层线性剪切型框架和非线性剪切型框架结构在幅值调制的加性白噪声激励下的非平稳速度响应求解,讨论了本文方法的精 度和效率,验证了其有效性.      

地基土—多自由度非线性结构相互作用体系的非平稳随机动力响应分析

本文应用一个改进的等效线性化方法探讨了地基土——多自由度非线性结构相互作用体系在随机地震荷载作用下的非平稳动力响应问题。对非线性恢复力模型采用一个具有三线性滞回特性的非线性系统。最后将在平稳Gauss过滤白噪声激励下的非平稳随机响应与Monte-carlo法的统计结果进行了比较,得出了较为满意的结果。     

基于平稳过滤有色噪声地震动模型的MTMD性能评价

研究了由许多刚度和阻尼保持为常量且频率呈线性分布的TMDs形成的MTMD的地震特性。基于虚拟激励法和平稳过滤有色噪声地震动模型，建立了结构－MTMD系统的传递函数，进而导出了设置MTMD时结构的动力放大系数（DMF）明确表达式。于是MTMD的优化准则可定义为Min.Min.Max.DMF。通过最优搜寻可得MTMD的最优频率间隔、平均阻尼比、调谐频率比和相应的无量纲控制有效性指标。目前的论文通过考虑结构受控频率与地震加速度卓越频率比的不同取值和不同场地类型，研究地震卓越频率和场地类型对MTMD最优参数及有效性的影响。同时与基于Kanai-Tajimi平稳过滤白噪声地震动模型和不考虑地震加速度卓越频率(ωg=∝）两种情况的结果进行了比较。     

Direct specturm analysis of the state space for random vibration of MDOF linear damped system

This paper proceeds from the general case of the unsymmetric linearized multi-degrees of freedom (MDOF) systems. By adopting the general complex modal theory of the state space, the response analysis for a system subjected to random excitation of the same source is carried out using as a kind of direct spectrum analysis method in frequency domain. With the input of power spectral density function given, the explicit expression of the power spectral density function matrix of the output response can be obtained. By taking Fourier inverse transform, the integrated expressions of the correlation function matrix and of the spectrum moment matrix are obtained. Comparing with the time domain method, this method enjoys the merit of visualization and avoids the procedure of transformation from the obtained response correlation function to be solved for the output spectrum utilizing Fourier transform. This paper has extended the application range of the traditional frequency domain analysis method. The mean square values and variety of statistical values can be obtained conveniently. This method and the time domain method are different in approach but equally satisfactory in their results. The project is supported by National Natural Science Foundation of China and National Education Commission Science Foundation of China     

A Volterra-PEM approach for random vibration spectrum analysis of nonlinear systems

In this paper, the Volterra series and the pseudo-excitation method (PEM) are combined to establish a frequency domain method for the power spectral density (PSD) analysis of random vibration of nonlinear systems. The explicit expression of the multi-dimensional power spectral density (MPSD) of the random vibration response is derived analytically. Furthermore, a fast calculation strategy from MPSD to physical PSD is given. The PSD characteristics analysis of the random vibration response of nonlinear systems is effectively achieved. First, within the framework of Volterra series theory, an improved PEM is established for MPSD analysis of nonlinear systems. As a generalized PEM for nonlinear random vibration analysis, the Volterra-PEM is used to analyse the response MPSD, which also has a very concise expression. Second, in the case of computation difficulties with multi-dimensional integration from MPSD to PSD, the computational efficiency is improved by converting the multi-dimensional integral into a matrix operation. Finally, as numerical examples, the Volterra-PEM is used to estimate the response PSD for stationary random vibration of a nonlinear spring-damped oscillator and a non-ideal boundary beam with geometrical nonlinearity. Compared with Monte Carlo simulation, the results show that by constructing generalized pseudo-excitation and matrix operation methods, Volterra-PEM can be used for input PSD with arbitrary energy distribution, not only restricted to broadband white noise excitation, and accurately predict the secondary resonance phenomenon of the random vibration response of nonlinear systems in the frequency domain.

     

Seismic behaviour of isolated multi-span continuous bridge to nonstationary random seismic excitation

This paper concentrates on the results of responses of a multi-span continuous bridge isolated with double concave friction pendulum bearings subjected to non-stationary random seismic excitation characterized by the incoherence, the wave-passage, and the site-response effects. The earthquake excitation is modelled as a non-stationary random process as uniformly modulated broad-band excitation. To perform the seismic isolation procedure, the double concave friction pendulum bearings which are sliding devices that utilize two spherical concave surfaces are placed at each of the six support points of the deck. The non-stationary response of the isolated bridge is compared with the corresponding stationary response in order to study the effects of non-stationary characteristics of the earthquake input motion. Solutions obtained from the stationary and non-stationary stochastic analyses for the isolated bridge to spatially varying earthquake ground motions are compared for the special cases of the earthquake ground motion model. The spatially varying earthquake ground motions are described stochastically based on an empirical coherency loss function and a filtered power spectral density function. The site effect is considered by a transfer function derived from one dimensional wave propagation theory. It is observed that the stationary assumption is reasonable for the considered ground motion duration.     

Dynamic Systems with Poisson White Noise

Methods are developed for finding properties of the output of linear and nonlinear dynamic systems to random actions represented by Poisson white noise and filtered Poisson processes. The Poisson white noise can be viewed as a sequence of independent, identically distributed pulses arriving at random times. The filtered Poisson process is the output of a linear filter to Poisson white noise. Three methods are considered for finding output properties. If the input has infrequent or frequent pulses, output properties can be obtained from a Markov model or the assumption that the input is a Gaussian white noise, respectively. Otherwise, a method based on Itô's formula for semimartingales is used to find output properties. Examples are used to illustrate the proposed methods.     

Calculating response spectral moments by complex modal analysis

Response spectral moments are useful for system reliability analysis. Usually, spectral moments are calculated by the frequency domain method. Based on the time domain modal analysis of random vibrations, the authors present a new method for calculating response spectral moments through response correlation functions. The method can be applied to both classical and non-classical damping cases and to three kinds of random excitations, i.e., white noise, band-limited white noise, and filtered white noise. Project supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China.     

Stochastic Vibration Model of Gear Transmission Systems Considering Speed-Dependent Random Errors

A dynamic and stochastic simulation model is developed for analyzing the vibration of gear transmission systems with consideration of the influence of the time-variant stiffness, loads, and gear transmission errors. The gear transmission system is viewed as a non-linear, time-correlated and stationary stochastic system. The transmission errors of gears are decomposed into harmonic and random components based on the spectral analysis. To simulate the random component, a second order Markov process with time-variant parameters considering influence of rotational speed is proposed and the method to determine the model parameters based on the random error of measured gear transmission error is developed. A simulation system is developed. The input to the simulation system is a white Gaussian noise process and harmonic errors, and the output is the rotational vibration acceleration of gears. Experiments are carried out to verify the proposed model. The influences of the random error on vibration acceleration are examined using the developed simulation system.     

建筑结构基于巴斯金风速谱的系列风振响应的简明封闭解

针对巴斯金风速谱激励下的建筑结构顺风向振动响应表达式复杂的问题,提出了一种简明封闭解法.巴斯金随机谱广泛应用于描述脉动风、随机地震动和路面不平顺等各种随机激励,本文基于留数定理给出巴斯金风速功率谱的二次正交式.综合运用复模态法和虚拟激励法获得了建筑结构系列响应(位移、层间位移及其变化率)功率谱的统一形式的二次正交式,并根据谱矩的定义获得了建筑结构系列响应的方差和谱矩及绝对加速度方差的简明封闭解.运用本文方法对一8层建筑结构进行分析,并与传统虚拟激励法进行对比研究,表明本文所得封闭解正确,并可用于验证虚拟激励法在谱矩和方差分析时的精度和效率.由于本文方法含有复模态法,故可用于各类线性结构基于巴斯金谱的随机响应分析和基于动力可靠度及舒适度的动力优化分析.     

EEMD修正爆破加速度零漂信号中的最优白噪声系数

为了有效降低振动信号误差以提高数据的可信度，先针对花岗岩爆破试验中的加速度零漂信号，使用集合经验模态分解（ensemble empirical mode decomposition，EEMD）与高低频处理相结合的方法进行修正；接着，根据信号冲击响应谱提出表征修正前后频域平均偏差幅度的修正指数；最后，基于频域和时域分别讨论了不同白噪声系数范围内信号的修正效果。分析表明:EEMD方法能够有效地消除爆破加速度信号的零漂现象，但对积分后速度信号的零漂趋势改善有限；随着白噪声系数增大，不同频段上修正指数均不同程度地增大，二者呈现幂指数关系；根据不同频段上的修正指数分析，可以确定不同零漂加速度信号对应的最优白噪声系数范围。本文提出的修正指数可为EEMD方法处理加速度零漂信号时白噪声系数的合理选取提供参考。