航天测量船静电陀螺监控器标定分析与应用

针对航天测量船标校经纬仪设备航向测量的局限性以及新装备的投入使用现状,分析了海上动态条件下静电陀螺监控器标定过程外界的影响因素,提出了静电陀螺监控器设备导航数据质量的分析方法.在此基础上,进行了试验数据的分析,通过与标校经纬仪测星计算的惯导航向误差比对,充分说明了该设备的良好性能,从而解决了测量船多云天气下标校经纬仪无法测星为惯导系统校准提供航向差的问题,实现了与标校经纬仪数据的互补,进而保障了航天测量船全天候海上测控的精度.     

基于光纤光栅技术的船体变形修正技术

为进一步优化航天测量船变形测量系统,提出了基于光纤Bragg光栅技术的应变误差测量方法。首先通过对测量船变形系统的结构和光路进行几何分析,建立了应变量与误差角之间的转换模型。然后基于光纤光栅技术设计了测量船变形系统的应变误差测量方案。由应变与误差角的转换公式得到,运用常用的Si425型光纤光栅解调仪,其理论测量精度可达0.01″。     

航天测量船静电陀螺监控器海上动态标定

为减小海上动态条件下静电陀螺监控器标定过程外界因素的影响,提高航天测量船组合导航系统静电陀螺监控器海上测量数据的输出精度,通过对静电陀螺监控器标校过程原理的研究,分析了惯导水平姿态误差、船舶机动、标定参数耦合等因素对静电陀螺监控器标定效果的影响并进行了仿真试验,提出了静电陀螺监控器海上动态条件下进行标定的方法和航行工况保障要求。实际结果证明,通过提高惯导系统初校精度、施放减摇鳍减小船摇、减少船舶机动、改变船舶航向进行标定参数解耦等方法对提高海上动态条件静电陀螺监控器标定效果行之有效,对提高航天测量船组合导航系统数据输出精度具有重要意义。     

船体变形的监测方法及其对航向姿态信息的修正

分析了船体变形的原因、种类，以及船体变形对航姿信息的影响；介绍了监测船体变形的四种结构力学方法和包括惯性测量匹配法在内的三种船舶航行实时监测法，以及GPS姿态测量在船体变形监测中的应用。着重讨论了惯性测量匹配法测定船体变形技术在火控系统、舰载飞机和舰载导弹惯导系统传递对准、磁测量船、其它物理测量船等方面的应用。最后针对位于舰船的中心航姿系统和局部基准部位的陀螺和加速度计等测量部件的不同配置，详细给出了用惯性测量匹配法测定并消除船体变形影响的三种实施方案，比较了各方案的特点、计算过程和系统输出数据。这些方案对于在役舰船和现代舰船的船体变形监测和航向姿态修正具有借鉴作用。     

大型结构变形监测摄像测量研究进展

桥梁、隧道、舰船等大型结构变形的全场、高精度、动态测量,是其动态性能实验和质量监测的基本要求。摄像测量具有非接触、高精度、可测点多、实时动态测量等特点,在大型结构的变形监测方面有独特的优势。本文介绍了作者所在科研团队近年来利用摄像测量技术在大型结构变形监测方面的研究新成果和典型应用,包括提出位移传递像机串联网络摄像测量方法与技术,用于自动监测高速铁路、隧道等大型结构的路基沉降;研制天线基座变形摄像测量系统,实时、连续、长时间测量我国远望号测量船的天线基座变形等。     

静电陀螺监控器对航天器定轨精度影响分析

航天测量船与陆基测控站在对航天器进行轨道跟踪测量中存在很大区别,陆基测控站是定点测控,定轨精度完全取决于无线电设备自身精度,而测量船是海基动态测控,定轨精度除受无线电设备自身精度影响,更大程度上受制于惯性导航系统(INS)提供的船姿船位(航向、船摇、位置)数据精度。测量船为提高船姿船位数据精度,使用了静电陀螺监控器(ESGM)与惯性导航设备(INS)、全球卫星导航系统(GNSS)相结合的组合导航系统。结合INS/ESGM/GNSS工作原理和测量船航天器定轨中船姿船位数据源的选择,将船姿船位数据精度对测量船定轨精度的影响进行了仿真,并通过无线电设备实测数据的事后数据处理对仿真结果进行了验证。研究结果表明,ESGM能够在很大程度上提高测量船航天器的定轨精度。     

基于摄像测量原理的船体垂向变形测量半实物仿真实验研究

针对船体垂向变形测量的迫切需求,以及现有方法对于垂向变形适用性差的实际情况,提出了一种利用摄像测量原理实现垂向变形测量的新方法,推导了设备垂向变形角与姿态欧拉角变化量之间的转换关系,在此基础上设计了船体垂向变形测量方案。通过在平台上的CCD像机对与垂向设备基座固连的合作标志的实时观测,解算由于变形引起的合作标志姿态变化量,再利用合作标志与设备基座固连关系计算设备的垂向变形角。在实验室条件下进行了半实物仿真实验,实验结果测量值与参考值变化趋势一致,测量误差均在10″以下,说明该方法在垂向变形测量中正确可行。     

基于数字图像处理技术的惯导航向误差解算技术

船载经纬仪是航天测量船专用光学测量设备,其重要功能就是通过测星校航向,并以此为基准对惯性导航设备进行校准.描述了经纬仪测星原理并分析了其易受天气因素影响的缺点,通过对上述问题的深入研究提出了一种新型的基于数字图像处理技术的测星方法.该方法通过采集经纬仪测星时的视频图像,并根据星体位置解算航向误差,极大程度提高了经纬仪测星能力,弥补其功能上的缺陷.通过对传统测星法、人工判读法和数字判读法的优缺点、误差分析和实际应用效果的比对,对该方法进行了准确的评估,得出了其数据精度高、满足任务需求、有效弥补经纬仪功能缺陷并提高测量船整体测控精度的结论,具有其独特的优势和利用价值,值得在测量船以及其它动态测量单元中普及和推广.     

消减舰船变形的影响和为全舰提供高精度姿态基准

引用国内外一些文献列举的现代舰船船体变形的数据，论证了消减船体变形的影响和为全舰提供精确的姿态基准的重要意义。对舰载航向姿态基准的功能、性能与特点进行了综述。介绍了基于激光陀螺和光纤Bragg光栅传感器测量船体变形的新方法。最后，探讨了分布式姿态基准系统的技术方案。     

基于星体测量的惯导水平姿态标定技术

水平姿态误差标定是提高测量船惯性导航系统精度的重要手段.传统的水平精度标定一般只能在实验室或坞内等静态条件下通过高精度水平仪来实现.针对动态条件下水平作差、平台旋转及经纬仪方位俯仰信息联立求解等标定方法存在标定条件苛刻、精度相对较低等局限性,提出了一种基于星体测量的惯导水平姿态标定新技术——俯仰脱靶量求解法,推导了计算公式,并对解算精度进行了系统分析.通过惯导精度鉴定及某次试验任务的检验,其解算精度在5.8″以内,具有较高的置信度.该方法解决了惯导水平姿态动态条件下标定的技术难题,为提高惯导水平姿态精度、实战数据的事后处理以及动态条件下加速度计零位标定提供了依据,对提高航天测量船总体测量精度具有重要意义.     

Research on the iterative method for model updating based on the frequency response function

Model reduction technique is usually employed in model updating process.In this paper,a new model updating method named as cross-model cross-frequency response function(CMCF) method is proposed and a new iterative method associating the model updating method with the model reduction technique is investigated.The new model updating method utilizes the frequency response function to avoid the modal analysis process and it does not need to pair or scale the measured and the analytical frequency response function,which could greatly increase the number of the equations and the updating parameters.Based on the traditional iterative method,a correction term related to the errors resulting from the replacement of the reduction matrix of the experimental model with that of the finite element model is added in the new iterative method.Comparisons between the traditional iterative method and the proposed iterative method are shown by model updating examples of solar panels,and both of these two iterative methods combine the CMCF method and the succession-level approximate reduction technique.Results show the effectiveness of the CMCF method and the proposed iterative method.     

Developing a new mesh deformation technique based on support vector machine

Mesh deformation technique is widely applied in numerical simulations involving moving boundaries, and the deforming capability and efficiency is the key of it. In this paper, we present a new point-by-point mesh deformation method based on the support vector machine. This proposed method, to certain extent, is similar to the radial basis function (RBF) interpolation method with data reduction, but the new approach selects key boundary points automatically without specifying an initial set, and the function coefficients are obtained by solving a simple quadratic programming problem. Therefore, it is more efficient than the RBF method. Typical 2D/3D applications and realistic unsteady flow over a pitching airfoil are simulated to demonstrate the capability of the new method. With proper setting, the quality of the deformed meshes after using the new method is comparable to that of the RBF method, and the performance is improved by up to 7 ×.     

基于集群的并行有限元分析研究

利用面向对象的方法实现了基于集群的并行有限元分析.首先介绍构建高性能计算集群的系统分析新方法,并针对建成集群系统的特点,对并行消息传递库MPI进行了并行语义分析,进而对其主要的实现函数进行面向对象的重构而建立起OO消息传递库,以此为基础分别利用两种不同的策略实现了面向对象的并行有限元分析(OOParaFEA: Object-Oriented Parallel FEA),一种是通过对传统的基于域分解方法的并行PCG算法进行改造而在集群平台实现,另一种是对已有的基于子结构方法的串行有限元分析程序加以扩展,加入系统方程组并行求解器而达到有限元分析并行化的目的.多个分析算例表明,基于集群进行面向对象的并行有限元分析可以有效提高计算效率,为进一步的网络化CAD/CAE研究奠定良好基础.     

Mesh deformation based on artificial neural networks

In the article a new mesh deformation algorithm based on artificial neural networks is introduced. This method is a point-to-point method, meaning that it does not use connectivity information for calculation of the mesh deformation. Two already known point-to-point methods, based on interpolation techniques, are also presented. In contrast to the two known interpolation methods, the new method does not require a summation over all boundary nodes for one displacement calculation. The consequence of this fact is a shorter computational time of mesh deformation, which is proven by different deformation tests. The quality of the deformed meshes with all three deformation methods was also compared. Finally, the generated and the deformed three-dimensional meshes were used in the computational fluid dynamics numerical analysis of a Francis water turbine. A comparison of the analysis results was made to prove the applicability of the new method in every day computation.     

基于八叉树的全局接触搜索算法研究

接触搜索是接触-碰撞问题有限元模拟中最为耗时的部分,高效的接触搜索算法是提高数值分析效率的关键。以面心坐标和特征长度表征接触主片,并引入树包围盒和从节点包围盒的概念,基于八叉树算法发展了一种高效的全局接触搜索方法,计算复杂度为O(Nlog8M),其中N为从节点数,M为接触主片数。程序实现时,通过引入接触预搜索和相邻搜索方式加速搜索速度。本文算法基于PANDA-Impact软件实现,并进行了算例验证分析。结果表明,本文算法具有很好的接触搜索效率与适用性,与桶排序算法相比,当接触复杂且规模较大时,本文算法表现出较大的优势。     

Sensitivity analysis of soil parameters based on interval

Interval analysis is a new uncertainty analysis method for engineering structures. In this paper, a new sensitivity analysis method is presented by introducing interval analysis which can expand applications of the interval analysis method. The interval analysis process of sensitivity factor matrix of soil parameters is given. A method of parameter intervals and decision-making target intervals is given according to the interval analysis method. With FEM, secondary developments are done for Marc and the Duncan-Chang nonlinear elastic model. Mutual transfer between FORTRAN and Marc is implemented. With practial examples, rationality and feasibility are validated. Comparison is made with some published results.     

基于微分算子变换的广义卡尔曼估计方法

本文发展了一类新的动力系统参数识别方法。通过引入微分算子变换，使系统状态变量与系统参数成功地分离开来。然后，以算子变换方程作为观测方程，并引入关于系统参数的状态方程；利用广义卡尔曼滤波方法进行参数递推估计。系统仿真算例表明：本文建议的新方法，不仅可以适用于较高噪声环境情形，而且可以同时适用于线性参数系统与非线性参数系统。     

Stress field tomography based on 3D photoelasticity

A tomographic method for identification of stress fields based on 3D photoelasticity has been developed. A second order tensor field tomographic method based on the general inverse problem of 3D photoelasticity, previously developed by the authors, is found to be highly sensitive to errors in photoelastic observations. In this study a new tomographic method for stress field with fairly high robustness to errors in photoelastic observations has been developed by introducing both equilibrium condition and linear elasticity to the previously developed general tensor field tomographic method. This new stress field tomographic method expands unknown 3D stress distributions as a linear combination of independent set of basis functions and a new inverse problem is posed: identify the amplitudes of basis functions based on photoelastic observations. Just as the inverse problem of 3D photoelasticity, this newly posed inverse problem is also nonlinear and ill posed. Unlike conventional approaches to 3D photoelasticity, both these nonlinearity and ill-posedness are properly treated using a load incremental approach. Load incremental approach chops the nonlinear solution space into segments with unique solutions by conducting photoelastic observations at sufficiently small increments in external load. Validating both numerically and experimentally, it is shown that this new stress field tomographic method has sufficient robustness against errors in photoelastic observations and is applicable to experimental stress measurements.     

基于背景网格变形的动态网格移动方法

基于Delaunay背景网格插值技术的动态网格生成方法无需迭代计算,效率较高。但对复杂构形大幅运动的动边界问题,尤其当边界大幅转动时,背景网格极易交叉重叠。重新生成背景网格和重新定位网格节点信息不仅费时而且会导致网格质量的严重下降。本文提出改进的基于背景网格的动态网格变形方法,通过在初始Delaunay背景网格中添加辅助点,生成一层新的背景网格和新的映射关系;采用ball-vertex弹簧法驱动新背景网格的变形,进而牵动目标网格的变形。算例表明,本文提出的动态网格变形方法对所关心区域的网格具有良好保形性,边界可转动更大角度而不会出现网格交叉重叠问题,总体上提高了动态网格更新的效率和质量。     

保持顶点多样性的复合形法及其在边坡稳定分析中的应用

针对基本复合形法全局搜索能力不强的缺陷,改进了基本复合形法的寻优方法。在关于各个顶点的寻优直线上分别找出比各个顶点优异的点并替换掉各顶点构成多个新复形,并以各个复合形中心点到各个顶点的海明距离之和为中心距指标,找出最大中心距的复形为下一次迭代之新复形。依次迭代,直到没有新的复形产生。通过对两个复杂边坡最小安全系数的搜索,发现本文新复合形法的全局搜索能力有较大提高。