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1.
向志海  黄俊涛 《实验力学》2012,27(5):545-551
螺栓连接是工程中大量使用的装配形式.在振动等环境因素的作用下,螺栓很可能会发生松动,这样不但会影响结构的正常功能,严重时还会导致安全事故.因此,螺栓松紧程度的无损检测方法一直受到研究者的关注.为了发展一种简单有效的检测方法,本文回避了复杂的非线性动力学分析,而直接根据螺栓敲击装置加速度功率密度谱中的敏感频段来检测螺栓的松动情况.另外,本方法要求对敲击力进行严格控制,以保证激励的可重复性,这样就可以结合支持向量机方法来定量地检测螺栓的松紧程度.实验表明,方法可以较好地实现对螺栓的松紧程度的定量检测,特别是对于螺栓全松和螺栓刚开始松动这两种情况,可以达到较高的检测精度.  相似文献   

2.
范刚  张宏宇  王捷冰  薛铮  刘晓华 《力学学报》2022,54(5):1303-1321
针对典型连接结构中, 高强螺栓在受拉工况下因产生附加弯矩而极大削弱其承载能力的问题, 开展了螺栓附加弯矩产生的机理研究, 并提出了一种有效降低螺栓附加弯矩的结构优化设计方法. 首先, 建立典型连接结构的等效力学模型, 推导出螺栓附加弯矩的解析解, 进一步开展数值仿真分析, 验证了解析方法的正确性. 考虑螺栓同时承受拉弯耦合载荷工况, 引入梁塑性弯曲理论, 研究了不同拉弯组合下的螺栓截面各类应力分布的交互关系, 并给出了考虑轴力影响的弯矩塑性折减系数. 基于最大应力破坏准则, 开展了考虑附加弯矩和弯曲塑性影响的螺栓载荷失效判据研究, 该判据更加具有工程应用价值. 从机理出发, 开展典型连接结构优化设计以降低螺栓的附加弯矩进而提高其承载能力, 进一步采用解析方法, 阐述了铰支球头的工作机理. 采用数值仿真方法, 开展了螺栓附加弯矩灵敏度分析, 验证了优化设计方法的有效性. 进一步开展试验研究, 获得不同连接状态下螺栓的附加弯矩, 验证了优化设计方法的正确性和可行性. 该方法能够极大降低高强螺栓的附加弯矩, 最大程度发挥螺栓的承载能力, 提高连接结构的可靠性.   相似文献   

3.
用贴片光弹法研究螺栓预紧力   总被引:2,自引:0,他引:2  
陆鹏  俞乐  刘骅  周唯 《力学季刊》2013,34(2):275-278
贴片光弹法是一种通过精确测量表面应变来获得应力的光测实验方法。为了有效且快速的评价螺栓预紧力,采用贴片光弹的方法,在螺栓头部表面粘贴一片环氧树脂材料,对螺栓施加一定的预紧力时,在反射光弹仪的偏振光场下直接可以观测到螺栓头部贴片中的光弹条纹。随着螺栓预紧力的变化,条纹相应发生改变,从而获得螺栓预紧力与光弹贴片中条纹级数的关系。由于该方法具有灵敏度高、直观、全场、简单等诸多优点,适合现场测量和检测,从而便于推广。  相似文献   

4.
指出了用梁的纵向层上的剪力分配给螺栓求螺栓剪力的方法是错误的,导出了正确的求解公式,该公式显示螺栓剪力实质上和梁的弯矩相关。  相似文献   

5.
螺栓连接结构的爆炸冲击破坏   总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1  
金晶  吴新跃 《爆炸与冲击》2010,30(2):197-202
为了建立真实可信的螺栓连接破坏模型,利用瞬态分析软件LS-DYNA分析了螺栓连接部件在爆 炸冲击下的破坏情况,提出了简化破坏模型的建立方法。建立了M24螺栓连接3维有限元模型,使用部分降 温法进行了螺栓预应力的加载,然后结合弹塑性材料本构模型和面-面接触算法计算了在不同爆炸冲击情况 下有、无预应力螺栓和螺栓-螺母连接的变形破坏情况。根据计算结果总结了冲击波入射角度和预紧力大小 对螺栓连接破坏的影响规律,并建立了螺栓连接结构的简化破坏模型。最后提出了提高螺栓连接抗冲击能力 的一些措施,为设备整体抗冲击计算模型的建立及抗冲击设计提供参考。  相似文献   

6.
本文利用纵横波相结合的方法对九江大桥联接螺栓的施拧轴力进行了群栓测量。该方法无需预知螺栓的初始长度,更为实用。  相似文献   

7.
在试验研究的基础上,对Q460高强钢螺栓横排和纵排连接接头的应力分布、破坏模式、螺栓受力及承载性能进行了有限元模拟,并与EC3规范关于孔壁承压、螺栓抗剪、净截面破坏及板件撕裂的理论计算值进行了对比。研究结果表明:有限元分析的荷载位移曲线规律及连接接头的极限承载力与试验结果基本吻合。当螺栓横向布置时,两孔受力较均匀,应力云图及塑性区域呈对称分布,拟合曲线点分布较离散,采用EC3规范理论计算值富裕度较大;当螺栓纵向布置时,两孔受力不均,端部螺栓孔变形较大,EC3规范计算端部螺栓和中部螺栓承载力均比较准确。本研究可为高强钢螺栓连接设计方法提供数据参考。  相似文献   

8.
针对现行机械类手册中假设"旋转力矩作用下,若摩擦型高强螺栓组中各螺栓预紧力相等,则相应的被连接件结合面摩擦力也相等"的局限性,采用接触有限元方法建立与实际情况一致的螺栓组连接结构的非线性有限元模型,计算给出了预紧力和旋转力矩作用下连接结构的接触摩擦力,结果表明与各螺栓对应的被连接件结合面部位的摩擦力大小与螺栓距离螺栓组旋转中心的距离呈单调增大关系.根据有限元计算结果,提出了不采用上述"摩擦力相等"假设时,设计摩擦型高强螺栓组中螺栓预紧力的新方法,给出了相应的计算公式,分析了新、旧公式的差别及新公式的意义.  相似文献   

9.
通过对22个Q690高强钢螺栓连接接头的静力拉伸试验,综合分析了其连接的破坏形态、受力性能和匹配性,讨论了关键参数对承载性能的影响。研究表明:螺栓横向布置时,承载力随螺栓端距、边距和间距的增大呈线性增长;螺栓纵向布置时,连接的承载力仅随边距增大而增大,螺栓端距和间距的影响不超过5%。螺栓孔径对承载力的影响主要体现在净截面面积上,螺栓强度等级会影响连接的初始滑移荷载,而对极限承载力影响较小,与Q690钢材匹配的高强钢螺栓建议取10.9级以上。EC3规范能较好地反映端距和边距的影响关系,但偏于保守,ANSI规范的拟合结果与试验值更接近。上述研究结果可为国产高强度钢材螺栓连接的设计理论和方法提供基础数据。  相似文献   

10.
在螺栓连接结构中,为保证连接的可靠性,必须为螺栓提供合适的预紧力。工程中通常采用扭矩法装配螺栓连接结构,因此需要确定预紧力与扭矩之间的关系(即扭矩系数),以施加合适的装配扭矩。本文对输电塔中常用的M16镀锌螺栓进行预紧力试验研究,测试分析了螺栓强度等级、有无垫圈和有无润滑对螺栓连接副扭矩系数的影响。研究结果表明,高强度螺栓比普通螺栓的扭矩系数小,数据离散性也小;无垫圈的螺栓比有垫圈的螺栓扭矩系数小,但数据离散性大;有润滑的螺栓比无润滑的螺栓扭矩系数小,数据离散性也小。本文同时探讨了如何控制、调整扭矩系数,以及螺栓连接中要注意的问题,为设计和施工单位提供参考。  相似文献   

11.
In-plane elastic wave propagation in the presence of a damaged interface is investigated. The damage is modeled as a distribution of small cracks and this is transformed into a spring boundary condition. First the scattering by a single interface crack is determined explicitly in the low frequency limit for the case of a plane wave normally incident to the interface. The transmission at an interface with a random distribution of small cracks is then determined and is compared to periodically distributed cracks. The cracked interface is then described by a distributed spring boundary condition. As an illustration the dispersion relation of the first modes in a thick plate with a damaged interface in the middle is given.  相似文献   

12.
1 TheProcessandStatementoftheResultAsadynamicalcounterpartoftheclassicalPoissonlimittheoremfor0_1valuedindependentrandomvariables,aPoissonlimittheoremisprovedbyPitskel[1,2 ]forergodicfiniteMarkovchains,forstronglyergodicnon_homogeneousfiniteMarkovchains.In…  相似文献   

13.
An asymptotic analysis is presented for a dynamic problem of a semi-infinite isotropic thermoelastic solid with a small surface breaking crack. The exterior surface of the solid is subjected to a series of short thermal pulses. The crack surface is traction free and an ideal thermal contact is assumed across the crack. The stress intensity factor is asymptotically evaluated as a function of the crack depth and time. The effect of a boundary layer associated with the diffusive term is identified. The theoretical model is supplied with numerical simulations.  相似文献   

14.
This paper is concerned with the linear dynamic theory of elastic materials with voids. First, a spatial decay estimate of an energetic measure associated with a dynamical process is established. Then, a domain of dependence inequality associated with a boundary-initial-value problem is derived and a domain of influence theorem is established. It is shown that, for a finite time, a solution corresponding to data of bounded support vanishes outside a bounded domain.  相似文献   

15.
The cleaning of a hydraulic fracture crack filled with a fluid injected through a well is studied as one of the stages of oil extraction. A crack is considered as a porous medium whose permeability is much higher than that of the surrounding rock and whose length is several times larger than its width and is many times larger than its thickness. A two-dimensional model of this process is used; in this model it is assumed that a less viscous fluid displaces a more viscous fluid in a porous medium with consideration of inflow through the lateral surface of the crack.  相似文献   

16.
17.
The concept of a minimal state was introduced in recent decades, based on earlier work by Noll. The property that a given quantity is a functional of the minimal state is of central interest in the present work. Using a standard representation of a free energy associated with a linear memory constitutive relation, a new condition, involving linear functionals, is derived which, if satisfied, ensures that the free energy is a functional of the minimal state. Using this result and recent work on constructing free energy functionals, it is shown that if the kernel of the rate of dissipation functional is given by sums of products, the associated free energy functional is a functional of the minimal state.  相似文献   

18.
Some properties of unsteady unidirectional flows of a fluid of second grade are considered for flows produced by the sudden application of a constant pressure gradient or by the impulsive motion of one or two boundaries. Exact analytical solutions for these flows are obtained and the results are compared with those of a Newtonian fluid. It is found that the stress at the initial time on the stationary boundary for flows generated by the impulsive motion of a boundary is infinite for a Newtonian fluid and is finite for a second grade fluid. Furthermore, it is shown that initially the stress on the stationary boundary, for flows started from rest by sudden application of a constant pressure gradient is zero for a Newtonian fluid and is not zero for a fluid of second grade. The required time to attain the asymptotic value of a second grade fluid is longer than that for a Newtonian fluid. It should be mentioned that the expressions for the flow properties, such as velocity, obtained by the Laplace transform method are exactly the same as the ones obtained for the Couette and Poiseuille flows and those which are constructed by the Fourier method. The solution of the governing equation for flows such as the flow over a plane wall and the Couette flow is in a series form which is slowly convergent for small values of time. To overcome the difficulty in the calculation of the value of the velocity for small values of time, a practical method is given. The other property of unsteady flows of a second grade fluid is that the no-slip boundary condition is sufficient for unsteady flows, but it is not sufficient for steady flows so that an additional condition is needed. In order to discuss the properties of unsteady unidirectional flows of a second grade fluid, some illustrative examples are given.  相似文献   

19.
A mathematical model is established to describe a contact problem between a deformable body and a foundation. The contact is bilateral and modelled with a nonlocal friction law, in which adhesion is taken into account. Evolution of the bonding field is described by a first-order differential equation. The materials behavior is modelled with a nonlinear viscoelastic constitutive law. A variational formulation of the mechanical problem is derived, and the existence and uniqueness of the weak solution can be proven if the coefficient of friction is sufficiently small. The proof is based on arguments of time-dependent variational inequalities, differential equations, and the Banach fixed-point theorem.  相似文献   

20.
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