柔性空间机器人姿态运动规划的混合优化策略

自由漂浮是空间机器人执行任务时常用的工作模式,其姿态规划是完成复杂空间任务的基础.针对自由漂浮柔性空间机器人姿态运动规划问题,提出一种由Gauss伪谱法求解可行解与直接打靶法求解更为精确的数值解相结合的混合优化策略.首先,利用假设模态法近似描述柔性臂杆的弹性变形,根据Lagrange方程建立空间机器人系统的动力学模型;然后,利用Gauss伪谱法将空间机器人非完整运动规划问题离散为非线性规划问题,求解在较少Legendre-Gauss(LG)点时状态变量和控制变量对应的可行解,可行解的求解采用从可行解到近似最优解的串行优化策略;最后,在LG点处离散控制变量,作为直接打靶法的初值,利用序列二次规划算法求解最优的控制输入,再通过数值积分得到空间机器人系统姿态运动优化轨迹.通过数值仿真,求解得到的姿态运动曲线光滑平稳,最优控制输入也能很好地满足各种约束条件.结果表明该混合优化策略具有很好的鲁棒性和有效性.     

基于Gauss伪谱法的3D刚体摆姿态最优控制

研究Gauss伪谱法求解3D刚体摆姿态最优控制问题．针对其最优姿态控制问题,既要满足由任意位置运动到平衡位置姿态运动规划问题,又要满足系统含有动力学约束的力学模型问题,提出基于四元数来描述3D刚体摆的数学模型,建立3D刚体摆姿态的动力学和运动学方程,为了解决3D刚体摆在平衡位置处的姿态最优控制问题,设计基于Gauss伪谱算法的最优姿态开环控制器,得到了3D刚体摆的姿态最优控制轨迹,得到满足的可行解,通过仿真实验验证了其开环解在平衡位置的控制姿态最优性．     

HYBRID OPTIMIZATION STRATEGY FOR MOTION PLANNING OF SPACE ROBOT SYSTEM WITH PRISMATIC JOINT

研究了自由漂浮带滑移铰空间机器人非完整运动规划的最优控制问题,提出一种由高斯伪谱法求解可行解与直接打靶法求解最优解相结合的混合优化策略.首先,根据多体系统动力学理论建立空间机器人的动力学模型,给定系统的初始和目标位形,将空间机器人运动规划问题描述成博尔察（Bolza）型最优控制问题;然后,利用高斯伪谱法将最优控制问题离散为非线性规划问题,求解在较少勒让德-高斯（Legendre-Gauss,LG）点时状态变量和控制变量对应的可行解;最后,在LG点处离散控制变量,作为直接打靶法的初值,利用序列二次规划算法求解空间机器人系统的优化运动轨迹和最优控制输入.通过数值仿真,系统优化运动轨迹光滑平稳,最优控制输入也能很好地满足各种约束条件,仿真结果验证了该混合优化策略的鲁棒性和有效性.     

带滑移铰空间机器人运动规划的混合优化策略

研究了自由漂浮带滑移铰空间机器人非完整运动规划的最优控制问题,提出一种由高斯伪谱法求解可行解与直接打靶法求解最优解相结合的混合优化策略.首先,根据多体系统动力学理论建立空间机器人的动力学模型,给定系统的初始和目标位形,将空间机器人运动规划问题描述成博尔察(Bolza)型最优控制问题;然后,利用高斯伪谱法将最优控制问题离散为非线性规划问题,求解在较少勒让德-高斯(Legendre--Gauss,LG)点时状态变量和控制变量对应的可行解;最后,在LG点处离散控制变量,作为直接打靶法的初值,利用序列二次规划算法求解空间机器人系统的优化运动轨迹和最优控制输入.通过数值仿真,系统优化运动轨迹光滑平稳,最优控制输入也能很好地满足各种约束条件,仿真结果验证了该混合优化策略的鲁棒性和有效性.     

关于自由下落猫的双刚体模型

Kane和scher以两个完全相同的轴对称刚体为力学模型研究了自水平位置自由下落的猫的转体运动。刘延柱讨论了非轴对称情况。本文证明双刚体模型在自由下落时具有保持转体轴方向不变的特性,因而这种模型只能模拟猫在平卧姿态下落时的转体运动,不能说明在其它姿态下落的情况。本文对双刚体模型作了修改,可以模拟猫在任何姿态转为四脚踏地的情况。     

勒让德伪谱法求解三维刚体摆姿态运动最优控制问题

研究伪谱法求解三维刚体摆姿态运动最优控制问题. 针对三维刚体摆这类含有约束的力学模型,提出了基于勒让德伪谱法的三维刚体摆姿态最优控制方法. 利用插值逼近设计了三维刚体摆姿态运动最优控制算法,得到了三维刚体摆的姿态最优控制轨迹,并结合松弛参数来控制插值点的取值,寻找满足的可行解. 仿真结果表明,基于勒让德伪谱法的最优控制算法使得三维刚体摆能以较小的误差运动到期望的末端姿态,且计算速度快,能够获得精度较高的控制输入量.     

自由漂浮空间机器人路径优化的Legendre伪谱法

基于Legendre 伪谱法研究自由漂浮空间机器人非完整路径规划的最优控制问题. 自由漂浮是空间机器人执行任务常用的工作模式,其路径优化是空间机器人完成复杂空间任务的基础. 由于空间机器人不具有固定基座,机械臂和载体之间存在非完整约束,使得自由漂浮空间机器人路径规划完全不同于地面机器人而变得具有挑战性. 本文提出自由漂浮空间机器人路径规划的最优控制伪谱方法. 首先,利用多体动力学理论建立自由漂浮空间机器人动力学模型,给定系统的初始和目标位形,选取机械臂关节耗散能最小为性能指标,并考虑实际控制输入受限,建立其路径规划的Bolza 问题. 然后,应用Legendre 伪谱法,将状态和控制变量在Legendre-Gauss-Lobatto (LGL) 点上离散,并构造Lagrange 插值多项式逼近系统状态和控制变量,将连续路径优化问题离散化为非线性规划问题求解. 最后通过数值仿真表明,应用Legendre 伪谱法求解自由漂浮空间机器人非完整路径规划问题,得到的机械臂和载体最优运动轨迹,较好地满足各种约束条件,且计算精度高、速度快,并具有良好的实时性.      

三维电动力绳系子卫星轨道转移的最优控制

考虑复杂状态和控制约束的作用,研究了倾斜轨道上三维电动力绳系子卫星轨道转移的最优控制问题.借助Gauss伪谱算法,将绳系子卫星轨道转移的连续时间最优控制问题离散为大规模动态规划问题,并利用非线性规划方法进行求解.通过数值仿真计算了最优控制时间、子星最优转移轨道及最优控制张力和电流,同时讨论了轨道倾角对最优控制量的影响....     

带空间机械臂航天器姿态运动规划的数值算法研究

自由漂浮空间机械臂系统在无外力矩作用时,系统的动量矩守恒而成为非完整系统。利用这一特性本文研究了自由漂浮空间机械臂系统的三维姿态运动规划问题。导出带空间机械臂的航天器三维姿态运动数学模型,将系统的非完整运动规划问题转化为非线性系统最优控制问题,在最优控制中利用小波逼近控制输入规律,提出基于遗传算法的最优控制数值算法。通过数值仿真,表明该方法对带空间机械臂航天器系统的非完整姿态运动规划是有效的。     

欠驱动航天器姿态机动时间-能量最优控制研究

针对由动量飞轮作为执行机构的欠驱动航天器,研究以飞轮角加速度作为控制输入的航天器大角度姿态机动问题。利用四元数描述欠驱动航天器的姿态运动学模型,分别以时间最优控制、时间-能量最优控制作为目标函数进行了基于Chebyshev-Gauss(CG)伪谱法的优化设计和讨论。采用Clenshaw-Curtis积分近似得到了性能指标函数中的积分项,应用重心拉格朗日插值逼近状态变量和控制变量,将连续最优控制问题进行离散,转变为一个非线性规划(NLP)的问题,NLP问题则可应用序列二次规划方法计算。两种目标函数优化的结果均使系统从初始姿态机动到终端姿态,终端角速度也都达到了预定值,对比发现时间-能量最优结果的能耗值比时间最优的能耗值小,但其机动耗时较长。     

Optimal control of attitude for coupled-rigid-body spacecraft via Chebyshev-Gauss pseudospectral method

The attitude optimal control problem(OCP) of a two-rigid-body spacecraft with two rigid bodies coupled by a ball-in-socket joint is considered. Based on conservation of angular momentum of the system without the external torque, a dynamic equation of three-dimensional attitude motion of the system is formulated. The attitude motion planning problem of the coupled-rigid-body spacecraft can be converted to a discrete nonlinear programming(NLP) problem using the Chebyshev-Gauss pseudospectral method(CGPM). Solutions of the NLP problem can be obtained using the sequential quadratic programming(SQP) algorithm. Since the collocation points of the CGPM are Chebyshev-Gauss(CG) points, the integration of cost function can be approximated by the Clenshaw-Curtis quadrature, and the corresponding quadrature weights can be calculated efficiently using the fast Fourier transform(FFT). To improve computational efficiency and numerical stability, the barycentric Lagrange interpolation is presented to substitute for the classic Lagrange interpolation in the approximation of state and control variables. Furthermore, numerical float errors of the state differential matrix and barycentric weights can be alleviated using trigonometric identity especially when the number of CG points is large. A simple yet efficient method is used to avoid sensitivity to the initial values for the SQP algorithm using a layered optimization strategy from a feasible solution to an optimal solution. Effectiveness of the proposed algorithm is perfect for attitude motion planning of a two-rigid-body spacecraft coupled by a ball-in-socket joint through numerical simulation.     

Optimal control of stretching process of flexible solar arrays on spacecraft based on a hybrid optimization strategy

The optimal control of multibody spacecraft during the stretching process of solar arrays is investigated,and a hybrid optimization strategy based on Gauss pseudospectral method(GPM) and direct shooting method(DSM) is presented. First, the elastic deformation of flexible solar arrays was described approximately by the assumed mode method, and a dynamic model was established by the second Lagrangian equation. Then, the nonholonomic motion planning problem is transformed into a nonlinear programming problem by using GPM. By giving fewer LG points, initial values of the state variables and control variables were obtained. A serial optimization framework was adopted to obtain the approximate optimal solution from a feasible solution. Finally, the control variables were discretized at LG points, and the precise optimal control inputs were obtained by DSM. The optimal trajectory of the system can be obtained through numerical integration. Through numerical simulation, the stretching process of solar arrays is stable with no detours, and the control inputs match the various constraints of actual conditions.The results indicate that the method is effective with good robustness.     

OPTIMAL MOTION PLANNING FOR A RIGID SPACECRAFT WITH TWO MOMENTUM WHEELS USING QUASI-NEWTON METHOD

An optimal motion planning scheme based on the quasi-Newton method is proposedfor a rigid spacecraft with two momentum wheels. A cost functional is introduced to incorporatethe control energy, the final state errors and the constraints on states. The motion planning fordetermining control inputs to minimize the cost functional is formulated as a nonlinear optimalcontrol problem. Using the control parametrization, one can transform the infinite dimensionaloptimal control problem to a finite dimensional one that is solved via the quasi-Newton methodsfor a feasible trajectory which satisfies the nonholonomic constraint. The optimal motion planningscheme was applied to a rigid spacecraft with two momentum wheels. The simulation results showthe effectiveness of the proposed optimal motion planning scheme.     

Optimal control of nonholonomic motion planning for a flee-falling cat

The nonholonomic motion phnning of a free-falling cat is investigated.Nonholonomicity arises in a free-falling cat subject to nonintegrable angle velocity constraints or nonintegrable conservation laws.When the total angular momentum is zero,the motion equation of a free-falling cat is established based on the model of two symmetric rigid bodies and conservation of angular momentum.The control of system can be converted to the problem of nonholonomic motion planning for a free-falling cat.Based on Ritz approximation theory,the Gauss-Newton method for motion planning by a falling cat is proposed.The effectiveness of the numerical algorithm is demonstrated through simulation on model of a free-falling cat.     

Optimal control of nonholonomic motion planning for a free-falling cat

The nonholonomic motion planning of a free-falling cat is investigated. Non-holonomicity arises in a free-falling cat subject to nonintegrable angle velocity constraints or nonintegrable conservation laws. When the total angular momentum is zero, the motion equation of a free-falling cat is established based on the model of two symmetric rigid bodies and conservation of angular momentum. The control of system can be converted to the problem of nonholonomic motion planning for a free-falling cat. Based on Ritz approximation theory, the Gauss-Newton method for motion planning by a falling cat is proposed. The effectiveness of the numerical algorithm is demonstrated through simulation on model of a free-falling cat.     

一类多体系统非完整运动最优规划的拟牛顿算法

研究带有非完整约束的一类多体系统运动规划问题。多体系统中的非完整约束通常是由不可积的速度约束或不可积的守恒律引起。在系统动量和动量矩守恒情况下,动力学方程降阶为非完整形式约束方程,系统的控制问题可转化为无漂移系统的非完整运动规划问题。文中首先导出具有多体开链系统的非完整运动模型。利用最优控制理论和最优化技术,采用输入参数化的方法将连续的最优控制问题转化为离散的最优控制问题,提出一种非完整多体系统运动规划的拟牛顿算法。最后将该方法用于自由漂浮的空间三连杆机构,仿真结果验证了该方法的有效性。     

轮式移动机器人非完整运动规划的最优控制方法

本文讨论轮式动机器人非完整运动的最优规划问题,利用约束与最优控制理论建立数学模型,考虑系统的非完整约束特性,提出轮式移动机器人运动规划的最优控制算法。通过数值仿真,表明该方法的有效性。