基于动态光弹性方法的冲击载荷作用下自由边界主应力研究

当物体在冲击载荷作用下,物体内部会产生应力波,研究应力波的传播过程及规律对研究物体受冲击载荷作用具有重大的意义.应力波在物体内传播时,在自由边界处产生的主应力状态对于理论求解和计算有着重要意义.采用动态光弹性方法,结合新型动光弹系统及相关实验设备采集物体在冲击载荷作用下的等倾线和等差线条纹图,通过分析等倾线的条纹,得出等倾线与自由边界相交所成角度不为0°或909,得出在物体自由边界处两个主应力均存在且不为零的结论.针对上述结果,采用电测方法进行验证,两试验结果相符合,方案可行且准确.     

用焦散线方法测量集中载荷的误差分析

在实验应力应变分析中，焦散线方法是研究奇异应力场的有效方法．本文以半无限平面受边界压缩载荷作用的问题为例，对集中力作用下的焦散线与分布力作用下的焦散线作了比较，分析了由分布载荷得到的焦散线而计算得到的载荷与施加到试件上的实际载荷之间的误差，并提出了减小误差的措施．     

双轴应力状态下正交异性动态光弹性应力——光性定律研究

基于静态下Ｈｙｅｒ和Ｌｉｕ表述的正交异性应力－光性定律，在前文中，提出了正交异性光弹性复合材料的动态应力－光性定律并证明了其在单轴应力状态下的正确性。本文旨在进一步考察在双轴应力状态下正交异性动态应力－光性定律的适用性，采用的方法是对纤维增强光弹性复合材料制作的平板模型施加冲击荷载，加载方向与材料纤维方向分别成０°、９０°及４５°角，同时进行正交异性动态光弹性实验和动态应变测量，另外，对该模型进行相应的各向异性介质时域边界元计算。把动态应变测量推算出的应力分量以及时域边界元计算出的应力分量分别代入正交异性动态应力－光性定律，得到随时间变化的双折射条纹级数历程，将其与正交异性动态光弹性实验的结果进行比较。实验及计算结果表明，在三个加载方向下，由这三种方法得到的双折射条纹级数历程均吻合良好，从而证明了前文提出的正交异性动态应力－光性定律在双轴应力状态下的正确性。     

光弹性和边界元的一种混合法

本文通过光弹性实验中的等色线直接获得边界上主应力和值,並用三次样条函数对主应力和值的列表函数进行平滑,从而由边界元法计算二维物体内部的主应力和值,再与光弹性法中得到的主应力差值结合,便可分离二主应力。同时,应用本方法对圆环对径受压问题进行计算,其结果与解析解比较令人满意。     

集中载荷作用下正交复合材料板奇异应力场的焦散线模拟实验

本文利用焦散线理论和复合材料力学的弹性理论封闭解，对集中载荷作用下半无限正交复合材料板的奇异应力场进行了光力学可视化分析，系统地推导了奇异区域应力集中问题的焦散线及初始曲线参数方程，建立了应用集中载荷与焦散斑特征尺寸的相互依赖关系，并对不同类型正交复合材料在集中载荷作用下应力奇异区的焦散线与初始曲线进行了模拟，分析了集中载荷作用区域的应力奇异特征，并与实验结果进行了比较。     

动态断裂力学的无限相似边界元法

对弹性动力学的相似边界元法进行了进一步研究,推导了相应的计算公式,并在此基础上提出了动态断裂力学的无限相似边界元法.与传统的边界元法相比,相似边界元法由于只需在少数单元上进行数值积分,大大减少了计算量.对动态断裂力学问题,无限相似边界元法由于在裂纹尖端的边界上设置了逼近于裂纹尖端的无限个相似边界单元,可直接得到裂纹尖端具有奇异性的应力,而不需要设置奇异单元,从而突破了奇异单元对应力奇异性阶次的局限.另外,还讨论了无限相似边界元法得到的无限阶的线性代数方程组的求解方法.     

爆炸载荷下板条边界斜裂纹的动态扩展行为

为了研究爆炸应力波作用下板条边界斜裂纹的动态扩展行为,首先分析了爆炸应力波在含边界斜裂纹板条中的传播,其次采用动态焦散线实验方法,进行了爆炸载荷下板条边界斜裂纹扩展规律的实验研究.研究结果表明,爆炸应力波作用下,板条试件边界斜裂纹的扩展过程中,裂纹扩展速度、扩展加速度和裂尖动态应力强度因子随时间波动变化,扩展速度最大值...     

正交异性光弹性应力分离的边界元法

本文对平面正交各向异性复合材料模型引入正应力线性和及边界上正应力线性和流的概念,提出从应力相容方程出发.用边界元法计算正交异性光弹性模型内任一点的正应力线性和位的方法,再与正交异性光弹性法中所给出的应力同的关系结合,即可进行正交异性光弹性应力的分离.最后,对边界元方法的精度进行了讨论.     

焦散线—光弹性方法原理及应用

本文介绍焦散线-光弹性方法,在一次曝光时,能记录焦散线和光弹性二种信息,具有光路简单,信息丰富等优点,利用实验结果不仅能确定断裂力学中的应力强度因子 K_I,而且进一步能分离裂尖附近的主应力分量,同时讨论了与该方法有关的一些问题。     

新的动态光弹性主应力分离混合法研究

动态光弹性法是研究动态问题的一种重要方法,但要实现动态光弹性主应力的分离以及等倾线的获取和分离还存在较大的困难.针对动态光弹性法的主应力分离问题以及相关的试验技术展开研究,以相容方程作为动态光弹性试验的补充条件,将动态光弹性法与数值计算方法结合起来,提出一种用于动态光弹试验主应力分离的新方法:动态光弹性-数值计算混合法,研究并实现了动态光弹性试验中的等倾线的获取和分离.并选用了典型的圆盘试件进行动态光弹性试验及应力分析,对该混合法的可靠性和准确性进行了论证.     

Separation of principal stresses in dynamic photoelasticity

A new and effective method used to separate the transient principal stresses for dynamic photoelasticity is proposed. This is a hybrid method combining the optical method of dynamic caustics and the boundary element numerical method. Firstly, a modified Cranz-Schardin spark camera is used to record simultaneously the isochromatic fringe patterns of photoelasticity and the shadow spot patterns in the dynamic process. By means of the isochromatic fringe patterns, the difference between transient principal stresses in the whole domain and the principal stresses along the free boundary can be solved. In addition, the method of caustics is a very powerful technique for measuring the concentrative load. Then, the sum of the principal stresses is calculated by the boundary integral equation obtained from the Laplace integral transform of the wave equation. So, the transient principal stresses can be determined from the experimental and numerical results. As an example, the transient principal stresses in a polycarbonate disk under an impact load are resolved. Concurrently published in the Chinese Edition of Acta Mechanica Sinica, Vol. 26, No. 1, 1994     

Data analysis in dynamic photoelasticity

A method to separate the principal stresses and to obtain displacements from dynamic photoelastic fringe patterns is presented. The method utilizes geometric characteristics of either the model or the stress wave to provide the additional equation necessary for separation. The method is illustrated in ten specific cases.     

混合光载波法分离动静态主应力

本文将等差载波位相调制原理与夹层全息术结合形成的混合光载波法,可同时获得等差载波条纹图与混合载波条纹图.对混合载波纹图进行光学付里叶变换,利用空间滤波技术可将等和载波条纹从中分离出来.利用图象处理技术实现了对两种载波条纹图从预处理到应力计算的自动化处理.将混合光载波法应用于动态全息光弹性,分离了动态主应力. 文中还提出了一个经济实用的大尺寸载波片制作技术.     

全息动光弹性旋光法研究

本文提出了一个在全息动光弹性瞬态平面应力问题中同时获得分离的等差线及等和线条纹并分解平面瞬态应力的方法。文中给出了框架在冲击荷载作用下不同时刻等差线及等和线的分离条纹图和某个截面不同时刻的动态应力分布。     

A study of the dynamic nolophotoelasticity light rotation method

A method which allows simultaneously separating the isochromatia and isopachic fringes for transient plane-stress problems is presented. A set of double pulsed ruby laser and a terbium glass Faraday rotator are used. The double-order timing methods applied in the synchronous system of the impact load and trigger cine jit. Separated fringe patterns of a structure component are recorded a nine different instants after impact loading, and the dynamic material-fringe values of isochromatics and isopachics are obtained by experiment. Finally, dynamic stresses distributed along a section at different instants are resolved.     

Separation of principal stresses by SOR technique over arbitrary boundaries

A computerized method is presented that generates a grid mesh within the digitized boundary of a photoelastic specimen as it appears in the single viewing through an overhead polariscope. The second-order partial differential equation for the first linear invariant of stress which satisfies the Laplace equation is solved from the boundary values for the digitized domain by the finite-difference method. Connectivity and the weighting functions that are required for the iterative solution of the systems of linear equations are generated from the digitized information along the boundary. Isochromatic values at each nodal point within the boundary are estimated from the digitized fringe patterns by a scanning technique, and the individual values of principal stresses are determined. To enhance convergence, the method of successive over relaxation is applied with an optimum accelerating factor determined in the course of the solution process. The accuracy and the speed of the solution are tested with three different examples. Paper was presented at the 1989 SEM Spring Conference on Experimental Mechanics held in Cambridge, MA on May 28–June 1.     

Experimental study on crack curving propagation in bending beams under impulsive load

Dynamic fracture behaviour of crack curving in bent beams has been investigated. In order to understand the propagation mechanism of such cracks under impact, an experimental method is used that combines dynamic photoelasticity with dynamic caustics to study the interaction of the flexural waves and the crack. From the state change of the transient stresses in polymer specimen, the curving fracture in the impulsively loaded beams is analyzed. The dynamic responses of crack tips are evaluated by the stress intensity factors for the cracks running in varying curvature paths under bending stress wave. The project supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China and the Scientific Commission of Yunnan Province of China     

爆破等差与等和条纹图分析方法探讨

在一次加载同时得到爆破模型的动态等差线与等和线条纹的基础上，采用部分改变物光光程的方法求得等和条纹的级次，它对今后的爆破条纹判读具有重要意义；并以此为据证实了目前采用的爆破等差条纹判读方法的正确性；发现在两种条纹图上存在着特殊的条纹对应区域，它有益于更方便地进行几种条纹图的判读。     

A new holographic interferometer for stress analysis

In holographic interferometry with a photoelastic model, two families of fringes are generated simultaneously when the model is stressed. One family represents the isochromatic-fringe pattern normally associated with photoelasticity which yields the difference between the principal stresses. The other family represents the isopachic-fringe pattern associated with interferometry which yields the sum of the principal stresses. From these complementary patterns, the magnitudes of the principal stresses can readily be determined throughout the field of observation. Unfortunately, these fringe patterns are not completely independent but interact in such a way as to make interpretation difficult in critical regions of the model. A new system has been developed which readily permits simultaneous acquisition of these fringe patterns without their undesirable mutual interaction, as well as providing increased sensitivity. This new interferometer uses a double-pass object beam and an optical rotator to eliminate the isochromatic-fringe pattern and its effect from the isopachic interferogram. Such a system has considerable value in experimental mechanics for applications to both static and dynamic model studies and to materials investigation.     

STUDY ON DYNAMIC STRESS INTENSITY FACTORS OF DISK WITH A RADIAL EDGE CRACK SUBJECTED TO EXTERNAL IMPULSIVE PRESSURE

A dynamic weight function method is presented for dynamic stress intensity factors of circular disk with a radial edge crack under external impulsive pressure. The dynamic stresses in a circular disk are solved under abrupt step external pressure using the eigenfunction method. The solution consists of a quasi-static solution satisfying inhomogeneous boundary conditions and a dynamic solution satisfying homogeneous boundary conditions. By making use of Fourier-Bessel series expansion, the history and distribution of dynamic stresses in the circular disk are derived. Furthermore, the equation for stress intensity factors under uniform pressure is used as the reference case, the weight function equation for the circular disk containing an edge crack is worked out, and the dynamic stress intensity factor equation for the circular disk containing a radial edge crack can be given. The results indicate that the stress intensity factors under sudden step external pressure vary periodically with time, and the ratio of the maximum value of dynamic stress intensity factors to the corresponding static value is about 2.0.