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1.
基于有限变形晶体塑性本构关系及轴对称体胞模型,采用有限元的方法,分析了在不同取向偏角及不同滑移系开动,单晶高温合金中铸造微孔洞扩长的力学行为。分析结果表明:取向偏角对铸造微孔洞的扩长具有重要的意义,但对铸造微孔洞的形状改变影响不大,为改善单晶高温合金热端部件的疲劳、蠕变性能,控制晶体的取向偏角是很必要的;滑移系族开动的类型对铸造微孔洞的扩长有很大的影响,这种影响与Schmid因子、加载的取向相关,为更加准确地分析单晶高温热端部件的寿命,确定滑移系族开动类型至关重要。  相似文献   

2.
InSb薄膜广泛应用于高精度的光电存储、红外探测等技术中.为了提高InSb材料的剪切强度,优化其力学性能,论文对InSb薄膜分别从不同厚度、温度、滑移系取向、孔洞密度等几个方面,对InSb薄膜的剪力响应及其原子构型演变进行分析,以研究其剪切强度和韧性的影响因素.发现厚度较大的薄膜具有更大的弹性模量和极限强度.而温度升高会导致材料的强度极限以及剪切韧性降低.同时还观察到10%孔洞密度下孔洞形状对材料的剪切性能有明显影响而20%孔洞密度下形状不再明显影响材料的剪切性能.此外在不同滑移系取向的研究中发现,滑移系取向对于材料的剪切强度和剪切韧性的影响是不同步的,例如(110)[1-10]滑移系下剪切强度降低而剪切韧性增强.上述结论对于提升InSb材料的剪切性能,合成出具有优异力学性能的InSb光电、磁敏材料具有指导意义.  相似文献   

3.
采用建立在晶体塑性理论基础上的晶体塑性有限变形计算方法,针对铜单晶试样单轴拉伸过程中晶体滑移在试样表面留下的滑移带痕迹进行了数值研究.作者利用三维有限元模拟不同取向铜单晶试样的拉伸变形,通过晶体塑性滑移面与试样表面交线的几何分析,得到了试样在不同晶向拉伸下不同滑移系启动造成的试样表面滑移痕迹,并对数值计算的试样表面滑移...  相似文献   

4.
单晶镍基合金具有优异的耐高温、高强、高韧等性能, 这些力学性能受制造过程引入的次级取向和冷却孔的影响. 已有研究大多关注单孔薄板的变形机理和力学性能, 而工程中应用的往往是多孔薄板, 当前亟需阐明多孔的塑性滑移带变形机理、次级取向效应以及冷却孔引起的应变梯度效应. 文章采用基于位错机制的非局部晶体塑性本构模型对含冷却孔镍基单晶薄板的单拉变形进行了数值模拟. 此模型基于塑性滑移梯度与几何必需位错的关系引入了位错流动项, 因此可有效刻画非均匀变形过程中的应变梯度效应. 为了全面揭示含孔镍基薄板的次级取向效应, 系统研究了[100]和[110]取向(两种次级取向)下镍基薄板的单拉变形行为, 并重点探究了在两种次级取向下冷却孔数量对薄板塑性行为的影响. 此外, 还分析了镍基合金板变形过程中各个滑移系上分切应力变化、主导滑移系开动以及几何必需位错密度的演化过程, 并讨论了塑性滑移量及其分布特征对不同次级取向镍基合金板强度的影响. 研究表明, 单孔和多孔的[110]薄板抗拉强度均低于[100]薄板, 多孔薄板的塑性变形过程比单孔薄板更为复杂且受次级取向影响更大, 并且发生滑移梯度位置主要位于冷却孔附近以及塑性滑移带区域. 研究结果可为工程中镍基合金的设计和服役提供理论指导.   相似文献   

5.
采用率相关晶体塑性模型,建立三维胞元计算模型,研究了晶粒取向和晶界对孔洞生长和聚合的影响.比较了不同晶粒取向的单晶和双晶体中孔洞的生长趋势,发现晶粒取向对孔洞生长方向,孔洞形状等有着显著的影响.  相似文献   

6.
对三种不同晶体取向的DD3单晶合金试样在680℃温度下进行非对称循低周疲劳试验,表明晶体取向对疲劳寿命有显著影响.用取向函数修正总应变范围可在很大程度上消除晶体取向对疲劳寿命的影响,引入参量k表示非对称循环载荷对疲劳寿命的影响,它与循环寿命之间呈幂函数关系.根据影响单晶合金低周疲劳寿命的主要因素,提出由总应变范围、取向函数和参量k构成循环塑性应变能的计算方法。用塑性应变能作为损伤参量导出单晶合金低周疲劳寿命预测模型,利用DD3单晶合金低周疲劳试验数据进行验证,光滑试样和缺口试样试验数据分别落在2.6倍和2倍的偏差分布带内.  相似文献   

7.
因其优异的高温力学性能,镍基单晶高温合金在航空航天和能源等领域得到了广泛的应用.镍基单晶高温合金优异的高温性能来源于其特有的两相微结构.基于代表体胞模型及分块均匀化方法,以位错密度为主要内变量,发展了一个包含两相微结构和位错演化信息的单晶镍基高温合金塑性行为的本构模型.该本构模型充分考虑了镍基单晶合金中位错在基体相和沉淀增强相中的多种演化机制,例如,基体位错八面体滑移、立方滑移、位错攀移、交滑移、位错弓出、位错切过沉淀增强相以及位错Kear-Wilsdolf(K-W)锁形成与解锁等.在商用有限元软件ABAQUS的框架下,编制了UMAT用户材料子程序.利用该用户子程序,对单晶和多晶镍基高温合金在不同温度、不同加载方向下的单调塑性、循环塑性、蠕变等典型行为进行了计算模拟.结果表明:该晶体塑性本构模型能"统一地"刻画镍基高温合金在不同温度、不同方向下的多种变形行为,并与实验结果具有良好的一致性.  相似文献   

8.
高熵合金是一种由多种主元元素组成的新型合金.实验研究表明等原子比CrMnFeCoNi高熵合金在低温下具有比室温更高的拉伸强度和断裂韧性.论文针对这一现象,利用分子动力学模拟对平均晶粒尺寸为6.18 nm的CrMnFeCoNi纳米晶在300、200和77 K下分别进行拉伸模拟.模拟研究揭示了纳米尺度CrMnFeCoNi高熵合金力学行为的温度效应和强韧机理.微结构演化分析表明:随着温度的降低,塑性变形阶段滑移系开动的越少,位错滑移所受的阻力越大,屈服强度和抗拉强度越大;温度越低,模型破坏时,孔洞缺陷形核较慢,更多孔洞缺陷演化成断口,更多的孔洞和断口分摊拉伸应变,使得高熵合金纳米晶的低温韧性更好.  相似文献   

9.
微孔洞演化包括孔洞成核、生长和聚合三个阶段,是影响金属材料韧性断裂的重要因素.为了分析P91马氏体耐热钢中的塑性滑移对微观孔洞扩展的影响,论文提出了一种基于晶体塑性有限元的微观力学计算模型,量化了应力三轴度、洛德参数和晶体取向对微孔洞演化行为的影响.结果表明,在相对较高应力三轴度条件下,随着应力三轴度的增大,含孔洞马氏体块的等效应力-应变响应呈现出快速软化的特征,同时孔洞体积分数随着等效应变的增加而快速增加.对于给定的应力三轴度,胞元的聚合应变在[111]取向时最小,在[110]取向时最大.孔洞聚合开始时,低应力三轴度下孔洞形状趋向于椭球状,而较高应力三轴度时孔洞横向略鼓.在一定的应力三轴度和洛德参数范围内,在孔洞聚合和孔洞坍塌两种胞元失效状态之间存在着一个条带状过渡状态,在[100]晶体取向时,当洛德参数L=-1时条带最宽.论文揭示了P91马氏体耐热钢中微孔洞演化的基本机制,分析了晶体取向、应力三轴度和洛德参数对微孔洞演化的影响.这些发现为P91马氏体耐热钢的韧性损伤模型的进一步发展提供了微观理论基础.  相似文献   

10.
摘要:高熵合金是一种由多种主元元素组成的新型合金。实验研究表明等原子比CrMnFeCoNi高熵合金在低温下具有比室温更高的拉伸强度和断裂韧性。本文针对这一现象,利用分子动力学模拟对平均晶粒尺寸为6 nm的CrMnFeCoNi纳米晶在300、200和77 K下分别进行拉伸模拟。模拟研究揭示了纳米尺度CrMnFeCoNi高熵合金力学行为的温度效应和强韧机理。微结构演化分析表明:低温下,塑性变形阶段,滑移系开动的较少,位错滑移所受的阻力越大,屈服强度和抗拉强度越大;模型破坏时,孔洞缺陷形核较慢,更多孔洞缺陷演化成断口,更多的断口分摊拉伸应变,使得高熵合金纳米晶的低温韧性更好。  相似文献   

11.
IntroductionMuchworkhasbeencarriedouttoinvestigatetheinfluenceoforientationandstrainrateonthemechanicalpropertyofnickel_basesinglecrystalsuperalloys .Inparticular,theanomalousyieldingbehavior,tension/compressionasymmetryandorientationdependencehavebeen…  相似文献   

12.
Numerical and experimental evolutions of slip fields in notched Ni-Base Single Crystal superalloy tensile specimens are presented as a function of secondary crystallographic orientation. The numerical predictions based on three-dimensional anisotropic elasticity and crystal plasticity are compared with experimental observations. The results illustrate the strong dependence of the slip patterns and the plastic zone size and shape on the secondary orientation of notches, which can have important consequences on crack initiation. Specific orientations or non-symmetric notch geometries lead to non-symmetric patterns on both sides of the sample. The computations show that strongly different plastic zones are expected in the core of the sample and at free surfaces. The ability of the anisotropic elastic model to anticipate the plastic domains, based on identifying dominant slip systems, is confirmed by the crystal plasticity computations, at low load levels. An important observation is that kink shear banding is a real deformation mode operating at crack tips and notches in high strength nickel-based single crystal superalloys for specific orientations.  相似文献   

13.
Slip deformation in the vicinity of a micro void in metal crystals is analyzed by a crystal plasticity technique, and the geometrically necessary dislocations, which accompany the gradient of plastic shear strain on slip systems, are evaluated. Aggregates of dislocation segments on pairs of slip systems that have the same slip directions but different slip planes exhibit a rhombus-shaped structure, and the structure is shown to be equivalent to prismatic dislocation loops of the interstitial type. Material transport and growth of voids are discussed in terms of GN dislocations.  相似文献   

14.
15.
徐永波  白以龙 《力学进展》2007,37(4):496-516
总结和评述了近年来金属与合金变形局部化的形成、微结构演化与剪切断裂方面作者和 相关的研究工作成果. 材料包括低碳钢, SS304不锈钢, Fe-15%Ni-15%Cr单晶, Al-Li合金,α-Ti和Ti-6Al-4V, Al/SiCp复合材料等.综述内容主要包括:采用改进的Hopkinson扭杆装置, 对剪切变形局部化形成、发展和演化过程进行了实验观察与数值模拟;采用"侧剖"与"对接"等定点方法制备 电子显微镜薄膜试样,对剪切带内相变与再结晶、非晶转变、旋涡结构等动态变形现象, 以及与宏观动态力学行为对应的位错胞的形成、发展和坍塌等微结构特征进行了观 测;提出了应变和应变率同时作为剪切带形成的两个必要条件的直接实验证据;在剪切带内发现了α'$-马氏体相变现象,以及相变产物与母体之间的晶体学关系;通过位错单滑移或交滑移等微观剪切最后发展成为 宏观剪切的机制;对剪切带内再结晶结构的观测和对再结晶动力学本构关系的定量 描述;对剪切带特别是``白色'腐蚀带(或相变带)的形成机制的分析和新的解释,指出 ``白色'是带内亚结构取向趋于一致, 其在光学或扫描显微镜下很难辨认这些亚结构的取向差所致,并非表明剪切带内一定 发生了相变;通过截断实验和实时跟踪观测发现,剪切带内微裂纹的萌生与聚合是材料承载能力骤然下降并导致最后断裂的主控因素. 此外,本文对近年来在准静态和循环加载下材料的局部化形变与剪切断裂的实验结果予以简要评 述,指出其微观机制与动态载荷下的截然不同, 是由位错的平面滑移所控制的,与热效应无关的等温变形.  相似文献   

16.
The effects of void band orientation and crystallographic anisotropy on void growth and linkage have been investigated. 2D model materials were fabricated by laser drilling a band of holes into the gage section of sheet tensile samples using various orientation angles with respect to the tensile axis normal. Both copper and magnesium sheets have been studied in order to examine the role of crystallographic anisotropy on the void growth and linkage processes. The samples were pulled in uniaxial tension inside the chamber of an SEM, enabling a quantitative assessment of the growth and linkage processes. The void band orientation angle has a significant impact on the growth and linkage of the holes in copper. As the void band orientation angle is increased from 0° to 45°, the processes of coalescence and linkage are delayed to higher strain values. Furthermore, the mechanism of linkage changes from internal necking to one dominated by shear localization. In contrast, the void band orientation does not have a significant impact on the void growth and linkage processes in magnesium. Void growth in these materials occurs non-uniformly due to interactions between the holes and the microstructure. The heterogeneous nature of deformation in magnesium makes it difficult to apply a coalescence criterion based on the void dimensions. Furthermore, the strain at failure does not show a relationship with the void band orientation angle. Failure associated with twin and grain boundaries interrupts the plastic growth of the holes and causes rapid fracture. Therefore, the impact of the local microstructure outweighs the effects of the void band orientation angle in this material.  相似文献   

17.
In this study we develop a gradient theory of small-deformation single-crystal plasticity that accounts for geometrically necessary dislocations (GNDs). The resulting framework is used to discuss grain boundaries. The grains are allowed to slip along the interface, but growth phenomenona and phase transitions are neglected. The bulk theory is based on the introduction of a microforce balance for each slip system and includes a defect energy depending on a suitable measure of GNDs. The microforce balances are shown to be equivalent to nonlocal yield conditions for the individual slip systems, yield conditions that feature backstresses resulting from energy stored in dislocations. When applied to a grain boundary the theory leads to concomitant yield conditions: relative slip of the grains is activated when the shear stress reaches a suitable threshold; plastic slip in bulk at the grain boundary is activated only when the local density of GNDs reaches an assigned threshold. Consequently, in the initial stages of plastic deformation the grain boundary acts as a barrier to plastic slip, while in later stages the interface acts as a source or sink for dislocations. We obtain an exact solution for a simple problem in plane strain involving a semi-infinite compressed specimen that abuts a rigid material. We view this problem as an approximation to a situation involving a grain boundary between a grain with slip systems aligned for easy flow and a grain whose slip system alignment severely inhibits flow. The solution exhibits large slip gradients within a thin layer at the grain boundary.  相似文献   

18.
Results from experiments conducted on copper FCC single crystals are reported. Two symmetric crystallographic orientations and four nonsymmetric crystallographic orientations were tested. The slip line fields that form near a pre-existing notch in these specimens were observed. The changes in these patterns as the orientation of the notch in the crystal is rotated in an {101} plane are discussed. Sectors of similar slip line patterns are identified and the type of boundaries between these sectors are discussed. A type of sector boundary called mixed kink is identified. Specimen orientations that differ by 90° are found to have different slip line patterns, contrary to the predictions of perfectly plastic slip line theory. The locations of the first slip lines to form are compared to the predictions obtained using anisotropic linear elastic stress field solutions and the initial plane-strain yield surfaces. It is found that comparison of these surface slip line fields to plane strain crack tip solutions in the annular region between 350 and is justified. The differences in anisotropic elastic solutions for orientations that are 90° apart explain the lack of agreement with perfectly plastic slip line theory.  相似文献   

19.
A shear band bifurcation analysis for a multiply slipping ductile single crystal is presented. The crystal is rate independent, and crystallographic slip is governed by Schmid's law. Attention is focused on double slip in a tensile deformation, so that comparison with previous studies is feasible. The results, which consider the rigid-plastic and elastic-plastic cases separately, show several qualitative features in agreement with experiment and with earlier analytical work based on a plane strain model. The shear band orientations exhibit the expected tendency, but the critical strain hardening values obtained here, while positive, are quite low. The present results also indicate the ready availability of non-uniform slip patterns, or ‘patchy slip’, a phenomenology consistent both with experimental observations and recent numerical studies.  相似文献   

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