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1.
对剪切弹性模量沿深度以指数函数变化的非均质半空间,本文用摄动法得到了Rayleigh面波的波函数解答及相速度方程。以不同金属与陶瓷复合而成的几种梯度材料为例,用数值方法求解了相速度方程,给出了相应的波的弥散曲线,结果表明,梯度介质半空间自由表面附近的Rayleigh波通常有两种不同的弥散形式,即正常弥散和非正常弥散。  相似文献   

2.
将鳗鲡模式游动的七鳃鳗简化成材料性质均匀的变截面黏 弹性梁,通过数值方法求解鱼体在主动弯矩波(作为激励的驱动波)的驱动下匀速游动时身体变形曲率波的传播特性. 结果表明,当主动弯矩 的驱动频率高于鱼体结构基频时,可以观察到曲率波相对于驱动波存在相位滞后,且越靠近尾部滞后现象越明显,这意味着曲率波的波速 小于驱动波的波速,也间接地验证了前人的实验结果. 通过参数研究发现,鱼体变形曲率波与驱动波的波速比与表征流体黏性作用的雷诺数无关,而与表征驱动波和鱼体材料属性的 无量纲激励频率、激励波长及鱼体黏性系数有关. 对于鳗鲡模式游动的鱼类,曲率波与驱动波的波速比随着无量纲激励频率和波长的增大而降低,随着鱼体黏性系数的增大而增大. 进一步研究发现,通过小扰动分析得到的组合相似性参数$varPi$可以统一描述波速比与激励参数、材料参数之间的关系.   相似文献   

3.
将鳗鲡模式游动的七鳃鳗简化成材料性质均匀的变截面黏 弹性梁,通过数值方法求解鱼体在主动弯矩波(作为激励的驱动波)的驱动下匀速游动时身体变形曲率波的传播特性. 结果表明,当主动弯矩 的驱动频率高于鱼体结构基频时,可以观察到曲率波相对于驱动波存在相位滞后,且越靠近尾部滞后现象越明显,这意味着曲率波的波速 小于驱动波的波速,也间接地验证了前人的实验结果. 通过参数研究发现,鱼体变形曲率波与驱动波的波速比与表征流体黏性作用的雷诺数无关,而与表征驱动波和鱼体材料属性的 无量纲激励频率、激励波长及鱼体黏性系数有关. 对于鳗鲡模式游动的鱼类,曲率波与驱动波的波速比随着无量纲激励频率和波长的增大而降低,随着鱼体黏性系数的增大而增大. 进一步研究发现,通过小扰动分析得到的组合相似性参数$varPi$可以统一描述波速比与激励参数、材料参数之间的关系.  相似文献   

4.
垂直断层破碎带对Rayleigh波传播与场地地震动反应的影响   总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1  
采用基于时域粘弹性人工边界的Rayleigh波输入方法,对具有不同宽度、不同剪切波速的垂直断层破碎带的场地进行了Rayleigh波作用下的动力时程反应分析,研究了垂直断层的宽度与剪切波速变化对Rayleigh波传播及场地地震动反应的影响。计算结果表明:在Rayleigh波入射一侧的中远场地表面,断层宽度与剪切波速的变化对地面峰值位移反应影响很小;在Rayleigh波入射一侧的断层角点以及距角点较近处,随着断层宽度的增大或剪切波速的减小,峰值位移反应均增大;在另一侧中远场地面的峰值位移反应随着断层宽度的增大或剪切波速的减小而减小,且水平位移峰值减小的程度略大于竖向位移峰值。由此可以看到,软弱的断层破碎带对通过的Rayleigh波有削弱作用,且破碎带越宽或剪切波速越小削弱作用越明显。  相似文献   

5.
含松软覆盖层峡谷地形对地震动具有放大效应已被多次地震观测所证实.本文对Rayleigh波入射下V形覆盖层峡谷的地震反应进行宽频模拟,讨论了V形峡谷深度、覆盖层软硬程度、倾角以及波的频率等因素对地表位移幅值的影响.数值结果表明:在中低频段(量纲为一的频率η<5.0),含覆盖层峡谷地形对地震波的放大效应显著.在高频波段(η>10.0),覆盖层放大效应减弱甚至出现缩幅效应;随覆盖层深度增加,位移放大频段的带宽逐渐减小,第一峰值频率降低,且在低频段频谱曲线振荡剧烈;覆盖层越软,位移越大,峡谷表面位移空间变化越剧烈;峡谷右边界与水平面夹角不同,导致地表位移幅值的空间分布相差较大,在中低频时峡谷右侧的图线差异比较明显,在高频时变化差异不大.由此可见覆盖层软硬程度和形状对地震波聚焦特征也具有重要影响.  相似文献   

6.
对于ARALL层板受硬物撞击所激发的应力波的传播问题,以粘弹性表征阻尼,采用一阶剪切理论在柱坐标系统中建立动力学方程组,寻求柱面波的解答,求得沿不同方向传播的应力波的相速度谱及衰减谱。采用动态实时实验技术,进行了大尺寸ARALL层板撞击应力波的实验研究。对比结果表明,不同方向弥散特性的理论预测与实测符合良好,衰减谱的测定离散性较大,其预测方法有待于进一步验证。  相似文献   

7.
初应力对压电层状结构声表面波传播性能的影响   总被引:4,自引:0,他引:4       下载免费PDF全文
刘华  王铁军  王子昆 《力学学报》2000,32(4):491-496
研究了压电层状结构中初应力对广义Rayleigh波传播相速度和机电耦合性能的影响,通过求解含初应力的运动微分方程,对自由界面电学开路和短路两种情况得到了相应的相速度方程。给出了具体的数值算例,所得结果对于提高和改善声表面波器件性能有参考意义。  相似文献   

8.
广义Rayleigh波的频谱特性分析   总被引:5,自引:1,他引:5  
本文导出了在加层半空间中广义Rayleigh波的谱函数方程,研究了不同的材料组合对其频率特性的影响,并给出了广义Rayleigh波的相速度随频率变化的计算曲线。  相似文献   

9.
裂尖曲率对裂纹前缘塑性区的影响   总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1  
考虑尖端为圆弧形的钝头裂纹模型,在外围取线弹性无裂纹体的解,应用线场分析方法。形成一套估计钝头裂纹前缘塑性区尺寸的方法。对含径向裂纹和圆弧形裂尖的圆盘受均匀张力作用情况,给出了塑性区的裂纹前缘尺寸与裂纹尖端曲率的关系。得到的结论是,塑性区的裂纹前缘尺寸与裂纹尖端曲率有关;对于给定的塑性区的裂纹前缘尺寸,载荷反比于外缘尺寸的平方。前一结论说明了塑性区的裂前尺寸作为裂纹失稳扩展判断的局限性;后一结论说明了裂纹体强度失效的尺寸效应规律:抗断强度与总体线尺寸的平方成反比。  相似文献   

10.
胡义锋  曹小杉  张青  曲桢 《应用力学学报》2020,(3):1144-1150+1396
研究含梯度残余应力的弹性半无限体的平面应变型表面波,即广义Rayleigh波。将该结构等效为含梯度初应力的弹性覆盖层和无初应力的弹性基底构成的半无限体结构。求得覆盖层中位移函数的幂级数解与均质基底位移函数的解析解,并代入边界条件,得到频散方程。针对拉、压残余应力,分别讨论了其随厚度方向均匀分布、线性变化和指数变化情况下广义Rayleigh波的一阶模态频散特性。数值结果表明:随着拉应力增大,广义Rayleigh波波速会增加,反之,压应力的增大会导致波速的降低;残余应力均匀分布时波速的改变量较大,线性变化次之;当残余应力按照指数函数变化时,梯度参数越趋近于零,其结果越趋近于线性变化情况,随着梯度参数的减小,波速改变量也随之减小。当使用广义Rayleigh波频散特性实现残余应力无损检测时,如果采用与实际梯度渐变残余应力不符的均匀残余应力模型将会低估表面残余应力。本文所得结论可为利用广义Rayleigh波实现梯度残余应力无损检测提供理论基础。  相似文献   

11.
常军  许金泉 《力学学报》2005,37(2):249-256
基于弹性动力学的线性理论,建立了涂层材料中广义瑞利波传播的理论分析模型,并且由波动方程和边界条件推导了波的频散方程.分析了慢层和快层对相速度频散的影响,给出了不同层厚-波长比和不同涂层-基体密度比情况下广义瑞利波相速度的理论解.算例分析分别比较了慢层和快层结构中波的相速度、群速度,以及随深度衰减的位移与应力振幅.另外,相速度曲线和位移振幅曲线与文献中给出的结果吻合,验证了理论模型和分析过程的正确性.  相似文献   

12.
An investigation is conducted of propagation of surface waves in a porous medium consisting of a microscopically incompressible solid skeleton in which a microscopically incompressible liquid flows within the interconnected pores, and particularly the case where the solid skeleton deforms linear elastically. The frequency equations of Rayleigh- and Love-type waves are derived relating the dependence of wave numbers, being complex quantities, on frequency, as a result those waves are dispersive as well as inhomogeneous. Nevertheless, the amplitudes of both surface waves attenuate along the surface of the porous medium, whereas they decay exponentially receding from the surface of the medium.  相似文献   

13.
In this note a factorization technique based on the theory of the Riemann problem is used to derive a compact algebraic formula for the velocity of Rayleigh waves. Unlike previous results based on rationalization and Cardan’s solution of a cubic, the present formulation leads to a formula for the velocity which is a continuous function of the Poission’s ratio and yet is simple enough to be of practical interest. The new formula also enables us to express the complex roots associated with the Rayleigh wave equation as simple functions of the Rayleigh wave velocity.  相似文献   

14.
    
The propagation and properties of Rayleigh waves on curved surfaces are investigated theoretically. The Rayleigh wave dispersion equation for propagation on a curved surface is derived as a parabolic equation, and its penetration depth is analyzed using the curved surface boundary. Reciprocity is introduced to model the diffracted Rayleigh wave beams. Simulations of Rayleigh waves on some canonical curved surfaces are carried out, and the results are used to quantify the influence of curvature. It is found that the velocity of the surface wave increases with greater concave surface curvature, and a Rayleigh wave no longer exists once the surface wave velocity exceeds the bulk shear wave velocity. Moreover, the predicted wave penetration depth indicates that the energy in the Rayleigh wave is transferred to other modes and cannot propagate on convex surfaces with large curvature. A strong directional dependence is observed for the propagation of Rayleigh waves in different directions on surfaces with complex curvatures. Thus, it is important to include dispersion effects when considering Rayleigh wave propagation on curved surfaces.  相似文献   

15.
小尺度波(扰动波)迭加在大尺度波(未受扰动波)上形成的波动一般称之为\"骑行波\".研究了有限可变深度的理想不可压缩流体中的骑行波的显式Hamilton表示,考虑了自由面上流体与空气之间的表面张力.采用自由面高度和自由面上速度势构成的Hamilton正则变量表示骑行波的动能密度,并在未受扰动波的自由面上作一阶展开.运用复变函数论方法处理了二维流动.先用保角变换将物理平面上的流动区域变换到复势平面上的无限长带形区域,然后在复势平面上用Fourier变换解出Laplace方程,最后经Fourier逆变换求出了扰动波速度势所满足的积分方程.作为特例考虑了平坦底部的流动,导出了动能密度的显式表达式.这里给出的积分方程可以替代相当难解的H2milton正则方程.通过求解积分方程可得出Lagrange密度的显式表达式.本文提出的方法为研究骑行波的H2milton描述以及波的相互作用问题提供了新的途径,有助于了解海面的小尺度波的精细结构.  相似文献   

16.
The properties of harmonic surface waves in an elastic cylinder made of a rigid material and filled with a fluid are studied. The problem is solved using the dynamic equations of elasticity and the equations of motion of a perfect compressible fluid. It is shown that two surface (Stoneley and Rayleigh) waves exist in this waveguide system. The first normal wave generates a Stoneley wave on the inner surface of the cylinder. If the material is rigid, no normal wave exists to transform into a Rayleigh wave. The Rayleigh wave on the outer surface forms on certain sections of different dispersion curves. The kinematic and energy characteristics of surface waves are analyzed. As the wave number increases, the phase velocities of all normal waves, except the first one, tend to the sonic velocity in the fluid from above __________ Translated from Prikladnaya Mekhanika, Vol. 43, No. 9, pp. 48–62, September 2007.  相似文献   

17.
陈晓 《力学学报》2010,42(1):51-55
漏瑞利波存在于半无限无黏性流体和半无限固体媒质的界面处. 首先推导流固无限各向同性介质界面处漏瑞利波的特征方程和位移及应力的解析计算公式. 然后结合典型结构通过数值计算研究了漏瑞利波特性以及位移和应力在流体和固体中的分布规律. 数值计算结果表明漏瑞利波的相速度和衰减随流固密度比的增大而增大, 在流固界面上法向位移连续而切向位移不连续. 流固密度比对固体媒质中沿垂直于漏瑞利波的传播方向的位移、正应力和剪应力有比较大的影响,而对沿漏瑞利波的传播方向的正应力几乎没影响. 为利用漏瑞利波的无损检测与评价提供了理论基础.   相似文献   

18.
    
The present paper studies the propagation of plane time harmonic waves in an infinite space filled by a thermoelastic material with microtemperatures. It is found that there are seven basic waves traveling with distinct speeds: (a) two transverse elastic waves uncoupled, undamped in time and traveling independently with the speed that is unaffected by the thermal effects; (b) two transverse thermal standing waves decaying exponentially to zero when time tends to infinity and they are unaffected by the elastic deformations; (c) three dilatational waves that are coupled due to the presence of thermal properties of the material. The set of dilatational waves consists of a quasi-elastic longitudinal wave and two quasi-thermal standing waves. The two transverse elastic waves are not subjected to the dispersion, while the other two transverse thermal standing waves and the dilatational waves present the dispersive character. Explicit expressions for all these seven waves are presented. The Rayleigh surface wave propagation problem is addressed and the secular equation is obtained in an explicit form. Numerical computations are performed for a specific model, and the results obtained are depicted graphically.  相似文献   

19.
The propagation of small perturbation in a gas filled porous matrix is investigated. The skeleton is supposed rigid and governed by the energy balance equation, where the heat exchanged between the two phases is taken into account. The Boltzmann equation is written for the gas where the integrals of the collisions between gas and solid particles are evaluated as those for the particles of a mixture. Different choices of the time and space scales lead to models equations which hold for different rarefaction regimes. The wave propagation characteristics are then dealt with in various situations.  相似文献   

20.
The reflection and transmission of obliquely incident Rayleight surface waves by an interphase between two quarter spaces of identical or different materials, have been investigated. The mechanical behavior of the interphase is represented by a thin viscoelastic layer. By using the full space Green's functions due to a spatially harmonic line load, the mathematical statement of the 3-dimension problem is reduced to a 2-dimension system of singular integral equations. The far-field behavior of the scattered waves leads to the definition of reflection and transmission coefficients,R andT. The system of the singular integral equations are solved forR andT with the boundary element method. The results are presented for selected values of the elastic constants of the joined quarter spaces, the parameters of the interphase and the incident angles of Rayleigh surface waves.  相似文献   

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