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1.
岩石变形演化诱致灾变破坏过程的同步实验观测   总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1  
郝圣旺  孙菊 《实验力学》2008,23(1):89-95
将试样变形场演化特征与试样的宏观载荷位移曲线的演化特征结合起来研究是揭示非均匀脆性介质变形演化诱致灾变破坏的一个重要途径.本文发展了一套实验系统,通过对试样表面变形场的演化、宏观载荷和位移信号的同步观测,对单轴加载下岩石试样变形演化和灾变破坏的过程进行了实验研究.揭示了试样变形场由加载初期的随机涨落到灾变破坏前出现明显的变形局部化的演化特征现象,试样最终在变形局部化区内形成宏观破裂面.  相似文献   

2.
单轴荷载下饱水岩石静态和动态抗压强度的细观力学分析   总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1  
王斌  李夕兵 《爆炸与冲击》2012,32(4):423-431
由于单轴荷载下饱水岩石的动态力学特性与静态力学特性存在很大差异,从宏观上进行力学分析 存在局限性。根据岩石受压全应力应变曲线的细观机制,分析了静态及动态单轴荷载条件下孔隙水影响饱水 岩石裂纹扩展的情况。在静态单轴压缩条件下,初始裂隙受压使自由水产生孔隙水压力,自由水对翼裂纹有 向外挤压的应力,促进裂纹扩展。在动态单轴压缩条件下,自由水会产生粘结力,抑制裂纹扩展。根据翼裂纹 受压扩展原理,推导出饱水单轴条件下动态抗压强度、静态抗压强度的计算公式,在相同断裂韧度下,饱水岩 石静态抗压强度风干岩石静态抗压强度饱水岩石动态抗压强度。对自然风干和饱水砂岩进行单轴静态、 动态压缩实验,结果与理论模型的结果相符。  相似文献   

3.
试验机弹性储能对岩石力学性能测试的影响   总被引:5,自引:0,他引:5  
在材料试验机上进行岩石力学性能测试时,如何准确测量岩石的变形是整个测试分析的基础.为了具体考察试验机刚度对岩石变形测量的影响程度,在两台不同的试验机上进行了岩石的单轴压缩试验,通过对加卸载过程中试验系统及岩石能量变化的分析,详细研究了试验系统弹性储能对岩石变形测量的影响,进而给出了基于试验机刚度的修正计算方法,来确定岩石在测试过程中的变形.  相似文献   

4.
岩石变形破坏局部化的白光数字散斑相关方法研究   总被引:7,自引:1,他引:6  
潘一山  杨小彬 《实验力学》2001,16(2):220-225
本文采用白光数字散斑相关方法研究了岩石的变形局部化,通过实验测定了煤岩变形局部化的开始时刻、演经过程及局部化带的宽度,本文的测试结果为研究岩石变形非均匀演化过程及岩石细观本构参数的测定打下了基础。  相似文献   

5.
采用 RMT-301B岩石与混凝土力学实验系统对施加预应力值为峰值强度 20 %、40 %、60 %的泥质白云 岩进行单轴压缩实验,并借助三维数字图像相关技术(3D-DIC)测试系统观测受约束岩石试样的变形和破坏形 态,研究泥质白云岩在约束条件下的位移场和 Tresca应变场的演化过程.结果表明:(1) 岩石的破坏过程是由 内向外扩展,当应力积累超出岩石承受范围后,岩石出现裂纹,随后裂纹尖端继续扩展,应力也发生了重分 布,岩石内部多组裂纹开始联合扩展、贯穿,直到试件发生完全破坏.(2) 含约束岩石在单轴压缩下一共有轴 向劈裂破坏、沿片理破坏、Y形破坏、共轭剪切破坏四种破坏形态,且以轴向劈裂破坏为主  相似文献   

6.
为了探索岩石在周期性恒定拉伸、压缩荷载作用下的蠕变行为,结合杠杆原理,设计研制了一种岩石杠杆式拉伸、压缩蠕变试验仪。该仪器具有挂重质量小、可方便切换拉、压荷载等特点。首先,通过标定好的数显式拉压荷重传感器对该试验仪拉伸、压缩荷载进行了校正,得出试验仪压缩、拉伸荷载杠杆扩力比分别为81.29倍与59.46倍,挂重质量与施加在岩样荷载呈线性关系(压缩作用下线性关系相关系数R2=0.99975,拉伸作用下R2=0.9991),荷载施加稳定。最后,采用该试验仪对红砂岩进行了单轴恒定拉、压循环荷载下的蠕变试验,探讨了受荷岩样拉压蠕变规律。上述成果丰富了岩石蠕变测试与研究内容,有助于岩石力学试验测试的发展。  相似文献   

7.
为了研究软岩蠕变变形过程中岩体抵抗变形能力降低的程度,将岩石变形破坏过程中切线模量相对于初始模量的改变量与初始模量的比值定义为刚度系数折减率,分析了软岩单轴压缩荷载及软岩蠕变变形过程中刚度系数折减率的变化规律。软岩单轴压缩荷载下,切线模量随着应变的增大而逐渐降低,刚度系数折减率随着应变的增加而逐渐增大,即随着变形的增大,软岩试件抵抗变形的能力逐渐降低。软岩蠕变过程中刚度系数折减率曲线也可以划分为三个阶段:在初始蠕变阶段瞬时弹性变形使得软岩刚度系数折减率迅速降低;在等速蠕变阶段平稳下降之后进入加速蠕变阶段,下降速率迅速增大。软岩刚度系数折减率的分析可为岩体蠕变过程中变形特性及变形控制分析提供理论依据。  相似文献   

8.
张超  杨期君  曹文贵 《应用力学学报》2020,(1):286-292,I0020
针对扰动作用下岩石存在初始缺陷的特点,通过探讨含初始缺陷岩石变形力学特征,根据含初始缺陷岩石弹性模量的变化情况,建立了初始损伤的确定方法。然后,引入几何损伤理论,通过分析三轴压缩条件下岩石损伤演化规律,建立了含初始缺陷岩石损伤模型,进而建立了考虑初始缺陷与弹性模量的岩石统计损伤本构模型,并给出了参数的确定方法。最后,通过砂岩三轴压缩试验资料分析得出:本文理论模型能够反映不同围压作用下含初始缺陷岩石的变形破坏全过程,与试验曲线较为接近;且常见损伤模型是本文理论模型的特例,表明本文模型和方法具有一定的合理性与可行性。  相似文献   

9.
为研究岩石在单轴压缩与巴西劈裂加载条件下声发射信号的频率特性,在RMT-150C岩石力学试验系统上对流纹斑岩开展了单轴压缩和巴西劈裂条件下的声发射实验。实验结果表明:在单轴压缩实验中,声发射信号的峰值频率分布在550kHz以下,550kHz以上的信号极少,并且100kHz以下的信号占大多数;而巴西劈裂实验中,声发射信号的峰值频率也分布在550kHz以下,以100~200kHz的信号为主。此外,岩样在单轴压缩破坏过程中声发射信号的峰值频率在达到峰值应力前明显降低,而巴西劈裂破坏过程中声发射信号的峰值频率主要集中在100~200kHz之间,在达到峰值应力前50kHz左右的低频信号开始增多,但变化不明显。  相似文献   

10.
裸洞隧道在长期使用过程中,围岩遭受风化、地下水及区域地应力等不利因素的作用,导致岩体性质恶化,影响隧道的正常使用。在调研统计的基础上,选取319国道重庆至武隆段大溪河裸洞隧道为研究对象,对其表层及深层灰岩进行了室内单轴压缩、三轴压缩力学特性试验并对单轴压缩作用下的声发射特性进行了研究。结果表明:单轴压缩作用下两种岩样均出现脆性破坏特征,三轴压缩条件下,两种岩样呈压缩为主的延性扩容破坏,声发射可较好地表征岩石单轴压缩破坏过程;获得了两种岩样的基本力学参数,深层岩样强度为表层岩样强度的2.13倍,弹性模量、泊松比、内聚力、内摩擦角分别是表层岩样的1.04倍,0.63倍,1.45倍,1.37倍。研究结果可为该地区裸洞隧道的长期安全性与稳定性提供有益的理论支撑。  相似文献   

11.
Taking the strain tensor, the scalar damage variable, and the damage gradient as the state variables of the Helmholtz free energy, the general expressions of the firstorder gradient damage constitutive equations are derived directly from the basic law of irreversible thermodynamics with the constitutive functional expansion method at the natural state. When the damage variable is equal to zero, the expressions can be simplified to the linear elastic constitutive equations. When the damage gradient vanishes, the expressions can be simplified to the classical damage constitutive equations based on the strain equivalence hypothesis. A one-dimensional problem is presented to indicate that the damage field changes from the non-periodic solutions to the spatial periodic-like solutions with stress increment. The peak value region develops a localization band. The onset mechanism of strain localization is proposed. Damage localization emerges after damage occurs for a short time. The width of the localization band is proportional to the internal characteristic length.  相似文献   

12.
The effects of void size and hardening in a hexagonal close-packed single crystal containing a cylindrical void loaded by a far-field equibiaxial tensile stress under plane strain conditions are studied. The crystal has three in-plane slip systems oriented at the angle 60° with respect to one another. Finite element simulations are performed using a strain gradient crystal plasticity formulation with an intrinsic length scale parameter in a non-local strain gradient constitutive framework. For a vanishing length scale parameter the non-local formulation reduces to a local crystal plasticity formulation. The stress and deformation fields obtained with a local non-hardening constitutive formulation are compared to those obtained from a local hardening formulation and to those from a non-local formulation. Compared to the case of the non-hardening local constitutive formulation, it is shown that a local theory with hardening has only minor effects on the deformation field around the void, whereas a significant difference is obtained with the non-local constitutive relation. Finally, it is shown that the applied stress state required to activate plastic deformation at the void is up to three times higher for smaller void sizes than for larger void sizes in the non-local material.  相似文献   

13.
基于热力学第一定律和非局部塑性理论,提出了一种求解应变局部化问题的非局部方法.对材料的每一点定义了局部和非局部两种状态空间,局部状态空间的内变量通过非局部权函数映射到非局部空间,成为非局部内变量.在应变软化过程中,局部状态空间中的塑性变形服从正交流动法则,材料的软化律在非局部状态空间中被引入.通过两个状态空间的塑性应变能耗散率的等效,得到了应变软化过程中明确定义的局部化区域以及其中的塑性应变分布.应用本方法导出了一维应变局部化问题的解析解.解析解表明,应变局部化区域的尺寸只与材料内尺度有关;对于高斯型非局部权函数,局部化区域的尺寸大约是材料内尺度的6倍.一维算例表明,局部化区域的塑性应变分布以及载荷-位移曲线仅与材料参数和结构几何尺寸有关,变形局部化区域的尺寸随着材料内尺度的减小而减小,同时塑性应变也随着材料内尺度的减小变得更加集中.当内尺度趋近于零时,应用本文方法得到的解与采用传统的局部塑性理论得到的解相同.  相似文献   

14.
Field and laboratory investigators have observed thin, tabular zones of localized compressional deformation without shear in high porosity sandstone. These ‘compaction bands’ display greatly reduced porosity, and may affect the withdrawal of fluids from reservoirs. Studies addressing band formation as a type of strain localization predict the onset of the bands in a range of constitutive parameters roughly consistent with experiments, but are highly dependent on the constitutive relation used. In particular, the hardening modulus in shear and the slope of the yield surface in a plot of shear stress versus mean compressive stress are critical to localization predictions. Previous yield cap constitutive models employed a single deformation criterion, linking hydrostatic and shear response. In this work, we propose an elliptic yield cap model employing separate inelastic deformation parameters along each axis of the ellipse. The two deformation parameters allow the proposed surface to change in aspect ratio as it deforms, and allow a negative hardening modulus in shear without a negative hydrostatic modulus. Some cases with simplified modeling are shown for illustrative purposes, followed by a comparison with existing models. The proposed model displays similar strain behavior to the other models, but predicts localization under less restrictive conditions.  相似文献   

15.
Combinations of gradient plasticity with scalar damage and of gradient damage with isotropic plasticity are proposed and implemented within a consistently linearized format. Both constitutive models incorporate a Laplacian of a strain measure and an internal length parameter associated with it, which makes them suitable for localization analysis.The theories are used for finite element simulations of localization in a one-dimensional model problem. The physical relevance of coupling hardening/softening plasticity with damage governed by different damage evolution functions is discussed. The sensitivity of the results with respect to the discretization and to some model parameters is analyzed. The model which combines gradient-damage with hardening plasticity is used to predict fracture mechanisms in a Compact Tension test.  相似文献   

16.
Gradient theories, as a regularized continuum mechanics approach, have found wide applications for modeling strain localization failure process. This paper presents a second gradient stress–strain damage elasticity theory based upon the method of virtual power. The theory considers the strain gradient and its conjugated double stresses. Instead of introducing an intrinsic material length scale into the constitutive law in an ad hoc fashion, a microstructural granular mechanics approach is applied to derive the higher-order constitutive coefficients such that the internal length scale parameter reflects the natural granularity of the underlying material microstructure. The derivations of the required damage constitutive relationships, the strong form governing equations as well as its weak form for the second gradient model are described. The recently popularized Element-Free Galerkin (EFG) method is then employed to discretize the weak form equilibrium equation for accommodating the resultant higher-order continuity requirements and further handling the mesh sensitivity problem. Numerical examples for shear band simulations show that the proposed second gradient continuum model can produce stable, accurate as well as mesh-size independent solutions without a priori assumption of the shear band path.  相似文献   

17.
Shear band localization is investigated by a strain-gradient-enhanced damage model for quasi-brittle geomaterials. This model introduces the strain gradients and their higher-order conjugate stresses into the framework of continuum damage mechanics. The influence of the strain gradients on the constitutive behaviour is taken into account through a generalized damage evolutionary law. A weak-form variational principle is employed to address the additional boundary conditions introduced by the incorporation of the strain gradients and the conjugate higher-order stresses. Damage localization under simple shear condition is analytically investigated by using the theory of discontinuous bifurcation and the concept of the second-order characteristic surface. Analytical solutions for the distributions of strain rates and strain gradient rates, as well as the band width of localised damage are found. Numerical analysis demonstrates the shear band width is proportionally related to the internal length scale through a coefficient function of Poisson’s ratio and a parameter representing the shape of uniaxial stress–strain curve. It is also shown that the obtained distributions of strains and strain gradients are well in accordance with the underlying assumptions for the second-order discontinuous shear band boundary and the weak discontinuous bifurcation theory.  相似文献   

18.
A dynamic analysis of an elastic gradient-dependent polymeric fiber subjected to a periodic excitation is considered.A nonlinear gradient elasticity constitutive equation with strain-dependent gradient coefficients is first derived and the dispersive wave propagation properties for its linearized counterpart are briefly discussed.For the linearized problem a variational formulation is also developed to obtain related boundary conditions of both classical(standard)and non-classical(gradient)type.Analytical solutions in the form of Fourier series for the fiber’s displacement and strain fields are provided.The solutions depend on a dimensionless scale parameter(the diameter to length radio d = D/L)and,therefore,size effects are captured.  相似文献   

19.
应变局部化分析中两类不同材料模型的讨论   总被引:8,自引:0,他引:8  
张洪武 《力学学报》2003,35(1):80-84
特定情况下单相固体材料率相关模型与多孔介质中的渗流作用均对问题的动力应变局部化分析产生内尺度律效应,对两类问题基本解之间的关系进行讨论,给出了两类不同材料模型解之间的若干联系.  相似文献   

20.
一个综合模糊裂纹和损伤的混凝土应变软化本构模型   总被引:5,自引:0,他引:5  
本文研究就变软化材料的本构关系,提出了一个考虑损伤的粘塑性模型,损伤不仅影响材料的临界应力,而且影响材料的粘塑性,为模拟材料的应变软化行为,假设受损混凝土的破坏局部区域由模糊裂纹和损伤所统治,软化模量和局部区域尺度参量依赖于模糊裂纹扩展时释放的断裂能的参变量,用文中提出的模型计算了混凝土单轴压缩时不同应变速率下的瞬时应力应变响应以及等应力长期作用下的徐变,均得到很的结果。  相似文献   

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