复合材料层合圆柱壳的有限元分析

本文根据Reissner-Mindlin型的全局位移场(一阶和三阶)，应用有限元预测一修正法，数值计算和分析了机械载荷作用下复合材料层合圆柱壳的挠度和横向剪应力。首先按照一般的有限元分析过程(没有引入剪切修正系数)计算出层合圆柱壳的挠度预测值；然后利用Lagrange插值构造横向剪应力的一般形式，使得满足层间连续和表面上为零的条件，通过最小二乘法拟合三维应力平衡方程获得横向剪应力；最后在单元上计算和引入剪切修正系数，再经过有限元分析计算出层合圆柱壳的挠度修正值。数值计算结果与三维线弹性解的比较表明，挠度修正值和横向剪应力的精度是十分满意的。     

受热复合材料层合板的非线性静动态响应分析

基于高阶剪切变形理论，突出考虑横向正应变和横向剪切应变的影响，对受热和外力联合作用下复合材料层合板的非线性静、动态响应进行分析。动态分析时计及了转动惯量的影响，给出了Ｃ°类有限元公式。文中数值算例同现有文献和三维有限元计算结果进行了比较，证明了本文方法的精确、有效性。文中还对层合反的边界条件、纵厚比及铺设角度对非线性动态响应的影响进行了分析。     

复合材料层合板壳的非线性热动态响应分析

本文基于高阶剪切变形理论，考虑同天应变和横向剪切应变的影响，对受热复合材料层合板壳的非线性热动态响应进行分析，计及了转动惯量的影响，给出了通用性较好的Ｃ＾０类有限元公式，文中数值算同现有文献和三维有限元计算结果进行了比较，证明了本文方法的精确、有效性，文中还就层合板的边界条件、纵厚比及铺设角度对非线性热动态响应的影响进行了分析。     

空间曲梁单元的扭转修正系数研究

三维空间曲梁有限单元模型是模拟曲梁结构的有效数值方法,可以考虑曲梁的弯扭耦合特性,最为符合曲梁的几何和受力特征.由于有限元法采用梁理论的平截面假定,空间曲梁单元上的扭转剪应力分布与实际曲梁截面上的扭转剪应力不同,从而会导致扭转刚度和扭转变形的计算失真.本文基于剪切应变能等效原理,推导了不同长宽比的矩形截面空间曲梁单元的扭转刚度修正系数η和截面边中点处扭转剪应力的修正系数λ,并采用曲线悬臂梁进行了验证.验证结果表明,根据本文提出的η作为校正因子的空间曲梁单元模型,对任意矩形截面曲梁计算的扭转变形均与实体单元模型的结果吻合良好;且只有截面为正方形时,扭转剪应力修正系数η才恰好与弯曲剪应力修正系数(1.2)一致.     

低速冲击下复合材料合板的响应过程模拟

运用一种精度较高的高阶位移模型分析了复合材料层合板在低速击下的响应过程,该位移模型能够同时考虑层间正应力和横向剪应力,另外,采用修正的Hertz接触定律与Newmark积分方法相结合,建立了冲击接触的有限元模型,本文的数值模拟计算结果与解析结果相比较证明了该方法的有效和精确性。     

切口类型变化对复合材料双切口层间剪切强度的影响规律研究

利用三维有限元模型和试验对复合材料双切口试件层间剪切强度进行了研究,通过改变双切口试件的切口类型(标准双切口、半V型切口和V型切口),对比分析切口类型变化对试件剪切面应力水平、破坏模式和剪切强度的影响,对侧面夹具为Hopkinson金属棒的半V型切口试件剪切面应力水平进行了分析。结果表明,三种切口类型的试验都不是单纯、均匀的剪切强度试验:标准双切口(DNS)试件剪切面剪应力分布不均匀,横向压应力较大,它仅能得到复合材料的表观层间剪切强度;半V型切口(0.5DVS)试件剪切面剪应力分布最不均匀,横向压应力较小,所得剪切强度偏小;V型切口(DVS)试件剪切面剪应力分布最均匀,但横向压应力较大。DNS试件和0.5DVS试件破坏模式为单纯剪切破坏,两者所测剪切强度离散性相对较小,而DVS试件破坏时初始失效点不在剪切面上,存在二次失效,所测剪切强度离散性较大。综上所述,DNS试件最适合静态层间剪切强度测试。与含Hopkinson金属棒的试件相比,改变切口类型的试件之所以不能改善剪切面的应力水平,是由输入输出区刚度偏小造成的。     

APPROXIMATE THEORY AND ANALYTICAL SOLUTION FOR DYNAMIC CALCULATION OF VISCOELASTIC LAYERED PERIODIC PLATE

由于周期性隔振结构动力计算中较少考虑轨道交通载荷及材料黏弹性，因此，本文以黏弹性层状周期板为研究对象，提出了垂向移动简谐载荷下，可以考虑材料黏弹性及板内横向剪切变形的黏弹性层状周期板动力计算近似理论并给出解析解答.设板中性面的横向剪切变形为横截面的整体剪切变形，利用Reissner-Mindlin假设及提出的剪切变形补充计算条件，得到了中性面法线转角与中性面剪应力的关系.基于平衡方程和应力连续条件，建立了黏弹性层状周期板振动控制方程，推导了对边简支对边自由条件下，板垂向位移的简化Fourier级数形式解.与经典层合板模型和有限元计算结果进行了比较，验证了本文解答的有效性.结果表明：（1）黏弹性层状周期板可以显著降低单一材料板在自振频率处的振动响应，但会引起局部低频频段的振动放大；（2）板的垂向位移随着载荷速度的增大而增大，当载荷速度超过300 km/h后，其对板振动响应的影响减弱；（3）黏弹性层剪切模量存在最佳设计值，可使结构的隔振性能最佳；（4）黏弹性层的阻尼特性在低频范围内对结构振动影响较小；（5）可在满足工程实际的情况下适当增加板长，以提高结构的隔振性能.     

含裂粘补结构胶层剪应力的计算

提出了一种计算含裂粘补结构胶层剪应力的新方法。采用有限元计算补片的影响系数，使用已有解析解计算蒙皮的影响系数。利用位移协调条件，列出有限多组联立方程。解出含裂粘补结构胶层剪应力。计算结果较好的反映了含裂粘补结构胶层剪应力的实际变化趋势，该方法同样可应用于其他结构如高梯度基膜复合材料剪应力的计算。     

基于静力响应面的结构有限元模型修正方法

提出了基于静力响应面的结构有限元模型修正方法.运用响应面方法,将结构静力响应和结构参数之间复杂的隐式关系用显式函数近似表达出来;在此响应面模型(函数)基础上,通过优化计算对结构有限元模型参数进行修正.阐述了基于静力响应面的结构有限元模型修正方法的基本理论和一般实现过程.对两跨连续梁结构的静力模型修正数值算例分析结果表明:基于静力响应面的有限元模型修正方法可以减少结构有限元计算的次数、提高模型修正的优化效率,结构有限元模型修正结果具有可接受的精度.     

基于新修正偶应力理论的Mindlin层合板稳定性分析

基于新的各向异性修正偶应力理论提出一个Mindlin复合材料层合板稳定性模型。该理论包含纤维和基体两个不同的材料长度尺度参数。不同于忽略横向剪切应力的修正偶应力Kirchhoff薄板理论,Mindlin层合板考虑横向剪切变形引入两个转角变量。进一步建立了只含一个材料细观参数的偶应力Mindlin层合板工程理论的稳定性模型。计算了正交铺设简支方板Mindlin层合板的临界载荷。计算结果表明该模型可以用于分析细观尺度层合板稳定性的尺寸效应。     

Transient dynamic response of debonded sandwich plates predicted with finite element analysis

Dynamic transient response of a composite sandwich plate with a penny-shaped debonded zone has been studied by using the finite element analysis within the ABAQUS/Explicit code in this paper. In order to accurately predict the response of the debonded sandwich plate to impulsive loading, contact–impact and sliding conditions along the damaged skin-to-core interface were imposed in the model through a kinematic predictor/corrector contact algorithm. The accuracy of the finite element (FE) model used was verified by comparing between numerical predictions and experimental data known in literature for the frequency spectrum of a cracked polycarbonate laminated beam containing a delamination. By analyzing nonlinear aspects of the transient dynamics of the sandwich plate, it is shown that the presence of the debond significantly alters its short-term response. In this respect, a considerable influence of contact events within the debonded region on the plate’s global dynamic response was found out. These results were presented in both time and frequency domains. The predictions performed also showed that the FE model applied would be useful for nondestructive evaluation of defects in composite sandwich plates, and for studying dynamic response of such plates to impact.     

含裂纹金属薄板胶接补强的应力分析

本文应用弹塑性有限元分析胶接补强的含裂纹薄板结构,剪切单元被改进使之可连结平面等参单元并用于分析胶层应力。计算了补强后裂纹板的应力强度因子,并将计算结果与实验数据作了比较,分析表明,胶接补强可显著降低裂尖的应力集中,使裂纹板内应力分布趋于均匀。     

Design and validation of a new fixture for the shear testing of cellular solids

The design and validation of a new fixture for the shear testing of cellular solids are presented. The fixture is an extended version of a picture-frame shear fixture (EPF) and is suited for comparatively thick rectangular block specimens. The stress state in the specimen is analyzed using a detailed finite element model. The finite element model is based on a 3D CAD model and incorporates friction in the revolute joints. Using specimens with low stiffness, a nearly pure and uniform shear stress state is induced in the specimen. A correction factor for the shear stress is derived which takes into account the friction in the joints and the nonuniformity of the shear stress distribution in the gauge section. The shear response of the polymer foam Rohacell^® 200 WF is determined in order to demonstrate the capabilities of the EPF. The strain state is analyzed by means of digital image correlation and is detected to be very pure and uniform on the specimen’s surface, as predicted by the numerical analysis. The shear modulus obtained with the EPF is in good agreement with the calculated shear modulus derived from tensile tests on the same material. In addition, there is only little scatter of the strength values over the tested specimens which further confirms the accuracy of the new fixture.     

含裂纹金属薄板胶接补强的应力分析

本文应用弹塑性有限元分析胶接补强的含裂纹薄板结构,剪切单元被改进使之可连结平面等参单元并用于分析胶层应力。计算了补强后裂纹板的应力强度因子,并将计算结果与实验数据作了比较,分析表明,胶接补强可显著降低裂尖的应力集中,使裂纹板内应力分布趋于均匀。     

Nonlinear shear behavior and interlaminar shear strength of unidirectional polymer matrix composites: A numerical study

Detailed finite element implementation is presented for a recently developed technique (He et al., 2012) to characterize nonlinear shear stress–strain response and interlaminar shear strength based on short-beam shear test of unidirectional polymeric composites. The material characterization couples iterative three-dimensional finite element modeling for stress calculation with digital image correlation for strain evaluation. Extensive numerical experiments were conducted to examine the dependence of the measured shear behavior on specimen and test configurations. The numerical results demonstrate that consistent results can be achieved for specimens with various span-to-thickness ratios, supporting the accurate material properties for the carbon/epoxy composite under study.     

A MODEL BASED ON THE HIGHER-ORDER LEGENDRE POLYNOMIALS TO SOLVE THE BEAM SHEAR STRESS

梁作为最简单的构件在工程中广泛应用. 由于经典梁理论在求解梁的切应力时需要引入平衡方程和剪切修正系数, 使得求解问题变得复杂. 该文采用高阶勒让德级数形式的位移函数, 并考虑上下边界处切应力为零的特点, 建立了梁的切应力的求解方法. 并将所得的理论结果与有限元方法的数值结果进行比较, 结果符合很好. 结果表明, 该文的理论模型能够准确地确定梁内部的正应力和切应力. 该文的研究可为梁的力学分析提供新的理论方法.     

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提出了一种采用有限元法计算钢管混凝土受剪时等效剪切模量的方法，并对该方法 的正确性进行了验证；在分析了各种因素对等效剪切模量影响的基础上，给出了圆形和方形 钢管混凝土受剪时等效剪切模量的简化计算公式；与其他得到钢管混凝土剪切模量的方法进 行比较，分析了结果不同的原因，表明对钢管混凝土采用有限元计算研究其等效剪切模量的 方法更为合理.     

Ultrasonic characterization of point defects induced by cross slip under pure shear

Longitudinal wave velocity is used to characterize the point defects in crystalline solids. High purity Al single crystal was selected for both the finite element analysis and experimental work. Since the jog motions of dislocations caused by intersected slides such as cross slips induce point defects, the total amount of cross slips was calculated instead of calculating directly from the point defects. The effect of crystal orientations on total amount of cross slips under pure shear was also investigated via the finite element method. The result suggest that if the initial shear stress direction is located at the inner side of stereographic triangle, only single slip activities occurred at the beginning of plastic deformation and no effects due to point defects were present. However, as the shear stress direction rotates along the slip direction, point defects are induced by cross slips between primary and secondary slip systems due to work-hardening. This phenomenon was then examined by measuring longitudinal wave velocity changes propagating in Al single crystal subjected to the combination loads of equi-biaxial tension and compression (a pure shear state). Good qualitative agreement between the finite element result and measured data suggest that the longitudinal wave velocity can be used as an index to characterize point defects in crystalline materials.     

基于偶应力理论剪切带问题的弹塑性有限元分析

对于软化材料的剪切带问题，传统弹塑性有限元分析遇到了困难，进入弹塑 性阶段，计算结果对网格划分敏感，出现所谓的有限元网格依赖性问题，随着网格的细分， 计算常常因不收敛导致失效. 用有限元软件ABAQUS计算了3个例题，证实了传统弹塑性 有限元分析软化材料剪切带问题的局限性，同时证实对于无剪切带的厚壁筒问题不会出现上 述问题. 进一步引入细观非局部化理论，对非局部理论含有的细观参数\ell 进行了深入讨论，并采用可通过C0 -1分片检验的18参偶应力三角形单元， 重新计算了3个例题，结果避免了上述问题，说明 细观偶应力有限元尤其适用于分析剪切带问题.     

箱形梁剪力滞和剪切效应引起的附加挠度分析

将箱形梁腹板剪切变形纳入初等梁挠曲变形,在全截面上引入剪力滞翘曲修正系数,重新定义了剪力滞翘曲位移模式。选取剪力滞效应引起的附加挠度为广义位移,计算外力势能时考虑剪力滞广义位移的影响,应用能量变分法建立了反映剪力滞和剪切效应的控制微分方程,并导出了均布荷载作用下简支箱梁和两跨连续箱梁剪力滞和剪切效应附加挠度的解析解。数值算例表明,本文方法计算的总挠度值与有限元数值解吻合良好,从而验证了本文方法的合理性。算例箱梁剪切附加挠度明显大于剪力滞附加挠度;简支箱梁跨中截面的剪切和剪力滞附加挠度分别占初等梁挠度的2.50%和1.97%,两跨连续箱梁距中支点9l/16截面分别占27.45%和16.87%。