基于非线性统一强度理论的裂隙岩体圆形隧道扩张问题的弹塑性研究

由于节理岩体具有复杂的力学特性,因此节理岩体圆形隧道扩张问题的弹塑性解要复杂得多。节理岩体的力学特性可以很好地用考虑了岩体结构的强度参数m,s和α以及中间主应力影响的非线性统一强度准则来表达。本文根据非线性统一强度准则确定了瞬时摩擦角,强度参数m,s和α是瞬时摩擦角的函数,获得了节理岩体圆形隧道扩张问题的弹塑性解和支护应力的封闭形式的理论解,并给出了算例。     

层状岩体力学特性模拟实验研究

对层状岩体变形特性和强度特性的正确认识,合理选取其变形和强度参数,是水电站等大型岩体工程论证与设计需要解决的关键问题.为此,利用模拟实验对层状岩体的变形特性和强度特性进行了研究,得到了模拟试样的变形模量和强度随试样所含节理数、轴向应力与节理面间的夹角和围压之间的变化关系.结果表明:当最大主应力与节理面间的夹角由0°增加...     

单轴压缩下断续节理岩体动态损伤本构模型

断续节理将对工程岩体的强度及变形等力学特性产生显著影响，损伤力学中视节理为岩体的一种宏观损伤，因而采用损伤张量来刻画其对岩体的影响。目前学术界提出了用节理的几何、强度及变形等3类参数来描述节理的物理力学性质，而目前的岩体损伤张量计算方法都只涉及前2类参数，均没有涉及其变形参数即法向及切向刚度。为此，在前人研究的基础上，基于断裂及损伤理论提出了考虑节理法向及切向刚度的单轴压缩下单条断续节理引起的损伤张量计算公式，进而通过考虑节理间相互作用给出了单组单排或多排节理岩体损伤张量计算公式。其次，以岩石细观动态损伤模型为基础，结合宏细观损伤耦合观点提出了一个能够同时考虑节理几何、强度及变形参数的断续节理岩体动态损伤本构模型。最后，利用该模型讨论了节理参数及载荷应变率等对岩体动态力学特性的影响，认为节理长度减小及摩擦角增大将导致岩体动态峰值强度及弹性模量增大；岩体动态峰值强度及弹性模量则随着节理法向及切向刚度的增大分别减小或增大；而当节理法向及切向刚度按照同一比例增大时，岩体动态峰值强度及弹性模量则是增大的。岩体动态峰值强度与载荷应变率呈正相关。     

基于TCK模型的非贯通节理岩体动态损伤本构模型

提出在岩体动态损伤本构模型中应同时考虑宏、细观缺陷；基于能量原理和断裂力学理论推导得出了同时考虑节理几何及力学特征的宏观损伤变量(张量)的计算公式；基于综合考虑宏、细观缺陷的复合损伤变量(张量)及完整岩石动态损伤Taylor-Chen-Kuszmaul(TCK)模型，建立了相应的单轴压缩下节理岩体动态损伤本构模型；利用该模型讨论了节理内摩擦角及节理长度对岩体动态力学特性的影响规律。研究表明，试件动态峰值强度随着节理内摩擦角的增大而增大，随着节理长度的增加而减小。     

基于岩石蠕变及D-P准则的深部巷道围岩弹塑性分析

为深入分析岩石蠕变及中间主应力对深部高应力软岩巷道围岩稳定性及分区变形特性的影响机理, 通过剖析长期荷载作用下深部巷道围岩的变形特征, 揭示了基于围岩蠕变特性的深部巷道围岩四分区变形机理, 并依据Druck-Prager准则及关联性流动法则考虑了中间主应力、岩体扩容及应变软化的影响, 推导出巷道围岩各分区应力、变形和半径解析解. 结合工程算例, 通过对现场监测数据以及不同力学模型的计算结果进行对比分析, 论证了本文理论的科学性, 并揭示了不同强度准则和围岩参数对深部巷道围岩各分区形态的影响规律. 结果表明, 忽视深部巷道围岩的蠕变特性将导致初始黏聚力的取值大于实际值, 从而造成围岩的理论承载能力大于实际承载能力; 在[0, 0.7]区间内提高中间主应力系数可有效控制围岩塑性区及破碎区范围的扩展; 当初始黏聚力及内摩擦角减小时, 中间主应力系数对围岩塑性区、破碎区范围及巷道变形的影响力显著提高. 研究成果可为地下工程支护设计及围岩稳定性评估提供理论参考.      

岩石多轴与常规三轴强度的关系

在各向异性应力状态下,岩石强度的中间主应力效应已被很多的试验所证实.基于真三轴试验结果和多轴强度准则,研究了同一中间主应力系数下岩石的多轴强度与常规三轴强度之间的关系.结果表明,在相同的中间主应力系数下,岩石的多轴与常规三轴的强度曲线具有相同的形式.对于常规三轴强度特征符合Mohr-Coulomb准则的岩石,中间主应力...     

综合考虑宏细观缺陷的岩体动态损伤本构模型

针对节理岩体同时含有节理、裂隙等宏观缺陷及微裂隙、微孔洞等细观缺陷的客观事实, 提出了在节理岩体动态损伤本构模型中应同时考虑宏细观缺陷的观点。为此, 首先对基于细观动态断裂机理的经典岩石动态损伤本构模型—TCK(Taylor-Chen-Kuszmaul)模型进行了阐述, 其次基于Lemaitre等效应变假设推导了综合考虑宏细观缺陷的复合损伤变量(张量), 进而在此基础上建立了相应的节理岩体动态损伤本构模型, 并利用该模型讨论了载荷应变率及节理条数对岩体动态力学特性的影响规律。结果表明, 在不同载荷应变率下试件在变形初始阶段是重合的, 而后随着应变的增加, 试件峰值强度、峰值应变及总应变均随载荷应变率的增加而增加; 随着节理条数的增加, 试件峰值强度逐渐降低, 但降低趋势逐渐变缓并趋于某一定值。上述研究结论与目前的理论及实验研究结果的基本规律是一致的, 说明了本模型的合理性。     

复杂应力状态下岩土材料非线性本构模型研究

基于统一强度理论,将洛德参数引入统一强度理论,推导出材料的统一强度参数,进而分析中间主应力以及主剪应力系数对材料统一强度参数的影响。在此基础上,对邓肯张双曲线模型进行改进,使得该模型能够反映复杂应力状态下的应力应变关系。采用粘土的平面应变试验进行验证,结果表明:在平面应变情况下,当b=0.4时,模型能够较好地反映粘土的应力应变关系,及其强度参数。分析了洛德参数以及中间主应力系数对模型的影响,进一步说明岩土材料存在主应力效应。该模型能够反映不同材料在复杂应力状态下的应力应变关系,有其更为广泛的适用性。     

正常固结原状饱和黏性土的本构模型研究

基于扰动状态概念研究了正常固结饱和原状黏性土的本构模型。其中,相对完整状态采用基于原状黏性土的理想非线性弹性本构模型来表征;完全调整状态则是基于临界状态土力学框架,将修正剑桥模型与三剪强度准则相结合而建立的弹塑性本构模型来表征。为了更好地反映黏性土的黏聚力影响,提出了等量代换法和坐标平移法两种处理方法,并作了对比研究。针对基于临界状态土力学框架和扰动状态概念建立的原状土本构模型为平均应力、广义剪应力与体应变、广义剪应变间的关系且无屈服函数显式表达式,提出了一个将其三维化的方法。三维化后的原状黏性土本构模型为空间内6个应力分量和6个应变分量之间的关系,更便于复杂应力状态下的土体变形分析及有限元编程。为验证模型的正确性,对正常固结江西原状饱和红黏土土样作了固结排水和固结不排水条件下的常规三轴压缩试验和K0固结试验,并与模型计算结果作了对比,结果表明:所提模型能够较好地反映江西原状饱和红黏土的力学和变形特性。另外,用所提模型对江西原状饱和红黏土进行了真三轴压缩数值模拟实验,探讨了中间主应力对其力学和变形特性的影响,结果表明:中间主应力及其影响系数对土的变形、孔隙水压力、强度均有影响;固结不排水条件下,在相同剪应力的作用下,土体剪应变随中间主应力影响系数的增大而减小,在相同轴向应变条件下,孔隙水压力随中间主应力影响系数的增大而增大;固结排水条件下,在相同平均正应力作用下,土体体应变随中间主应力影响系数的增大而减小,在相同轴向应变条件下,土体体应变随中主应力影响系数的增大而增大。     

基于统一强度理论的组合厚壁圆筒弹塑性统一解

基于统一强度理论,考虑中间主应力效应及拉压不等特性,对双层和多层厚壁圆筒进行弹塑性分析,分别建立了材料相同双层厚壁圆筒最佳分层半径、套装压力和套装过盈量的基本解,以及组合厚壁圆筒的弹塑性统一解,得出统一强度理论参数、拉压比、半径比和组合筒体层数对统一解的影响特性。该结果具有通用性,适用于拉压异性组合厚壁圆筒压力容器的相关问题;考虑中间主应力的影响,能充分发挥组合筒体的强度潜能,为组合厚壁筒的设计及工程应用提供一定的参考。     

Experimental investigation of jointed rock breaking under a disc cutter with different confining stresses

Extensive and detailed investigations have been made to better understand the rock-breaking mechanism of the tunnel boring machine (TBM) disc cutter, but the crack propagation and failure modes induced by the disc cutter when the confining stresses and joint characteristics vary have not been comprehensively investigated. To address this area of research, a triaxial testing machine (TRW-3000) is modified to investigate the effect of different confining stresses (0, 2.5, 5, 7.5 and 10 MPa) on the rock breaking of different joint angles (0°, 30°, 60°, and 90°) induced by the disc cutter. In this series of tests, the crack propagation and failure modes of the intact and jointed rock with different confining stresses are analysed. During the experiments, four different types of failure modes have been observed. The failure mode is affected by the joint orientation at low confining stress. The existence of joints has no obvious effect on the failure mode when the confining stress increases to a certain extent.     

Hoek–Brown criterion applied to circular tunnel using elastoplasticity and in situ axial stress

Based on the nonlinear Hoek–Brown failure criterion, elastoplastic analytical solutions are developed for the elastoplastic stresses, strains and plastic zones around a circular tunnel subjected to different value of the axial in situ stress. Effects of the transverse in situ stress, the axial in situ stress and the strength parameters of rock masses on the elastoplastic stresses, strains and plastic zones in the surrounding rock masses are investigated. It is found from the numerical results that the stresses, strains, and plastic zones in the surrounding rock depend not only on the transverse in situ stress but also on the axial in situ stress as well as the mechanical parameters of rock masses.     

The Interphase Model for the Analysis of Joints in Rock Masses and Masonry Structures

To study the response of cementitious joints in rock masses or masonry structures, the model of interphase is considered for which the contact stresses and strains interact with the internal stresses or strains within the joint. The frictional slip and sliding effects are then combined with the inelastic deformations of the joint. The constitutive model of the joint is analysed by assuming two interfaces separating the joint from the adjacent material. The case of a cementitious layer interposed between two rigid bodies is treated in detail. Sommario. Al fine di analizzare la risposta mcccanica dei giunti cementizi presenti negli ammassi rocciosi o nelle strutture murarie a blocchi, viene presentato il modello di interfase che permette di tenere in conto l'interazi- one fra le tensioni e le deformazioni di contatto con quelle interne al giunto. Pertanto, i fenomeni di scivolamento che si verificano al contatto fra blocchi e giunto sono combinati con le deformazioni anelastiche del materiale che costituisce il giunto stesso. Il modello costitutivo del giunto è derivato dall'assunzione che il giunto sia separato dai blocchi attraverso due interfacce. Il caso di un giunto cementizio interposto fra due blocchi rigidi, soggetto a compressione, viene trattatto nel dettaglio.     

FEM ANALYSIS FOR INFLUENCES OF A FAULT ON COUPLED T-H-M-M PROCESS IN DUAL-POROSITY ROCK MASS

For the case in which a large geological structure like fault existing within the surrounding rock mass in the near field of a repository for high-level radioactive nuclear waste, one kind of coupled thermo-hydro-mechanical-migratory model of dual-porosity medium for saturatedunsaturated ubiquitous-joint rock mass was established. In the present model, the seepage field and the concentration field are double, but the stress field and the temperature field are single, and the influences of sets, spaces, angles, continuity ratios, stiffness of fractures on the constitutive relationship of the medium can be considered. At the same time, a two-dimensional program of finite element method was developed. Taking a hypothetical nuclear waste repository located at a rock mass being unsaturated dual-porosity medium as a calculation example, the FEM analysis for thermo-hydro-mechanical-migratory coupling were carried out under the condition of radioactive nuclide leaking for the cases with and without a fault, and the temperatures, pore pressures, flow velocities, nuclide concentrations and principal stresses in the rock mass were investigated. The results show that the fracture water in the fault flows is basically along the fault direction, and its flow velocity is almost three orders of magnitude higher than that of fracture water in rock mass; the nuclide concentration in the fault is also much higher than that without fault, and the nuclides move along the fault faster; moreover, the fault has obvious influences on the pore pressures and the principal stresses in the rock mass.     

非线性变形节理中纵波传播特性的理论研究

基于波前动量守恒理论和位移不连续方法所提出的时域分析新方法,引入岩石非线性法向本构关系,对弹性纵波在岩石非线性节理中的传播特性进行了理论分析。采用节理变形的双曲线模型(BB模型),获得纵波P波斜入射非线性节理的传播波动方程,并通过参数研究分析了在岩石节理中节理非线性系数、节理初始刚度、应力波入射角和入射波幅值等因素对纵波传播规律的影响。结果表明:所推导的应力波传播方程在考虑多种非线性问题时,通过迭代计算即可方便求出透射波和反射波的数值解,避免了复杂的数学运算;当波斜入射节理面时,产生了波型转换,节理变形的非线性对透射波和反射波有较大影响,透射系数和反射系数并非随着非线性参数的变化而单调变化。时域内所推导的波传播方程更有益于波斜入射时非线性参数的广泛研究,为开展该方面的理论研究工作提供了借鉴。     

一种适合于岩石材料的双剪模型

岩土类材料强度理论分为单剪强度理论、三剪强度理论和双剪强度理论。三类强度理论的典型代表是Mohr -Coulomb强度理论、Drucker-Prager准则和双剪强度理论。单剪强度理论、三剪强度理论和双剪强度理论都有其相应的单元模型 ,分析单元体上对单元体破坏起主要作用的应力 ,建立各应力分量之间的数学关系 ,形成岩土类材料的强度理论。本文分析岩石围压试验和真三轴试验下的破坏及强度特征 ,提出一种适合于岩石材料的双剪模型 ,与三类强度理论建模方法相同 ,可以得出一系列新的强度理论     

依据控制致裂钻孔应力变化确定原岩应力的平行钻孔法的研究

为了寻求一种操作简单、低成本的岩体应力测试方法, 本文提出了一个依据控制致裂钻孔应力变化的量测推算原岩应力的改进平行钻孔法。本文阐明了平行钻孔法岩体应力量测的特点和控制致裂法的原理。介绍了依据控制致裂钻孔应力变化确定岩体应力的基本理论。     

Zonal disintegration of deep crack-weakened rock masses: A non-Euclidean model

Rock masses are characterized by the existence of distributed joints and fractures. One of behaviors of the deep rock masses is high in situ stresses. The internal space of rock-like materials subjected to high in situ stresses after deformation is treated as a non-Euclidean one. The incompatible deformation of the deep rock masses is induced by high in situ stresses within the framework of non-Euclidean geometric space. A non-Euclidean model in which effects of cracks on zonal disintegration phenomenon of the deep crack-weakened rock masses is taken into account is established. Based on the non-Euclidean model, the elastic stress-field distribution of the deep surrounding rock masses induced by compatible deformation of non-fractured zones and incompatible deformation of fractured zones is determined. The stress intensity factors at the tips of cracks is given out. The strain energy density factor is applied to investigate the occurrence of disintegration zones. It is observed from the numerical results that the magnitude and site of fractured zones depend on the value of in situ stress, mesomechanical parameters and non-Euclidean parameters.     

An empirical statistical constitutive relationship for rock joint shearing considering scale effect

The scale effect of rock joint shearing is of great significance in rock engineering. Most existing shear constitutive models could describe the pre- and post-peak deformation of rock joints, but only in one particular scale, that is, those existing models will fail to depict the rock joint shearing in different length scales. Therefore, this study aims to establish a constitutive relationship for rock joints with considering the scale effect. Based on the assumption of a random statistical distribution of rock material strength and statistical mesoscopic damage theory, damage variables are defined as the ratio of the number of damaged elements to the total number in the shear process. Together with the nonlinear relationship between the microelement failure and the joint scale, an empirical statistical constitutive relationship for joint is established. And then, the determination method of constitutive relationship parameters and the variation laws with the scale are discussed. Results show that the predicted results of the proposed empirical relationship not only agree well with the experimental results but also fully describe nonlinear deformation, pre-peak softening, post-peak softening, residual stage, and other mechanical properties of the shear deformation of joint with different dimensions, thereby demonstrating the rationality of the constitutive relationship. The physical meaning of the constitutive relationship parameters is clear, and the expressions of the constitutive relationship parameters can be deduced from the experimental results. In addition, the influence of scale effect on the shear deformation of rock joints can be quantified using parameters, which help accurately describe the action form of scale effect.