考虑拉压异性徐变的高混凝土坝实测应变转换应力探讨

应变计组实测应变转换为应力与混凝土的徐变特性有关,本文探讨了基于拉压异性徐变的高混凝土坝实测应变转换为应力。首先针对施工期高混凝土坝实测应变存在监测误差,基于实测应变建立的统计模型,获得拟合应变过程线;然后采用应力增量法,基于线性叠加假设,导出了考虑拉伸压缩异性徐变的实测应变转换应力计算公式。结合某高混凝土坝工程应变计组实测应变,对比分析了拉压一致徐变、拉压异性徐变转换应力的差异。分析结果表明,考虑拉压异性徐变后,由于拉伸徐变度小于压缩徐变度,计算应力向拉应力方向偏移,且随时间的增加,偏移量缓慢增加。     

长期荷载作用下CFST界面粘结损伤试验研究

为考察在役钢管混凝土界面粘结性能与荷载作用时间的关系,以荷载作用时间段为基本参数,完成了7根圆钢管混凝土试件的推出试验.试验结果表明,钢管混凝土界面粘结力随荷载作用时间的延长而减小.根据试验结果,得出各个试件的荷载—滑移曲线.基于ANSI/ACI308-1992混凝土养护规程,得出每个试件在荷载作用下的混凝土徐变应变.从损伤力学的角度出发,定义界面损伤变量,推导了混凝土徐变应变与损伤的关系.通过回归得出含损伤变量的界面粘结—滑移本构关系.     

钢筋混凝土轴心受压构件的非线性稳定性

采用我国混凝土规范GB50010-2002规定的混凝土应力一应变关系,考虑混凝土强度、构件长细比及混凝土徐变,从构件的非线性理论出发对钢筋混凝土轴心受压构件的承载力进行了研究,给出了混凝土构件临界状态时的构件边缘应变和纵向弯曲系数的计算公式。研究表明,徐变对轴心受压构件的承载力有很大影响。当不考虑混凝土徐变时,按本文公...     

不同围压下C60混凝土三轴压缩过程能量分析

针对复杂应力状态下高强混凝土受压变形破坏过程中的能量演化机制问题,开展不同围压下C60高强混凝土试样三轴压缩试验,分析其在受力全过程中的变形与破坏特征。根据试验结果,探究了不同围压下高强混凝土三轴压缩过程能量演化机制。研究结果表明:围压越大,混凝土试样破坏时,其峰值应力与峰值应力对应的轴向应变越大,破坏形式由张拉破坏向剪切破坏过渡;峰值应力前,混凝土试样主要以弹性应变能储存为主,峰值应力对应的输入能密度和耗散能密度均随围压的增大而增大,且均与围压满足指数函数关系,其形状改变系数FX与轴向应力呈正比关系,体积改变系数FV与轴向应力呈反比关系;达到峰值应力时,体积改变系数FV小于形状改变系数FX;峰值应力后,主要以弹性应变能释放为主,并随着混凝土试样的破坏转化为各种形式的能量耗散。研究结果可为今后从能量角度研究高强混凝土本构关系提供有益参考。     

持荷混凝土构件耐久性试验加载装置应用技术

针对混凝土构件耐久性试验环境的腐蚀性和多变性、试验设备容量的限制、混凝土的徐变及加载杆件的松弛等影响,对持荷试件加载装置进行了设计与研究。通过自平衡加载装置对紧固件施加扭矩来控制持荷试件的应力水平,并实时监测不同材质及环境下的扭矩系数、混凝土徐变和紧固件的应力松弛,以此获得扭矩的衰减规律,为试件应力补偿提供理论依据。采用两套加载装置对8根(套)试件进行了测试,试验结果表明,自平衡加载装置适用性强、加载及其补偿简便且能够满足试验要求,持荷试件应力损失在六周后趋于稳定。该装置及其应用技术可用于荷载与环境共同作用下混凝土构件的耐久性试验。     

钢筋再生混凝土梁徐变性能试验研究

为揭示钢筋再生混凝土梁的徐变性能,通过三种持荷水平下9根钢筋再生混凝土梁试件的徐变(徐变应变与徐变挠度)对比试验,分析了钢筋再生混凝土梁徐变与时间的相关关系,研究了加荷幅值、初始变形(初始应变、初始挠度)等因素对钢筋再生混凝土梁徐变性能的影响规律,揭示了钢筋再生混凝土梁的徐变机理。研究结果表明:在45%极限荷载水平的持续作用下,钢筋再生混凝土梁总徐变挠度值为初始挠度值的62%左右,并且在前期发展较快,7d发展至总徐变挠度值的64%左右,后期变缓;钢筋再生混凝土梁徐变随着施加荷载幅值、初始变形的升高而有所增加。经历徐变过程后的钢筋再生混凝土梁,其承载性能有所下降,变化趋势为总徐变值越大,降低的幅度也越大。     

钢纤维混凝土层裂强度的实验研究

钢纤维能显著提高混凝土抵抗层裂破坏的能力,但纤维含量、长细比和形状对高应变率下钢纤维混凝土层裂强度的影响仍缺少系统研究.本文利用大直径Hopkinson杆对混凝土细长杆件进行冲击加载,通过放置在试件后方的空心铝合金杆上应变波形确定试件的层裂强度,系统研究了钢纤维含量、长细比和形状对钢纤维混凝土层裂强度的影响.实验结果表明钢纤维混凝土层裂强度具有应变率效应,即应变率越高层裂强度越高.钢纤维对混凝土层裂强度的增加与纤维影响系数α、纤维长细比和纤维含量三者之乘积具有线性关系.动态加载条件下的系数α高于静态,其原因主要是动态加载时纤维快速从基体拔出时动态剪应力增加.波浪形纤维混凝土的系数α比扁头型纤维高.根据实验结果建立了钢纤维混凝土层裂强度经验公式,公式预测结果能与实验结果较好吻合.     

钢管混凝土空间桁拱徐变计算的单一单元模型

采用空间杆单元模拟结构杆件，基于徐变作用下钢管与核心混凝土黏结良好因而应变协调的特点，结合徐变的时间步增量分析方法，建立适合钢管混凝土空间桁拱徐变分析的单一单元模型并开发了程序，对湖南茅草街大桥(主跨为368 m的中承式钢管混凝土拱)进行了《公路钢管混凝土拱桥设计规范》(JTG-T D65-2015)和《公路钢筋混凝土及预应力混凝土桥涵设计规范》(JTG D62-2004)规定的两种徐变模式下拱肋下挠、截面应力以及杆件内力重分布的对比分析。结果表明：本研究的钢管混凝土杆件单一单元模型相对于常规的双单元模型能提高计算效率；两种徐变模式下计算的由徐变引起的拱肋下挠、截面应力重分布非常明显，杆件内力重分布不太明显；相对而言，后一种徐变模式下徐变对拱肋受力行为的影响更强些。     

线性徐变问题的两个定理及对计算方法的简化

在大体积混凝土结构中，徐变应力的分析是个十分重要的问题。本文在线性徐变条件下，（１）导出了关于徐变度和松弛系数的两个定理；（２）提出了直接由徐变度求松弛系数的一种递推公式；（３）对求解徐变问题的初应变法和初应力法，导出了对于任意的松弛系数和徐变度表达式的一般递推公式，从而简化了计算方法，避免了应变或应力历史资料的存贮，节省计算机的大量存贮量。     

基于多孔介质理论的混凝土徐变力学行为的有限元分析

水分是影响混凝土徐变的最重要因素之一,但通常为了计算的简便往往忽略了水分的影响,造成计算结果有很大的误差.文章根据混合物理论结合罚参数法、Galerkin加权残值法以及徐变应力分析的隐式解法,推导得到了混凝土徐变两相多孔介质模型.建立了有限元计算模型,给出了求解算法并编制了有限元程序.计算和试验比较分析表明,该理论和计算方法得到的结果遵循徐变相关性质,说明了该理论和计算模型的合理性.最后,指出了模型中存在的不足以及进一步的研究方向.     

Decoupling of Autogenous Shrinkage and Tensile Creep Strain in High Strength Concrete at Early Ages

Appropriately interpreting the measured creep strain is critical for obtaining the actual creep strain, especially for high-strength concretes characterized by a low water/cement ratio (w/c) because autogenous shrinkage is significant in such concrete at early ages. To investigate the interaction between the autogenous shrinkage and tensile creep of concrete at early ages, various tests were conducted on concretes with water/cement (w/c) ratios =0.3 and 0.4, including basic tensile creep, strength, autogenous shrinkage, and the internal relative humidity (RH) measurements. The load was applied at the ages of 1 and 7 days at the stress/strength levels of 40% and 70%, respectively. It was found that the measured early-age tensile creep strain becomes negative due to the large autogenous shrinkage involved. The principle of superposition can be used for creep-autogenous shrinkage decoupling to obtain the actual basic tensile creep, as there is virtually no additional RH reduction or stress-induced shrinkage in concrete due to the sustained tensile load at early ages. An average tensile strength gain of 8.2% was found in specimens after sustained tensile loading compared to the unloaded specimens. An exponential function is proposed to quantify the autogenous shrinkage effect on the basic tensile creep in terms of specific creep/autogenous shrinkage ratio.     

Experimental study on yield behavior of Daqing crude oil

The yield behavior of Daqing crude oil was studied by means of multi-mode controlled-stress tests with a high-precision stress controlled rheometer. Two experiments of creep and constant stress loading rate were performed. The yield stress of gelled crude oil was dependent on the test conditions such as the stress loading time and the stress loading rate, but the yield strain did not change with test conditions. The yield strain did exist objectively and it can be used as the criterion for the yielding of the structure of gelled crude oil. The yield strain of gelled oil was studied through experiments of creep, constant stress loading rate, oscillatory shear stress increase, and constant shear rate. The yield strain of gelled crude oil decreased with the increasing gel strength. The experiment of constant speed increase of stress showed the strain softening phenomena for low gel strength oil.     

Applied creep theory for bodies with anisotropy due to plastic prestrain

Plastic strains in structures at the stages of manufacturing, testing, and approaching the operation regime cause anisotropic variations in the mechanical properties of materials, including creep strength. We consider the following special but practically important class of loading processes for originally isotropic materials: a simple active plastic strain is followed by a long-term steady-state loading within the elastic limits. To describe the second stage, we present the creep strain deviator in the form of an additive orthogonal decomposition in the directions of the repeated loading and the vector anisotropy. The coefficients in the decomposition are material functions of time, of the intensities of the preliminary and repeated loadings, and of the angle between the directions of these loadings. We obtain conditions on the material functions under which, at any given time instant, there is a one-to-one continuous correspondence between the stress and strain tensors for the model proposed and the boundary-value problem in the generalized statement has a unique solution; we also prove the convergence of the iteration method of elastic solutions used to find this unique solution. The model is identified according to the creep diagrams (under steady-state stresses of different values) determined for the material in the original state and after the plastic prestrain at an angle (zero, extended, and intermediate) to the direction of the repeated loading. We show that our results are in good agreement with the results available in the literature concerning experiments in this class of processes for stainless steel at high temperature. We propose an engineering version of the theory in which only the experimental data for uniaxial tension are used. We discuss the versions of the model for the cases in which the plastic preloading is cyclic (one-dimensional or circular) and the repeated loading is unsteady.     

Modelling creep tests in HMPE fibres used in ultra-deep-sea mooring ropes

Due to its low density and high strength, HMPE (high modulus polyethylene) fibres are being increasingly used in synthetic ropes for offshore mooring. Nevertheless, the occurrence of creep at sea temperature can be a shortcoming for its practical use. Creep tests performed at different load levels in a sub-system of the HMPE rope (yarn) are frequently used as a first step to obtain some information about the susceptibility to creep deformation at a given temperature. The present paper is concerned with the phenomenological modelling of creep tests in HMPE yarns. In this macroscopic approach, besides the classical variables (stress, total strain), an additional scalar variable related with the damage induced by creep process is introduced. An evolution law is proposed for this damage variable. The predicted lifetimes and elongations of HMPE specimens in creep tests at different load levels and room temperature are compared with experimental results showing a good agreement.     

钢筋混凝土箱梁非线性及剪滞效应的试验研究

制作了钢筋混凝土简支箱梁模型,试验包括模型梁开裂范围内的加载及开裂后的加载。在开裂范围内,对该试验梁分别进行了顶板满布均布荷载、均布荷载作用于肋板上方、集中力作用于跨中以及对称集中力作用下的加载;对开裂后的试验梁,进行了对称集中力作用下的加载。用应变采集仪与电脑连接,并用半桥测量,温度自补偿方法测取应变值,采用百分表测试梁体挠度,采用读数显微镜观测裂缝。测量得到应力、应变的分布规律,验证了钢筋混凝土箱梁中存在剪滞效应。试验结果与考虑混凝土非线性的有限段法的计算结果吻合较好,验证了有限段法在混凝土箱梁剪滞效应分析中的适用性。     

预静态加载后的混凝土动态受压特性试验

进行了混凝土在应变速率分别为10-5/s、10-4/s、10-3/s的条件下,经历极限抗压强度分别为0、40%、60%、75%和85%的单调荷载作用的动态单轴压缩试验,在此基础上分析了经历不同单调加载历史和应变速率下混凝土的峰值应力、峰值应变和弹性模量的变化规律。试验结果表明,随着应变速率的提高,动态单轴抗压强度明显增加;当单调加载应力水平高于某一应力阈值时,混凝土极限抗压强度明显降低;混凝土弹性模量随着应变速率的提高而增加,随着单调加载幅值的增加表现出先增大后减小的趋势;混凝土峰值应变随着应变速率的提高而增加,随着单调加载幅值的增加而减少。     

高强混凝土热-力响应的断裂相场分析方法研究

高强混凝土(High-Strength Concrete, HSC)的力学性能受温度影响较大,尤其在高温环境下性能衰退剧烈,因此在结构分析中宜采用随温度变化的材料性能参数．断裂相场方法基于Griffith变分断裂准则,无需复杂的裂纹拓展追踪技术便可处理多裂纹的问题,可方便地模拟裂纹的萌生、扩展、分岔及汇合过程．本文采用适宜进行结构断裂分析的断裂相场方法,基于能量泛函变分原理,将温度对混凝土材料弹性模量及断裂能的影响引入断裂相场分析方法中,用于高强混凝土高温环境下的强度和破坏分析．以高温作用下高强混凝土梁三点弯曲试验为算例,进行方法验证,通过与实测结果对比,证实了算法的有效性．     

基于分形理论的高强混凝土动态损伤本构关系

基于高强混凝土（HSC）试块在SHPB冲击实验中的分形损伤演化规律,推导了HSC的分形损伤变量表达式,标定了HSC裂纹的分形维数范围。然后参考ZWT模型,并结合HSC实验过程中的应变率相关性、动态损伤特性及近似恒应变率,推导了分形损伤演化的HSC动态损伤本构方程。采用4组应变率工况下的C60、C80混凝土应力-应变曲线对本构方程进行验证,理论曲线和实验曲线吻合较好。