45#钢渗硼层的脆性对其耐磨性的影响

利用ＭＭ－２００ 型磨损试验机研究了固体硼铬稀土共渗降低渗硼层脆性对其磨损特性的影响,同时对磨损机理进行了分析．结果表明：当脆性下降４２．８％ 时,渗硼层的耐粘着磨损、磨粒磨损和疲劳磨损性能分别提高０．２６～０．６０、０．２７～０．８０ 和０．８６～１．１６ 倍;脆性的降低使渗硼层在压应力和切应力下的压痕断裂、柱状晶折断和浅层剥落现象明显减轻．     

具有水平流动的Rayleigh-Benard对流斑图

本文利用数值模拟,探讨了普朗特数 时有水平流动的Rayleigh-Benard对流结构．当水平流动强度 时,发现定常对流的多重稳定性．当 时,Rayleigh-Benard(RB)对流中存在三种对流斑图．它们的出现依赖于水平流动强度 和相对瑞利数 ．与 相比,在 时的行波具有不同的动力学特性．     

地球物理流体动力学的发展和室内实验研究的影响

系统介绍了大气、海洋与新兴的地质系统中的流体力学,尤其是通过室内实验的研究进展．详细描述了诸如羽流、湍流、卷挟、异重流、海洋环流、混合层、双扩散、盐指、锋面、岩浆库、地幔对流、板块运动、热斑等有趣的地球物理现象,它们对于了解因浮力引起的对流的机理是十分重要的．同时在气候、环境、灾害、成矿等领域有广泛的应用．论文反映了在 Ｇ．Ｉ． Ｔａｙｌｏｒ, Ｇ．Ｋ． Ｂａｔｃｈｅｌｏｒ领导下剑桥研究组的风格──通过小型室内实验了解机理,再用应用数学方法求解问题,他们对流体力学的发展作出了重大贡献．     

The existence of the solution for linear complementary problem

ＴＨＥＥＸＩＳＴＥＮＣＥＯＦＴＨＥＳＯＬＵＴＩＯＮＦＯＲＬＩＮＥＡＲＣＯＭＰＬＥＭＥＮＴＡＲＹＰＲＯＢＬＥＭＫｏｕＳｈｕｓｈｕｎ（寇述舜）（Ｄｅｐｔ．ＯｆＭａｔｈ．．ＴｉａｎｌｉｎＵｎｉｖｅｒｓｉｔｙ．Ｔｉａｎｊｉｎ．３０００７２,．Ｐ．Ｒ．Ｃｈｉｎ...     

航天结构热力力学的任务和应用

本文给出航天结构热力力学的应用背景和工作任务．首先讨论它的先决条件:载荷谱和材料特征．其次介绍一些典型的热力力学结构:再入热防护系统,轨道空间结构,以及碳纤维增强复合材料板件．然后,介绍热力力学的工作内容:热分析,经典结构分析,热损伤力学,以及热力力学耦合和结构试验．最后为简单展望．      

关于虚位移与虚位移原理──分析力学扎记之一

不用可能位移的术语,只用虚位移的术语．虚位移原理作为公理不需证明．给虚位移原理以全面正确的表述．     

推导材料不同$K_t $中值疲劳曲线的损伤力学方法

从损伤力学出发,得到材料的中值疲劳曲线表达式．通过分析,得到了影响材料S-N曲线的材质参数及其相互关系．通过升降法和成组法试验,获得K_t=1．0时对应材料的中值疲劳曲线,即材质参数．在此基础上,只需通过升降法得到任意应力集中系数K_t下的疲劳极限,即可得到该应力集中下对应的中值疲劳曲线．     

时间尺度上Hamilton系统的Noether理论

提出并研究时间尺度上Hamilton系统的Noether对称性与守恒量问题．建立了时间尺度上Hamilton原理,导出了相应的Hamilton正则方程．基于时间尺度上Hamilton作用量在群的无限小变换下的不变性,建立了时间尺度上Hamilton系统的Noether定理．定理的证明分成两步：第一步,在时间不变的无限小变换群下给出证明;第二步,利用时间重新参数化技术得到了一般无限小变换群下的定理．给出了经典和离散两种情况下Hamilton系统的Noether守恒量．文末举例说明结果的应用．     

湍流中的层次结构和标度律

湍流是由各种不同尺度、不同幅度和不同相干度的层次结构组成的．在从积分尺度到耗散尺度连续分布的每个尺度上,都存在具有最大振幅和最高相干度的结构──最强间歇结构．幅度较小的结构按照一定的层次对称关系与最强间歇结构相联系．这就是连接多尺度和多幅度脉动结构的层次结构模型（She和Leveque,Phys．Rev．Lett,1994;72,336）．本文对湍流层次结构理论的内容、基本观念及其新发展进行了一些综述和讨论,希望对国内的湍流基础研究能起一定的推动作用．      

平地机牵引架等效加载分析

为研究平地机牵引架的作业负载,分析了平地机最大牵引力及平地机铲刀作用阻力．通过研究工作装置各部件间的运动幅关系,构建了工作装置机构运动简图,建立了工作装置运动坐标系．利用空间坐标系变换理论,将等效铲刀工作负载施加于牵引架上．基于Mechanical APDL及有限元分析理论,对牵引架的Pro/E实体模型进行网格划分．以平地机受最大牵引力作用时的铲刀斜向刮土为例,进行了牵引架静力强度分析．结果表明,牵引架强度在许用强度范围内,经等效加载后的牵引架应力分布与工程实际相符．该工作负载等效方法有效并可简化复杂工况的牵引架受载分析．     

Thermoelastic interactions without energy dissipation in an unbounded body with a spherical cavity subjected to harmonically varying temperature

The present work is concerned with the thermally induced vibration in a homogeneous and isotropic unbounded body with a spherical cavity. The Green and Nagdhi model of thermoelasticity without energy dissipation is employed. The closed form solutions for distributions of displacement, temperature and stresses are obtained. The solutions valid in the case of small frequency are deduced and the results are compared with the corresponding results obtained in other generalized thermoelasticity theories. Numerical results applicable to a copper-like material are also presented graphically and the nature of variations of the physical quantities with radial coordinate and with frequency of vibration is analyzed.     

基于应变能准则优化模型的骨骼重建数值模拟

将骨骼重建的适应性弹性理论及参考应变能理论与结构优化及有限元方法结合,建立了基于应变能准则优化模型的骨骼重建数值模拟方法,研究骨骼内部重建的机理和规律。以单元应变能密度为刺激源,由内部材料的分布变化来模拟骨重建的过程和规律。通过对股骨头重建的数值模拟,取得了与临床实验相符的结果,也证实了骨结构形态是对力学环境的最佳适应,定量地反映了力学刺激对骨骼重建的影响,得到了符合骨骼重建规律的结论。     

Asymptotic solutions for the asymmetric flow in a channel with porous retractable walls under a transverse magnetic field

The self-similarity solutions of the Navier-Stokes equations are constructed for an incompressible laminar flow through a uniformly porous channel with retractable walls under a transverse magnetic field. The flow is driven by the expanding or contracting walls with different permeability. The velocities of the asymmetric flow at the upper and lower walls are different in not only the magnitude but also the direction. The asymptotic solutions are well constructed with the method of boundary layer correction in two cases with large Reynolds numbers, i.e., both walls of the channel are with suction, and one of the walls is with injection while the other one is with suction. For small Reynolds number cases, the double perturbation method is used to construct the asymptotic solution. All the asymptotic results are finally verified by numerical results.     

Non-linear forced periodic oscillations of laminates with curved fibres by the shooting method

Large-amplitude forced vibration, before damage onset, of variable stiffness composite laminated plates with curvilinear fibres are studied. The fibre paths considered change linearly in relation to one Cartesian coordinate. The plates are rectangular and with clamped edges. The displacement field is modelled by a third order shear deformation theory and the equations of motion, in the time domain, are obtained using a p-version finite element method. The in-plane inertia is neglected, still taking into consideration the in-plane displacements, and the model is statically condensed. The condensed model is transformed to modal coordinates in order to have a reduced model with a smaller number of degrees-of-freedom. A shooting method using fifth-order Runge–Kutta method, as well as adaptive stepsize control, is used to find periodic solutions of the equations of motion. Frequency-response curves of composite laminates with different curvilinear fibre angles and various thicknesses are plotted and compared. Tsai–Wu criterion is employed in order to predict the damage onset. When it is detected that damaged started, the continuation method is interrupted and no further points of the response curve are computed. The reason behind this interruption is that the model does not include the effects of damage. Examples of bifurcations are presented and studied in detail, using projections of trajectories in a phase plane and Fourier spectra. The time histories and frequency spectra of steady-state stresses are plotted for VSCL plates with different fibre angles. The steady-state stresses are also displayed for bifurcated branches of the solutions.     

Plane stress state problems for notched bodies whose plastic properties depend on the form of the stress state

We consider one possible approach to the problem of describing the dependence of material plastic strain characteristics on the stress hydrostatic component arising in many porous, fractured, and other inhomogeneous materials. The plastic strain of the media under study is investigated under the plasticity assumption in the corresponding generalized form with the use of the form parameter of the stress state. The plasticity constitutive relations are stated on the basis of the plastic flow law associated with the accepted plasticity condition. For the conditions of plane stress state in the framework of the material rigid-plastic model, a system of partial differential equations is obtained and conditions for its hyperbolicity are determined. The relations for determining the stress fields and velocity fields in plastic domains are obtained, and their properties are investigated. The problem of tension of a strip with symmetric angular notches is solved, where the stress fields are determined and the continuous displacement rate field is constructed. The problem of uniform symmetric tension of a plane with a circular hole is considered. The stress fields in a strip with symmetric circular notches are examined. A comparison with solutions for plastically incompressible media whose properties are invariant with respect to the form of the stress state is performed.     

Experimental and numerical investigation of a viscoplastic Carbopol gel injected into a prototype 3D mold cavity

A numerical model for free-surface flow of a viscoplastic liquid into a cavity is presented. This flow is regarded as a basic model of injection molding, which is a widely used processing technology. Model experiments of the injection process are performed with a water-based gel with shear-thinning behavior. The filling process is visualized by tracing the free surface of the gel within the cavity. Filling times of the cavity are deduced from the experimental observations. The filling process is also analyzed by means of numerical simulation.The flow equations are integrated according to the finite-volume method. The volume-of-fluid method is employed in order to describe the flow of two incompressible, immiscible phases, the phase interface is resolved by the method of geometric reconstruction or alternatively by the method of surface compression. The Herschel–Bulkley model is used in order to describe the shear-thinning behavior of the gel and the effects of a yielding point. The governing equations of the flow are solved by means of the commercial code Fluent as well as the Open Source code OpenFOAM.The results of the numerical simulations are analyzed in detail. They are compared with the experimental findings. Cavity filling times in the experiments and the simulations are in good agreement. Different patterns of the filling flow depending on the injection parameters are evident in the experiments and the simulations. They are characterized and arranged with respect to the similarity parameters of the flow configuration. Again, the results of the simulation are found to agree well with the experimental observations.     

基于断裂力学理论的表面淬火齿轮疲劳寿命的数值计算

基于二维线性断裂力学理论，提出了一种表面淬火齿轮的弯曲疲劳寿命预测方法，并开发了相应的计算程序。在程序中，用权函数法估计应力强度因子，运算速度快，节省了计算时间。在估计应力强度因子时，考虑了热处理后产生的残余应力的影响。用开发的软件对表面淬火齿轮的弯曲疲劳寿命作了预测，并与试验数据进行了比较。预测值与试验结果基本相符，特别是高应力时，二者符合的更好。     

Nonlinear forced vibrations of rotating anisotropic beams

This work deals with forced vibration of nonlinear rotating anisotropic beams with uniform cross sections. Coupling the Galerkin method with the balance harmonic method, the nonlinear intrinsic and geometrically exact equations of motion for anisotropic beams subjected to large displacements, are converted into a static formulation. This latter is treated with two continuation methods. The first one is the asymptotic-numerical method, where power series expansions and Padé approximants are used to represent the generalized vector of displacement and the frequency. The second one is the pseudo-arclength continuation method. Numerical tests dealing with isotropic and anisotropic beams are considered. The natural frequencies obtained for prismatic beams are compared with the literature. Response curves are obtained and the nonlinearity is investigated for various geometrical conditions, excitation amplitudes and kinematical conditions. The nonlinearity related to the angular speed for prismatic isotropic beam is thus identified. The stability of the solution branch is examined, in the frequency domain using the Floquet theory.     

Solution of the planar Newtonian stick–slip problem with the singular function boundary integral method

A singular function boundary integral method (SFBIM) is proposed for solving biharmonic problems with boundary singularities. The method is applied to the Newtonian stick–slip flow problem. The streamfunction is approximated by the leading terms of the local asymptotic solution expansion which are also used to weight the governing biharmonic equation in the Galerkin sense. By means of the divergence theorem the discretized equations are reduced to boundary integrals. The Dirichlet boundary conditions are weakly enforced by means of Lagrange multipliers, the values of which are calculated together with the singular coefficients. The method converges very fast with the number of singular functions and the number of Lagrange multipliers, and accurate estimates of the leading singular coefficients are obtained. Comparisons with the analytical solution and results obtained with other numerical methods are also made. Copyright © 2005 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.