多孔压电分流超材料及其带隙特性研究

设计了一种新型多孔压电分流超材料构型,以单、双孔元胞构型为例,研究了其带隙特性和有限周期振动传递特性,并与未开孔压电分流超材料板进行了对比分析。计算结果表明:与未开孔压电超材料相比,两种构型在低频处的压电局域共振带隙频率更低,带宽变窄,且均会在高频范围内出现额外带隙,随着孔宽δ的增大,额外带隙数量逐渐增多;对应特定的孔宽δ的两种元胞构型均产生带宽大于1kHz的超宽带隙。该构型结合了压电分流超材料和声子晶体的特点,与传统未开孔压电分流超材料相比,具备低频和高频同时抑振的特性。     

力-压电混合弹性超材料梁的带隙调节特性

为实现宽带低频减振,本文将力振子和串联负电容的压电分流振子分别置于基体上下两侧,设计了混合弹性超材料梁。基于传递矩阵法建立了理论模型,用于计算混合弹性超材料梁的频散关系和动态有效参数,通过有限元法进行了验证。分别采用理论方法和数值方法研究了电路元件参数对混合弹性超材料梁的带隙和振动衰减特性的调节机理,通过与单振子超材料的带隙对比,分析了两种振子间的相互影响。结果表明：电路元件参数主要影响压电分流振子产生的带隙的位置、宽度及带隙内的振动衰减程度;两种振子的带隙重叠区域不一定为通带;两种振子会因为负动态有效刚度范围靠近而相互影响。本研究将为此类超材料的设计提供参考依据。     

二维格栅材料带隙特性分析与设计

周期性材料或结构常表现出阻断特定频段的波传播的特异性质(带隙性质), 通过合理设计可以调整带隙的位置和带宽等, 带隙材料在滤波、导波、隔音、隔振等方面有 巨大的应用潜力. 据此背景, 研究了材料微结构构型对带隙性质的影响. 分析和比较了三角 形、米字形、四边形、六边形、反六边形、Kagome 形和钻石形等7种典型拓扑构形格栅材料的带隙性质与弹性波在其中的局部衰减特性, 提出 了可表征特定带隙性质的目标函数, 从而对不同构型的材料进行选优; 进一步得到并数值验 证了材料微结构中几何参数对带隙性质的影响规律, 为通过改变构型几何参数设计具有特定 性质的带隙材料提供参考.     

最优二维固/固声子晶体带隙特性研究

声子晶体是一种具有弹性波带隙特性的周期性复合材料,其带隙特性受单胞拓扑形状的影响.通过拓扑优化技术,能够突破传统设计方法的局限,实现对声子晶体的主动设计.论文基于遗传算法和改进的平面波展开法,通过两阶段的优化过程,得到具有最大相对带隙的二维铜/环氧树脂声子晶体结构,并进一步研究不同带隙最优声子晶体单胞拓扑形状及其带隙特性.结果表明,利用所开发的带隙优化程序,能够得到满足带隙要求的具有全局最优的声子晶体结构;声子晶体最低带隙所对应的单胞是简单晶格结构,其散射体形状简单,而且对应的带隙频率最低,相对带隙最大,对于隔音减振最有实用价值.     

包裹层结构对轻质声子晶体低频振动带隙的影响

基于局域共振机理提出新型轻质声子晶体包裹层结构设计方法。借助有限元法,计算新型声子晶体能带结构、本征模态,分析包裹层总缺口度数一定时不同包裹层缺口数量及布置位置对第一完全带隙截止频率的影响;设计包裹层与散射体连接形式为线连接与点连接两种新型声子晶体模型,分别得到起始频率为37.4Hz及19.0Hz的第一完全带隙,分析第一完全带隙起始频率处散射体本征模态,揭示新型声子晶体极低第一完全带隙起始频率产生机理;进而,与传统面连接型声子晶体通过增加散射体质量降低第一完全带隙起始频率的方法对比。研究结果表明,包裹层总缺口度数一定时,采用缺口数量更多且缺口位置距离连接短板更大的包裹层布置形式能得到更宽的第一完全带隙;提出的包裹层与散射体线连接与点连接型声子晶体在获得极低第一完全带隙起始频率的同时,显著降低了声子晶体质量,突破了传统声子晶体通过增加散射体质量降低第一完全带隙起始频率的限制,为轻质声子晶体获得极低局域共振带隙起始频率的研究设计提供了参考。     

分级周期梁结构的振动带隙特性优化研究

针对分级周期梁结构,进行了振动带隙特性优化研究,以期提高结构的减振性能。采用谱元法计算分级周期梁的频响曲线,并结合传递矩阵法计算结构的色散关系,将两种方法相结合来研究结构的振动带隙特性。构建带隙占比函数作为优化目标函数,将单胞结构的尺寸作为优化参数进行带隙特性优化。经过优化,使得在研究频段内带隙特性大大提高。通过与有限元法和振动实验相对比,验证了谱元法计算和优化结果的正确性。研究内容对于提高周期结构的振动带隙特性和减振应用提供有益参考。     

可重构力学超材料的设计与波动特性研究

力学超材料中的弯曲梁双稳态结构由于其主动调控性强且调控精度高等优点近年来受到广泛关注. 文章利用中心受压弯曲梁的不稳定性设计了六角型双稳态结构, 首先建立了等效弯曲梁模型, 基于梁变形微分方程及能量最低原理探明了结构双稳态特性的产生基理, 之后利用有限元数值计算研究了结构几何参数对其整体力学性能的影响, 分别得到了具备自恢复及双稳态性能的结构几何参数范围, 绘制了几何参数与力学性能之间的相图. 同时, 可重构结构的可控变形能力有助于调整整体的色散特性, 利用数值仿真研究了具备双稳态特性的结构在拉伸和压缩两种构型下的色散关系, 对比分析了不同结构几何参数及构型转变对结构产生的带隙位置及范围的影响, 之后对由不同构型单胞组成的周期性结构进行了频响分析来验证带隙计算的准确性. 通过六角型可重构结构的力学特性、色散特性研究及频响分析表明可以通过结构几何参数的设计实现对结构整体性能的主动调控, 为可逆向设计的弹性波超材料结构研究分析提供了一条可靠路径.      

桁架材料弹性波带隙特性分析

研究了弹性波在周期性桁架材料中的传播特性,并根据桁架材料的周期性特点和杆纵向振动模态,给出了基于单胞的桁架材料弹性波色散(dispersion)方程。分析了1维和2维问题的色散特性,研究了相应的弹性波带隙性质;以CAE分析软件为工具平台对桁架材料的带隙特性进行了数值仿真实验,给出了基于谐响应和特征频率变化特征的仿真实验方法。仿真实验确认了所分析的桁架材料的带隙特性,同时说明所用的仿真实验方法是可行的。     

两种五零能模式材料单胞构型及其性能分析

五零能模式材料是一种新型的人工超材料,虽属于弹性材料,但组成其单胞的特殊构型使其宏观静态表现为仅能承载一种受力状态,动态表现为仅能传播一种弹性波.论文首先构造了两种五零能模式材料的单胞构型,其具有不同的弹性特性,其中一种材料可传播弹性膨胀波,另一种可传播弹性剪切波.然后分别采用代表体元法和渐近均匀化法分析这两种单胞的等效弹性模量.五零能模式材料的分析分为两步更直观,开始从单胞桁架模型入手,检验单胞构型是否满足五零能模式的定义,然后分析单胞实体模型,考察单胞构型的结构参数与其等效弹性模量的关系.研究表明对于这种低密度弹性材料的分析,代表体元法更适合.     

蜂窝材料的弹性波传播特性

通过研究蜂窝材料的弹性波频散关系，分析了其弹性波传播特性. 采用基于小波理论的 分析方法，将材料参数和位移均展开为双正交周期小波基函数的形式，利用Bloch定理将波 动方程转化为特征值方程，求解该方程得到3种典型结构------正方、三角与六角排列的铝 (Al)和聚丙烯(PP)蜂窝材料的频散关系，并进行了比较分析. 结果显示：结构形式的不 同显著地影响其波动特性，而制作材料的不同则没有影响；3种结构形式都不存在完全带隙， 但正方和三角形结构在一定的传播方向范围内存在方向带隙，而六角形结构则在任何方向都 不存在方向带隙；与正方结构相比，三角结构在相同孔隙率下，在更广的传播方向内和更低 的频率下，能产生较宽的方向带隙.     

Complete band gaps in two-dimensional piezoelectric phononic crystals with {1–3} connectivity family

In this paper, we present results of full band structures for two-dimensional piezoelectric phononic crystals with {1–3} connectivity family. The plane-wave-expansion (PWE) method is applied to the theoretical derivation of secular equations of the two polarization modes: a transverse polarization mode and a mixed (longitudinal-transverse) polarization mode. And the band structures of the two modes for both the case of piezoelectric rods embedded in a polymer matrix and the case of polymer rods embedded in a piezoelectric matrix are calculated for two different cross-sections of the rods, i.e., circular and square, considering the practical fabrication of phononic crystals. We reveal the existence of several very large complete band gaps in a material of practical interest such as PZT rods reinforced polythene composite. The effects of shapes and filling fraction of the rods on band gaps are discussed in detail. The existence of these gaps in relation to the physical parameters of the constituent materials involved is studied. Understanding the band structures of piezoelectric phononic crystals can give some information for improvements in the design of acoustic transducers.     

WAVE PROPAGATION IN TWO-DIMENSIONAL DISORDERED PIEZOELECTRIC PHONONIC CRYSTALS

The wave propagation is studied in two-dimensional disordered piezoelectric phononic crystals using the finite-difference time-domain （FDTD） method. For different cases of disorder, the transmission coefficients are calculated. The influences of disorders on band gaps are investigated. The results show that the disorder in the piezoelectric phononic crystals has more significant influences on the band gap in the low frequency regions than in the high frequency ones. The relation between the width of band gap and the direction of position disorder is also discussed. When the position disorder is along the direction perpendicular to the wave transmission, the piezoelectric phononic crystals have wider band gaps at low frequency regions than the case of position disorder being along the wave transmission direction. It can also be found that the effect of. size disorder on band gaps is analogous to that of location disorder. When the perturbation coefficient is big, it has more pronounced effects on the pass bands in the piezoelectric phononic crystals with both size and location disorders than in the piezoelectric phononic crystals with single disorder. In higher frequency regions the piezoelectric effect reduces the transmission coefficients. But for larger disorder degree, the effects of the piezoelectricity will be reduced.     

INFLUENCES OF ANISOTROPY ON BAND GAPS OF 2D PHONONIC CRYSTAL

Band gaps of 2D phononic crystal with orthotropic cylindrical fillers embedded in the isotropic host are studied in this paper. Two kinds of periodic structures, namely, the square lattice and the triangle lattice, are considered. For anisotropic phononic crystal, band gaps not only depend on the periodic lattice but also the angle between the symmetry axis of orthotropic material and that of the periodic structure. Rotating these cylindrical fillers makes the angle changing continuously; as a result, pass bands and forbidden bands of the phononic crystal are changed. The plane wave expansion method is used to reduce the band gap problem to an eigenvalue problem. The numerical example is given for YBCO/Epoxy composites. The location and the width of band gaps are estimated for different rotating angles. The influence of anisotropy on band gaps is discussed based on numerical results.     

ELASTIC WAVE LOCALIZATION IN TWO-DIMENSIONAL PHONONIC CRYSTALS WITH ONE-DIMENSIONAL QUASI-PERIODICITY AND RANDOM DISORDER

The band structures of both in-plane and anti-plane elastic waves propagating in two-dimensional ordered and disordered （in one direction） phononic crystals are studied in this paper. The localization of wave propagation due to random disorder is discussed by introducing the concept of the localization factor that is calculated by the plane-wave-based transfer-matrix method. By treating the quasi-periodicity as the deviation from the periodicity in a special way, two kinds of quasi phononic crystal that has quasi-periodicity （Fibonacci sequence） in one direction and translational symmetry in the other direction are considered and the band structures are characterized by using localization factors. The results show that the localization factor is an effective parameter in characterizing the band gaps of two-dimensional perfect, randomly disordered and quasi-periodic phononic crystals. Band structures of the phononic crystals can be tuned by different random disorder or changing quasi-periodic parameters. The quasi phononic crystals exhibit more band gaps with narrower width than the ordered and randomly disordered systems.     

Local resonance phononic band gaps in modified two-dimensional lattice materials

In this paper,modified two-dimensional periodic lattice materials with local resonance phononic bandgaps are designed and investigated.The design concept isto introduce some auxiliary structures into conventional periodic lattice materials.Elastic wave propagation in this kindof modified two-dimensional lattice materials is studied using a combination of Bloch’s theorem with finite elementmethod.The calculated frequency band structures of illustrative modified square lattice materials reveal the existenceof frequency band gaps in the low frequency region due tothe introduction of the auxiliary structures.The mechanismunderlying the occurrence of these frequency band gaps isthoroughly discussed and natural resonances of the auxiliarystructures are validated to be the origin.The effect of geometric parameters of the auxiliary structures on the width ofthe local resonance phononic band gaps is explored.Finally,a conceptual broadband vibration-insulating structure basedon the modified lattice materials is designed and its capability is demonstrated.The present work is anticipated to beuseful in designing structures which can insulate mechanicalvibrations within desired frequency ranges.     

Mechanically tunable phononic band gaps in three-dimensional periodic elastomeric structures

Three-dimensional periodic structures have many applications in acoustics and their properties are strongly related to structural details. Here we demonstrate through simulations the ability to tune the phononic band gaps of 3D periodic elastomeric structures using deformation. The elastomeric nature of the material makes the transformation of the band gaps a reversible and repeatable process, providing avenues for the design of tunable 3D phononic crystals such as sonic switches.     

随机声子晶体不确定性分析的直接概率积分法

由于制造工艺存在大量不确定因素，声子晶体材料属性不可避免地具有随机不确定性，使得声子晶体的物理响应呈现随机性，进而对声子晶体的减振降噪性能造成不利影响。如果采用传统的蒙特卡洛方法对随机声子晶体的物理响应进行不确定性量化，则计算代价昂贵。为此，本文基于高效的直接概率积分法对含随机材料参数的声子晶体开展不确定性量化研究。首先，在直接概率积分法框架下，对随机声子晶体能带结构的上下边界频率、带隙宽度和频率响应函数进行了不确定性量化，考察了随机参数大变异性对声子晶体带隙宽度的影响。然后，建立了声子晶体减振降噪可靠度计算公式，对考虑随机不确定性影响下的声子晶体减振降噪性能进行了定量评估。通过与蒙特卡洛方法比较，两个算例验证了直接概率积分法在随机声子晶体不确定性传播和减振降噪可靠性评估中的准确性和高效性。最后，基于直接概率积分法对局域共振型随机声子晶体进行了可靠度分析。结果表明，橡胶材料的随机性对局域共振型声子晶体减振降噪性能有较大影响。     

Propagation of bending waves in phononic crystal thin plates with a point defect

In this paper, the band structures of bending waves in a phononic crystal thin plate with a point defect are studied using an improved plane wave expansion method combined with the supercell technique. In particular, a phononic crystal thin plate composed of an array of circular crystalline Al₂O₃ cylinders embedded in an epoxy matrix with a square lattice is considered in detail. Full band gaps are shown. When a point defect is introduced, the bending waves are highly localized at or near the defect, resulting in defect modes. The frequency and number of the defect modes are strongly dependent on the filling fraction of the system and the size of the point defect. The defect bands appear from the upper edge of the gap and move to the middle of the gap as the defect size is reduced. For a given defect, the frequencies of the defect bands increase as the filling fraction increases.     

PHONONIC BAND GAPS IN TWO-DIMENSIONAL HYBRID TRIANGULAR LATTICE

<正>Absolute phononic band gaps can be substantially improved in two-dimensional lattices by using a symmetry reduction approach.In this paper,the propagation of elastic waves in a two-dimensional hybrid triangular lattice structure consisting of stainless steel cylinders in air is investigated theoretically.The band structure is calculated with the plane wave expansion (PWE)method.The hybrid triangular Bravais lattice is formed by two kinds of triangular lattices. Different from ordinary triangular lattices,the band gap opens at low frequency(between the first and the second bands)regime because of lifting the bands degeneracy at high symmetry points of the Brillouin zone.The location and width of the band gaps can be tuned by the position of the additional rods.