基于轴承边界元法的轧机圆锥滚子轴承的载荷研究

采用边界元法对高度非线性的滚动轴承接触问题进行了研究。利用轴承边界单元模拟轴承接触单元,采用赫兹接触理论对滚动体与轴承内外圈的接触宽度进行修正;根据轧机圆锥滚子轴承安装配合时轴承内圈与轧辊、轴承外圈与轴承座均采用松配合的特点,在多物体有摩擦弹性接触的边界元法基础上,编制了四物体有摩擦弹性接触的专用轴承边界元法计算程序;并对轧机四列圆锥滚子轴承进行了数值分析,验证了算法的可行性和有效性。结果表明:四列滚动体上圆锥滚子小端受较大的压力,且滚动体端部压力远大于中部压力;滚动体承受的轴向压力与四列圆锥轴承的锥度分布一致,最大应力出现在第一列滚动体靠近辊身侧的位置;各个滚动体的接触宽度与滚动体上承受的径向载荷分布规律一致,非轴承接触面所受载荷的分布与承受载荷的滚动体的位置相对应。     

流体晃动时域双协边界元法分析

利用双协边界元法在时域内对流体晃动问题进行分析,推导出边界积分方程及相应的边界条件。分析过程中考虑流体的粘性,自由面上的动力学条件为法向正应力和切向剪应力为零。固壁面上采用流体质点与固壁质点速度相等的条件。时域的离散采用差分法,并利用时间步迭代,逐步追踪流体自由面,在流体的不断变动的边界上考虑其边界条件。数值结果表明本文的双协边界元法是可行的。     

复杂载荷三维裂纹分析双重边界元法

提出可用于高温、高转速状态下的热动力机械三维含裂构件热弹性分析方法——双重边界元法.首先建立了考虑温度及离心载荷的双重边界积分方程组,并对边界积分方程组的选取及适用范围进行了讨论。然后提出角非快调元模型离散技术。接着提出超奇异积分方程分析去除奇异性方法及数值积分技术.数值算例表明计算结果与有关权函数解十分吻合,说明了用双重边界元法计算复杂载荷条件下三维应力强度因子的有效性.还讨论了有关热应力强度因子权函数解的适用范围.     

高速滚动轴承滑蹭试验系统研制

为研究高速、超高速条件下精密滚动轴承打滑蹭伤机理,自行设计并研制高速滚动轴承滑蹭试验系统.该系统可以通过调节影响高速滚动轴承打滑蹭伤的各种滑差组合因素,用以模拟滚动体与内外圈的动态接触情况,进而分析高速滚动轴承的滑蹭机理.详细介绍了系统的工作原理、系统构成及其主要功能.以圆柱滚子轴承滑蹭试验为例,初步研究了滑差率、内圈转速、径向载荷、润滑状况等滑差组合因素作用下高速滚动轴承的滑蹭规律,验证了该系统的可行性与有效性.本文所开发的试验系统简单便捷,易于扩展,可为未来超高速、超精密滚动轴承设计提供一定的参考与支持.     

滚子轴承系统多体接触问题的子结构有限元分析

1.引言 滚动轴承接触负荷分布的计算在轴承理论和应用中占有重要地位。当将壳体、轴承的外圈、滚动体、内圈和轴看成是组成轴承系统的基本要素时,这就是个多体接触问题。 弹性接触问题属于局部非线性问题,这是由系统的接触状态不能事先确定而引起的。随着接触体个数的增多,接触状态就变得更为复杂。对此问题本文用子结构有限元进行了分     

双列圆锥滚子轴承滚子大端-引导边润滑接触分析

针对铁路客车中使用的双列圆锥滚子轴承,发展了一个系统的计算模型以模拟滚子大端与引导边间的润滑接触状态.首先通过理论分析确定滚子大端与内圈挡边的接触点位置和滚动体的自转与公转转速,分别得出二者在接触点的滑动速度;然后考虑滚子的离心力,通过求解内圈位移控制方程,计算轴承的载荷分布,并分别求出滚子与外滚道、内滚道以及引导边的作用力;最后建立润滑分析模型,对圆锥滚子大端与引导边的接触进行润滑分析计算,实现滚子大端与引导边接触的润滑模拟,并研究了滚子大端球面半径、工况条件等对润滑性能的影响.     

自由落体下的滚动轴承冲击载荷

首先分析了滚动轴承的弹性接触变形能,根据能量守恒原理,提出了轴承变形能与自由落体势能守恒的关联方程,并完成了对轴承冲击动载荷的数值求解. 对于实践中常见的缓冲弹簧-轴承系统,根据弹簧和轴承的刚度比来确定它们各自分担的冲击能量,在此基础上对轴承的动载荷系数进行了计算,文中给出的具体算例与工程实际较为符合. 本文提出的方法可以作为确定轴承冲击载荷的参考依据.     

考虑滚道表面油层分布的滚动轴承润滑分析

研究表明供油量对弹流润滑性能产生显著影响.滚动轴承中由于离心力和滚动体的反复滚压,滚道表面上的润滑剂呈现出非均匀分布的特点.大多数润滑剂被推挤到滚道的两侧,致使接触区的入口间隙不能被完全充满,导致乏油润滑,滚动体与滚道间接触压力接近于赫兹压力分布,膜厚较全膜润滑有明显的减小.本文基于润滑剂的流量连续建立滚道表面油层厚度分布模型,考虑润滑接触压力的影响,计算滚道上的侧流量以预测轴承滚道上补给油层厚度及形状随时间的变化规律;进而以此作为滚动体和滚道接触区的入口油层厚度,采用统一Reynolds方程法数值模拟计算每个时刻轴承滚道与滚动体之间的润滑油膜厚度,压力分布等参数,分析轴承在点接触乏油条件下运行的润滑性能.     

油膜轴承负荷特性的数值解析

轧机油膜轴承频繁出现巴氏合金剥落、龟裂等现象，直接影响到油膜轴承的使用寿命和轧制生产的正常进行，应用三维弹性接触问题的边界元法对宝钢2050支承辊油膜轴承载荷分布进行分析研究，建立了油膜轴承的接触模型，模拟真实的约束与受力，结果轴承出现严重偏载现象，通过改善约束条件，在自位情况下轴承偏载现象大幅度降低，同时接触应力也在一定程度上减小，从而使得轴承的承载能力得到提高，由于考虑了弹性变形的影响，该方法具有计算精度高，收敛速度快等优点。     

弹性变形对滚动轴承负荷分布影响的光弹性研究

一、引言滚动轴承有很多优点,在国民经济各部门中得到广泛的应用,对滚动轴承的选择和寿命计算至今都是建立在轴承壳体、座圈、心轴完全刚胜、径向间隙为零以及半数滚动元件承受负荷等理想条件基础上的,从而得出滚动体接触力的余弦分布及其最大峰值发生在中间最低位置滚动体上等结论。实际上,无论是用于高转速还是低转速情况的各类滚动轴承,其壳体     

The 3-D boundary element method of roller bearing by plate element analogue

The mill roller bearing is made up of an internal ring, middle rolls and an external ring, the analysis of which is a multi-bodies contact problem. In this paper, based on the three-dimensional elastic contact BEM without friction, and using the structural characteristics of roller bearings, middle rolls are described by elastic plate units of different shapes, which is placed on the internal ring. The discontinuous traction problem of the contact element can be dealt with by the traction sub-element method. Therefore the contact problem can be changed from one of multi-bodies to one of two-bodies. As an elastic deformation of the plate element, it can be calculated by an elastic contact formula and is regarded as an equivalent gap to be put into the total matrix equality. The face-to-face contact condition of displacement and traction on the element will serve as the convergence judging condition. So convergence solution can be obtained before any geometry inconsistent on the contact element may take place. Therefore, the three-dimensional distribution of load of the mill roller bearing can be achieved. It has been proved that the calculating model of this method is visualized and simple, has fast convergence solution and higher accuracy, making it an effective numerical method of designing and analyzing load characteristics of the mill roller bearing. Project supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China (50075075).     

圆锥滚子轴承润滑与动力学耦合研究

为准确分析圆锥滚子轴承润滑和动力学耦合性能,建立了基于油膜刚度与阻尼的圆锥滚子轴承动力学耦合方程,并对方程进行了验证和数值求解. 数值结果表明:与不考虑润滑相比,考虑润滑后轴承内圈轴向运动更加稳定,轴向位移变小;在不同的滚子端面球半径和挡边倾角下,润滑效应能够使内圈径向振动加速度级减小1.71到2.07 dB;同时滚子个数的增加会使轴承内圈滚道和内圈挡边的平均最小油膜厚度分别增加7.97%和4.43%.      

对数凸型滚针凸度量设计的新方法

本文利用三维有限长弹性接触问题的数值解法分析了实体套圈滚针轴承中的越程槽结构因素对对数凸型滚针接触压力分布的影响。结果表明,套圈上的越程槽宽度是确定滚针最佳凸度量时应考虑的一个重要因素。据此给出了对数凸型滚针凸度量设计的新方法。该方法可用于各种结构形式滚针轴承的滚针凸度量设计。     

大型三排滚柱回转支承承载能力和寿命分析

针对两种不同类型的滚子，研究了大型三排滚柱回转支承承载能力和疲劳寿命．首先，通过理论推导滚子和滚道之间的变形量，并数值模拟轴承滚子和滚道之间的接触应力分布，从而推导滚子的寿命．计算结果显示，圆柱滚子的端部应力较大，而异形修正滚子最大应力出现在接触中心处，端部应力在数值上远小于圆柱滚子．通过等效应力的计算，在载荷较低时，圆柱滚子的疲劳寿命高于修正滚子；当载荷较大时，异形修正滚子的疲劳寿命明显高于圆柱滚子．     

Variational Rayleigh Problem of Gas Lubrication Theory. Low Compressibility Numbers

The two-dimensional variational problem for a gas-lubricated slider bearing is considered. In the gas layer the pressure field is described by the linear Reynolds equation which corresponds to low compressibility numbers. The boundary conditions are the conditions of vanishing the excess pressure on the boundaries of the domain. The load capacity acts as the functional of the variational problem. The system of necessary conditions of extremum which underlies the calculation algorithm is analyzed qualitatively. The present study develops radically and supplements the results of author’s studies at the modern level of theoretical and computational possibilities.     

A Frictional Heat Model of Planetary Roller Screw Mechanism Considering Load Distribution

Planetary roller screw (PRS), with higher thrust, higher load capacity, and higher speed, is the best choice of the transmission component of the servo system. However, spinning sliding of rollers and support bearings can cause frictional moments and frictional heat, which is an undesirable phenomenon. Besides, frictional heat will further result in high temperature that causes deterioration of lubrication and eventually lead to destruction of the mechanism. Therefore, it is important to predict frictional moments which result in frictional heat. In order to predict the magnitude of frictional heat of PRS mechanism and study the influence of structural parameters of thread and operating conditions on frictional heat, first, a frictional moment model of bearings is built, and frictional moments models of PRS considering the elastic hysteresis of material, the spinning sliding of the rollers, the viscosity of lubricating oil and the differential sliding of thread raceways are established in this paper, respectively. Second, heat generation models of bearing and PRS are presented, respectively. Finally, relationships between frictional heat in terms of operating conditions of PRS, contact angle, and helix angle of roller thread are investigated. The achievements of this project will provide theoretical basis for the design of PRS with lower frictional moments and higher transmission efficiency.     

NONLINEAR THERMAL ANALYSIS FOR THE INTER-SHAFT BEARING UNDER THE DYNAMIC LOAD 1)

中介轴承作为双转子系统高低压转子重要的支承部件,其内圈和外圈均随着低压转子和高压转子高速旋转, 其传热问题更加突出.本文研究中介轴承在非线性动载荷作用下的非线性热行为.基于双转子系统动力学响应定义中介轴承动载荷,考虑中介轴承的径向游隙、分数指数非线性和参数激励等非线性因素,中介轴承动载荷会出现跳跃和双稳态等非线性行为. 考虑润滑剂的黏温关系,根据Palmgren经验公式建立动载荷作用下中介轴承的热传递模型,通过数值求解得到中介轴承稳态温度,发现动载荷的非线性行为导致中介轴承温度出现跳跃和双稳态等非线性热行为.分析转速比、偏心距、中介轴承径向游隙、Hertz接触刚度和滚子数目对中介轴承温度及非线性热行为的影响,表明偏心距、径向游隙和刚度只影响非线性热行为,而转速比和滚子数目对两者都有重要影响. 本文研究表明,动载荷相较于静载荷更适合描述中介轴承的实际载荷,由于双转子系统具有非线性振动特性, 中介轴承的热行为也表现出复杂的非线性行为.     

动载荷作用下中介轴承的非线性热行为研究

中介轴承作为双转子系统高低压转子重要的支承部件,其内圈和外圈均随着低压转子和高压转子高速旋转, 其传热问题更加突出.本文研究中介轴承在非线性动载荷作用下的非线性热行为.基于双转子系统动力学响应定义中介轴承动载荷,考虑中介轴承的径向游隙、分数指数非线性和参数激励等非线性因素,中介轴承动载荷会出现跳跃和双稳态等非线性行为. 考虑润滑剂的黏温关系,根据Palmgren经验公式建立动载荷作用下中介轴承的热传递模型,通过数值求解得到中介轴承稳态温度,发现动载荷的非线性行为导致中介轴承温度出现跳跃和双稳态等非线性热行为.分析转速比、偏心距、中介轴承径向游隙、Hertz接触刚度和滚子数目对中介轴承温度及非线性热行为的影响,表明偏心距、径向游隙和刚度只影响非线性热行为,而转速比和滚子数目对两者都有重要影响. 本文研究表明,动载荷相较于静载荷更适合描述中介轴承的实际载荷,由于双转子系统具有非线性振动特性, 中介轴承的热行为也表现出复杂的非线性行为.      

Theoretical and Numerical Investigation of Gas Lubrication Processes on the Basis of Aerodynamic Equations

The dimensionless parameters of the complete system of Navier-Stokes equations of a compressible gas are estimated with reference to a typical gas bearing. It is found that the three-dimensional compressible boundary layer equations should be used as the determining equations for describing gas lubrication processes. After introducing certain assumptions with respect to the dimensionless parameters in the determining equations, an equation for the pressure, the generalized Reynolds equation, is obtained.Use of the spectral method of analysis makes it possible to transform the generalized Reynolds equation into a system of ordinary differential equations. An analytic solution of the entire boundary value problem is obtained for a journal bearing with fairly small eccentricity. By comparing the numerical results obtained using both the solution of the generalized Reynolds equation and the traditional theory it is possible to estimate the effect of the inertia forces, dissipation processes, and heat transfer.