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1.
凹坑形非光滑表面微观摩擦磨损试验回归分析   总被引:6,自引:0,他引:6  
采用试验优化设计理论,利用L16(215)二水平正交表设计试验,对具有凹坑形非光滑表面形态的试件进行微观摩擦磨损试验研究,运用多元线性回归正交设计处理试验数据,得到具有凹坑形非光滑表面形态试件的体积磨损率和摩擦系数与各试验因素关系(如非光滑单元体大小、距离、速度和载荷)的回归方程.结果表明:试验因素对体积磨损率的影响程度由大到小依次为载荷、速度、单元体大小和距离;体积磨损率随着距离、速度及载荷的增加而增大,随着非光滑单元体尺寸的增加而减小,但距离和速度的交互影响很小;试验因素对摩擦系数的影响程度由大到小依次为载荷、速度、距离和单元体大小;摩擦系数随着距离、速度及载荷的增加而减小,随着非光滑单元体尺寸的增加而增大,但距离、速度及载荷的交互作用也很小.  相似文献   

2.
葫芦形微凹坑对不锈钢表面摩擦学性能的影响   总被引:5,自引:2,他引:3  
本文中利用皮秒激光系统对不锈钢表面进行织构化处理,通过Fluent有限元软件和UMT-2摩擦磨损试验机分析了非规则对称葫芦形织构表面的摩擦学性能,并与具有规则对称性的圆凹坑织构试样及光滑织构试样进行对比,同时利用S-3400 N扫描电镜观察试样表面的磨痕形貌.结果表明:润滑状态下葫芦形正方向织构试样的摩擦系数要明显低于圆凹坑织构试样及无织构光滑试样,葫芦形反方向织构试样的摩擦系数与圆凹坑织构试样相近.这主要是由于织构形状及润滑液流动方向对织构试样产生流体动压效应的影响较大.因此,在润滑液流动方向上,扩大织构自身形状的收敛区间可以强化织构的流体动压效应,这一结论将为进一步优化织构形状提供有力参考.  相似文献   

3.
采用销-盘式摩擦磨损试验机,研究了经激光处理后不同直径和间距的W9Cr4V高速钢凹坑形非光滑试件在不同温度下的摩擦磨损特性.结果表明:在室温至500 ℃的试验条件下,非光滑试件的耐磨性随着温度的升高而降低,且在200 ℃以内非光滑试件的磨损量随着温度增加缓慢增大,当超过200 ℃以后,磨损量增加较快;不同尺寸及分布规律的非光滑凹坑对零件耐磨性的影响不同,在本次试验条件下,非光滑凹坑直径及其间距愈大,非光滑试件的耐磨性能愈好;温度愈高,非光滑试件摩擦系数愈小.  相似文献   

4.
PDMS表面织构润滑特性的研究   总被引:8,自引:6,他引:2  
利用光刻-复模技术在PDMS表面制作凹坑阵列型表面织构,并采用球-盘式摩擦试验机对具有不同尺寸凹坑阵列的试样进行摩擦试验,研究了软质材料表面织构在混合至流体动压润滑区域的润滑特性.结果表明:对于PDMS材料,凹坑直径是影响摩擦特性的主要因素之一.与无织构试样相比,在低速条件下(0.005m/s)的混合润滑区域较小直径(d=50μm)的织构能够减小摩擦,而较大直径(d=200μm)的织构表现出增大摩擦的效果.在试验范围内凹坑的面积率越大,表面织构的作用越显著.  相似文献   

5.
脊状表面减阻特性的风洞试验研究   总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1  
利用热线风速仪,对光滑表面和多个脊状表面在低速风洞中进行了表面流场测试。基于测得的边界层速度分布数据,利用对数律区速度分布公式,编程分别计算出光滑表面和脊状表面的壁面摩擦速度和虚拟原点。研究发现,脊状表面最大减阻量达13.5%;有减阻效果的脊状表面使边界层速度曲线上移、湍流强度下降;与光滑表面相比,脊状表面的位移厚度和动量损失厚度明显减小,也表明脊状表面具有减阻效果;位移厚度和动量损失厚度减少量随槽间距s^+的增加呈现先变大后变小的趋势,在S^+=12时达到最大。  相似文献   

6.
表面织构对重载线接触条件下40Cr钢摩擦性能的影响   总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1  
利用激光微造型技术在环形试样表面加工出直径在20μm到80μm之间,且具有相同深度和面积占有率的圆凹坑,通过Talysurf CCI Lite非接触式三维光学轮廓仪测量试样表面,并采用ISO 25178参数对各试样表面进行三维表征,最后利用JPM-1双盘磨损试验机,在重载条件下(赫兹接触压力≥1 GPa)研究各组试样在不同工况下的摩擦特性及表面三维形貌参数对摩擦学性能的影响.试验结果说明:直径为80μm和20μm的织构表面润滑效果优于光滑表面.载荷、转速、滑滚比对摩擦系数的影响具有一定的规律性,且不同的工况下呈现的规律有所差别,在高速低载大滑滚比条件下,织构表面对提高摩擦副润滑效果最为显著,还进一步探索了表面三维表征参数Sa、Vv、Spc、Vmp、Vxp与重载条件下40Cr钢摩擦特性的关系.  相似文献   

7.
凹坑表面活塞与缸套挤压润滑油的流固耦合数值模拟   总被引:2,自引:0,他引:2  
在准油膜润滑条件下,采用Coupling Euler Lagrange(CEL)方法对凹坑表面活塞-缸套挤压润滑油过程进行了流固耦合数值模拟.润滑油动力学方程由Euler坐标系下的Navier-Stokes(N-S)方程来描述,活塞-缸套采用Lagrange坐标系下的线弹性力学方程来描述.罚函数约束方法将Lagrange结构的物理量传递给润滑油流体单元,实现流体和固体的直接耦合.仿真结果表明:CEL模型较好地追踪了挤压过程中润滑油的自由液面;凹坑表面裙部将润滑油挤压到贮油凹坑中,而光滑裙部只有挤压过程,无法贮存润滑油;随着润滑油的逐渐排出,接触应力逐渐增大,光滑裙部的接触应力增大尤为明显;凹坑中贮存的润滑油承载比稳定在0.3,该油膜具有一定的承载能力.数值模拟结果和试验数据的变化趋势吻合.  相似文献   

8.
仿生非光滑表面铸铁材料的常温摩擦磨损性能   总被引:15,自引:3,他引:12  
模仿动物体表形态,在试样表面通过激光雕刻出有规则分布的凹坑以及条纹等非光滑单元体,研究了具有非光滑表面材料的摩擦磨损性能.结果表明:非光滑表面材料的耐磨性较光滑表面提高1倍以上,摩擦系数提高66%以上;当非光滑表面的单元体硬度越高、直径越大和间距越小时,其耐磨性能越好,摩擦系数越大.这是由于激光加工的单元体相当于在母体上增加了许多强化质点,比母体具有较高的硬度和致密性,能够提高抗磨性,增加表面粗糙度,所以其耐磨性提高,摩擦系数增大.  相似文献   

9.
回转体表面条纹沟槽减阻水洞实验研究   总被引:6,自引:0,他引:6  
本文在条纹沟槽表面减阻理论分析的基础上,对条纹沟槽表面回转体进行了大量的水洞实验研究。实验模型表面条纹沟槽采用直接加工方法,头部线型为双参数平方根圆头曲线,尾部线型为双参数尖尾曲线。实验结果分析表明,与相同形状、尺寸的光滑表面回转体相比,条纹沟槽表面回转体在一定速度范围内存在很好的减阻效果,最大减阻量超过6%,且在小攻角范围内减阻量基本稳定,对回转体升力特性也没有影响。对比不同尺寸条纹沟槽的减阻效果发现,降阻量不但随条纹沟槽宽度S变化,而且随来流速度U∞变化,即与无因次沟槽宽度S (文中近似取S =S.LRe2Ckx,其中k为总阻力Cx的修正因子)存在着一定的关系。对于V型条纹沟槽具有减阻效果的S 的范围在10到60之间。本文研究证明,条纹沟槽表面减阻技术在水下航行器设计领域有着很好的应用前景,同时文中所取得的研究成果对该技术的应用具有一定的促进作用。  相似文献   

10.
低雷诺数沟槽表面湍流/非湍流界面特性的实验研究   总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1  
李思成  吴迪  崔光耀  王晋军 《力学学报》2020,52(6):1632-1644
湍流/非湍流界面是流动中湍流和无旋流的边界,其相关研究在加深对湍流与无旋流之间的物质、动量和能量交换的理解有重要意义.本文采用时间解析的二维粒子图像测速技术,分别对零压梯度光滑、顺流向锯齿形沟槽表面平板在不同雷诺数下对湍流/非湍流界面的几何特征及动力学特性进行了实验研究.实验雷诺数为$Re_{\tau } =400\sim1000$.本文采用了湍动能准则对湍流/非湍流界面进行了识别,并分析界面高度分布、分形特征及界面附近的条件平均速度和涡量.结果表明在不同雷诺数下, 无论是光滑壁面还是沟槽壁面,界面平均高度在0.8 $\sim$ 0.9$\delta_{99} $附近. 对于沟槽壁面而言,减阻时对应的界面高度的概率密度分布与光滑壁面基本一致, 均遵循正态分布,而当阻力增大时, 界面高度分布偏离正态分布出现正的偏度. 在本实验情况下,界面分形维度、跨界面速度跳变均会随着雷诺数增大而增大. 此外,不同壁面情况下无量纲条件平均涡量在界面附近的分布相近,而界面附近无量纲速度梯度最大值近似为常数.   相似文献   

11.
基于滑移理论的超疏水表面减阻性能分析   总被引:2,自引:2,他引:0  
采用滑移理论计算和数值模拟方法研究超疏水表面的减阻性能.层流流动状态的数值模拟和理论计算结果的一致性较好,并可证明滑移速度与通道内流体速度之比与无量纲压降比的数量级相当;湍流状态的数值仿真结果表明,在目前可实现的滑移速度范围内,超疏水表面对水下航行器的流体阻力影响不显著.  相似文献   

12.
Drag reduction (DR) for air and water flowing in an inclined 0.0127 m diameter pipe was investigated experimentally. The fluids had an annular configuration and the pipe is inclined upward. The injection of drag reducing polymer (DRP) solution produced drag reductions as high as 71% with concentration of 100 ppm in the pipeline. A maximum drag reduction that is accompanied (in most cases) by a change to a stratified or annular-stratified pattern. The drag reduction is sensitive to the gas and liquid superficial velocities and the pipe inclination. Maximum drag reduction was achieved in the case of pipe inclination of 1.28° at the lowest superficial gas velocity and the highest superficial liquid velocity. For the first time in literature, the drag reduction variations with the square root of the superficial velocities ration for flows with the same final flow patterns have self-similar behaviors.  相似文献   

13.
严冬  孙姣  高天达  陈丕  成雨霆  陈文义 《力学学报》2021,53(8):2279-2288
本文采用粒子图像测速技术(particles image velocimetry, PIV)研究固体颗粒对放置在平板湍流边界层中的平壁和沟槽壁面减阻效果的影响. 实验对清水和加入粒径为155 μm聚苯乙烯颗粒的流法向二维速度场信息进行采集, 对不同工况下的平均速度剖面、雷诺应力和湍流度等统计量进行对比, 分析流体在边界层中的行为. 运用空间局部平均结构函数提取了不同工况湍流边界层喷射?扫掠行为的空间拓扑结构并进行比较. 结果发现, 在不同的壁面条件下, 粒子加入后的对数律区中无量纲速度均略大于清水组, 雷诺切应力有所降低, 湍流度有所减弱. 对于不同流场速度下的沟槽而言, 颗粒的加入均降低了壁面附近的阻力, 而颗粒单独作用于光滑壁面的减阻效果并不明显. 加入粒子后的相干结构数目有所增加, 法向脉动速度下降. 沟槽壁面附近的相干结构数目有所增加, 法向脉动速度在自由来流速度较大时有所上升, 在速度较小时有所下降. 这表明不同减阻状况下的沟槽均能将大涡破碎成更多的涡, 并且粒子的加入强化了这种破碎作用.   相似文献   

14.
The results of an experimental investigation of the possibility of skin friction drag reduction by delaying laminar-turbulent transition under the action of near-surface dielectric barrier discharge are presented. The measurements were carried out on the lower plane wall of the test section of a wind tunnel at the flow velocity of 10 m/s and the turbulence level of about 0.06%. It is shown that the use of a discharge excited at the beginning of the laminar-turbulent transition region makes it possible to obtain an appreciable (up to 20%) reduction in the friction drag.  相似文献   

15.
In this study, a HMW anionic co-polymer of 40:60 wt/wt NaAMPS/acrylamide was used as a drag reducing polymer (DRP) for oil–water flow in a horizontal 25.4 mm ID acrylic pipe. The effect of polymer concentration in the master solution and after injection in the main water stream, oil and water velocities, and pipe length on drag reduction (DR) was investigated. The injected polymer had a noticeable effect on flow patterns and their transitions. Stratified and dual continuous flows extended to higher superficial oil velocities while annular flow changed to dual continuous flow. The results showed that as low as 2 ppm polymer concentration was sufficient to create a significant drag reduction across the pipe. DR was found to increase with polymer concentration increased and reached maximum plateau value at around 10 ppm. The results showed that the drag reduction effect tends to increase as superficial water velocity increased and eventually reached a plateau at Usw of around 1.3 m/s. At Usw > 1.0 m/s, the drag reduction decreased as Uso increased while at lower water velocities, drag reduction is fluctuating with respect to Uso. A maximum DR of about 60% was achieved at Uso = 0.14 m/s while only 45% was obtained at Uso = 0.52 m/s. The effectiveness of the DRP was found to be independent of the polymer concentration in the master solution and to some extent pipe length. The friction factor correlation proposed by Al-Sarkhi et al. (2011) for horizontal flow of oil–water using DRPs was found to underpredict the present experimental pressure gradient data.  相似文献   

16.
沟槽面湍流边界层结构实验研究   总被引:15,自引:1,他引:14  
王晋军  兰世隆  陈光 《力学学报》2000,32(5):621-626
应用激光测速技术和氢气泡流动显示技术对沟槽面湍流边界层特性及近壁区拟序结构特征进行了精细的测量和观察。实验结果表明:与光滑面湍流边界层相比,沟槽面端流边界层的黏性底层厚度、过渡层厚度及流速分布对数公式中的积分常数C均有所增大,说明采用的沟槽面具有减阻特性。此外,无量纲低速带条间距明显减小,最多减小20%,说明无量钢低速带条平均间距的缩短与湍流减阻密切联系。  相似文献   

17.
Experiments were conducted in the 12-inch diameter tunnel at the Applied Research Laboratory, Pennsylvania State University using the tunnel wall boundary layer to determine the influence of surface roughness on microbubble drag reduction. To accomplish this, carbon dioxide was injected through a slot at rates of 0.001 m3/s to 0.011 m3/s, and the resulting skin friction drag measured on a 317.5-mm long by 152.4-mm span balance. In addition to the hydrodynamically smooth balance plate, additional plates were covered with roughly 75, 150, and 300 micron grit. Over the speed range tested of 7.6, 10.7, and 13.7 m/s, the roughness ranged from smooth to fully rough. Not only was microbubble drag reduction achieved over the rough surfaces, but the % drag reduction at a given gas flow rate was larger for larger roughness. Scaling of the data is discussed. Comparison against results of a polymer drag reduction experiment, using the same facility, is made. Finally, a measure of the expected persistence of the phenomenon is given.  相似文献   

18.
An analysis of the energy budget for the general case of a body translating in a stationary fluid under the action of an external force is used to define a power loss coefficient. This universal definition of power loss coefficient gives a measure of the energy lost in the wake of the translating body and, in general, is applicable to a variety of flow configurations including active drag reduction, self-propulsion and thrust generation. The utility of the power loss coefficient is demonstrated on a model bluff body flow problem concerning a two-dimensional elliptical cylinder in a uniform cross-flow. The upper and lower boundaries of the elliptic cylinder undergo continuous motion due to a prescribed reflectionally symmetric constant tangential surface velocity. It is shown that a decrease in drag resulting from an increase in the strength of tangential surface velocity leads to an initial reduction and eventual rise in the power loss coefficient. A maximum in energetic efficiency is attained for a drag reducing tangential surface velocity which minimizes the power loss coefficient. The effect of the tangential surface velocity on drag reduction and self-propulsion of both bluff and streamlined bodies is explored through a variation in the thickness ratio (ratio of the minor and major axes) of the elliptical cylinders.  相似文献   

19.
The experimental control of turbulent boundary layers using streamwise travelling waves of spanwise wall velocity, produced using a novel active surface, is outlined in this paper. The innovative surface comprises a pneumatically actuated compliant structure based on the kagome lattice geometry, supporting a pre-tensioned membrane skin. Careful design of the structure enables waves of variable length and speed to be produced in the flat surface in a robust and repeatable way, at frequencies and amplitudes known to have a favourable influence on the boundary layer. Two surfaces were developed, a preliminary module extending 152 mm in the streamwise direction, and a longer one with a fetch of 2.9 m so that the boundary layer can adjust to the new surface condition imposed by the forcing. With a shorter, 1.5 m portion of the surface actuated, generating an upstream-travelling wave, a drag reduction of 21.5% was recorded in the boundary layer with Re τ =?1125. At the same flow conditions, a downstream-travelling produced a much smaller drag reduction of 2.6%, agreeing with the observed trends in current simulations. The drag reduction was determined with constant temperature hot-wire measurements of the mean velocity gradient in the viscous sublayer, while simultaneous laser Doppler vibrometer measurements of the surface recorded the wall motion. Despite the mechanics of the dynamic surface resulting in some out-of-plane motion (which is small in comparison to the in-plane streamwise movement), the positive drag reduction results are encouraging for future investigations at higher Reynolds numbers.  相似文献   

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