激光陀螺的光强稳定控制

针对国内稳流激光电源与激光陀螺理论要求不符这一问题,对激光陀螺光强稳定控制的理论、意义、难点及实现等各个方面的问题进行详细的讨论,提出抑制三种控制之间耦合效应的解决方案,根据所提方案设计完成基于TMS320F2812的激光陀螺三稳定全数字一体化电路系统,在国内首次实现激光陀螺光强稳定电源。最后用设计的电路系统对某型四频激光陀螺进行了各种实验。结果表明:电路系统在抑制三种稳定控制之间耦合效应方面是有效的、实用的;同时有效抑制了稳流电源下某型四频激光陀螺在高低温实验中零漂的剧烈振荡。理论和实验均证实稳流电源是不符合原理要求的,国内从激光陀螺开始研制至今仍然采用的稳流电源应该更换为光强稳定控制电源。     

四频差动激光陀螺自适应腔长控制方法

相较于传统的小抖动腔长控制,自适应腔长控制方法实现了四频差动激光陀螺理想工作点的自动跟踪功能。所提方法在小抖动腔长控制的基础上,通过对光强调制信号的基波和二次谐波进行解调,增加了光强增益控制环路和调制控制环路。通过改进硬件电路和控制算法将增益、调制和腔长3个控制环路紧密耦合在一起,实现四频差动激光陀螺自适应腔长控制系统,从而达到四频差动激光陀螺理想工作点自动跟踪功能。实验结果表明,自适应腔长控制能够消除外界环境、光强、电子元件参数等变化对四频差动激光陀螺工作点的影响,使得四频差动激光陀螺工作在理想工作点上,提升陀螺变温零偏稳定性51%和减小变温零偏最大变化44%。     

激光陀螺电路的数字一体化及其实现

为实现激光陀螺电路的一体化、数字化和高度集成化,在四频激光陀螺各部分电路的原理基础上,采用单片DSP完成了激光陀螺高压稳流、稳频及计数等全部控制与运算功能,实现了激光陀螺电路的数字一体化.激光陀螺数字一体化电路在室温下进行了长时间的测试,其单臂放电电流稳流精度优于 ,两臂放电电流差值的稳定精度优于 ,稳频精度(光强差/光强和)优于 .实验结果表明,数字一体化电路的性能已经达到了现有激光陀螺各部分电路的性能.激光陀螺数字一体化电路在电磁兼容、抗干扰、低功耗、集成度等方面具有显著的优势,并且由于陀螺的各工作参量在同一电路中,便于协调控制各参量使激光陀螺工作在最佳状态,有利于进一步提高激光陀螺的性能.     

四频陀螺中压电陶瓷歪扭导致的光强变化及其对零偏的影响

激光陀螺通常使用压电陶瓷换能器(PZT)作为反馈控制元件来维持腔长不变,然而PZT在推拉过程中产生的歪扭将会引起腔损的变化,进而导致光强以及零偏的变化。为了提高激光陀螺的零偏稳定性,对PZT歪扭导致的零偏变化进行了理论和实验研究。理论分析表明,PZT歪扭导致的光强变化与零偏变化密切相关,当光强相对变化10-3时,零偏变化约0.02 Hz。改变激光陀螺的纵模阶数,同时测量对应的光强和零偏,所得实验结果与理论分析基本一致。研究表明,目前四频激光陀螺中PZT歪扭导致的零偏变化在0.01 Hz的量级,因此通过对PZT制作工艺进行改进可进一步提高四频激光陀螺的性能。该研究对高精度四频激光陀螺的研制具有一定的参考价值。     

激光陀螺腔长控制镜改进设计

腔长控制镜影响激光陀螺谐振腔的光束形状、光强等参数,是制约激光陀螺精度提高的重要因素之一.减少激光陀螺腔长控制镜的位移扭偏,提高腔长控制镜的环境耐受性,能够直接改善激光陀螺的性能.通过研究激光陀螺腔长控制镜的基本机理,分析了腔长控制镜单筋方案和双筋方案的典型结构和特点,给出了提高反射镜抗扭偏能力的设计方法,设计并实现了新型双筋腔长控制镜结构.改进的腔长控制镜仅由3种零件、2种材料构成.经过仿真分析和试验验证,设计的腔长控制镜可以有效抵抗反射面的歪斜扭偏,在-50℃~+70℃工作范围内,抗扭偏能力提高5~10倍,同时实现了低成本和高稳定性.     

空间三轴机抖激光陀螺交流稳频系统设计

针对空间三轴机抖激光陀螺设计了交流稳频控制系统,分析了系统原理,进行了Simulink仿真建模和试验研究。在系统原理中分析了控制过程,推导了系统函数,通过Simulink交流稳频系统仿真建模摸索了空间三轴机抖激光陀螺交流稳频系统中PID参数对系统响应的影响,并得到了优化参数(K_P=0.048,K_I=0.0021,K_D=0.0037),为硬件调试提供了参考。将交流稳频控制系统应用于国产某型空间三轴机抖激光陀螺进行试验,试验结果显示通过PID参数调节后的交流稳频陀螺PZT码值变化平稳,陀螺静态脉冲输出稳定,与原直流稳频控制方法相比将空间三轴机抖激光陀螺的精度提高了20%。     

陀螺Fuzzy-PID温度控制系统研究

对于具有大时间延迟环节并难以建立精确数学模型的陀螺温度控制系统,提出采用模糊自整定PID控制参数的Fuzzy-PID陀螺温度控制方法。该方法可以集模糊控制与PID控制之所长,有较好的抗干扰能力。温控及高低温实验证明,该系统可以达到所要求的快速启动、输出稳定并能较好适应工作环境变化等精度要求。     

激光陀螺数字直流稳频系统设计

从激光陀螺稳频原理出发，分析了交流稳频和直流稳频的异同。设计实现了激光陀螺数字直流稳频系统，分析了控制系统的稳定性和误差并做了数字算法实现。最后试验验证了该系统的稳频性能，得到了优于交流稳频的效果。     

机抖温度特性对激光陀螺零偏稳定性的影响

机抖机构是一个工作于谐振状态的精密机电元件,当环境温度发生变化时,机抖的抖动偏频量将发生变化,这将引起角度随机游走误差的变化,并导致激光陀螺的零偏稳定性变差。本文推导了机械抖动激光陀螺的抖动速率与激光陀螺输出误差的关系表达式,提出了均方意义下的等抖动速率控制保持激光陀螺零偏稳定性的方法,并且通过实验具体研究了电磁式机械抖动装置的温度特性及其对激光陀螺零偏稳定性的影响。仿真实验与实测数据结果表明:在全温度范围内保持机抖机构抖动速率的一致性能有效地提高激光陀螺的零偏稳定性。     

激光陀螺零偏温度补偿研究

在对某型激光陀螺进行大量高低温环境试验的基础上,根据试验数据,建立了一种零偏温度补偿模型,并用该模型对新测的试验数据进行了预测补偿。补偿结果表明:激光陀螺经该模型补偿后基本上可以将零偏减小一个数量级,并进一步提高了零偏稳定性,完全满足工程上的实时补偿要求。因此,该模型具有很强的工程实用价值。     

交流发光二极管光源的工作特性研究

为得到交流发光二极管（AC LED）内部晶粒参数与其工作特性的关系,讨论了ACLED光源的内部结构和应用电路模型,分析了AC LED光源的工作特性,给出AC LED发光效率的解析表达式,理论上说明了AC LED的发光效率低于单颗LED晶粒的电光转换效率,且光效随着LED晶粒串联数量的增加而提高,AC LED的光效与限流电阻无关,增加串联晶粒的个数可减小限流电阻的损耗。因此,AC LED制造过程中宜降低晶粒的导通电压,以增加晶粒个数。     

二次曝光散斑图的透过率自相关函数

二次曝光散斑图测量的面内位移信息是以透过率自相关函数的形式记录在散斑图中的.本文计算了激光散斑图及白光散斑图的自相关函数;给出了其解析表达式.文中指出,激光散斑图照相系统的点扩散函数重叠面积是决定自相关函数的主要因素,而白光散斑图的自相关函数则与之无关.这一结果为进一步分析散斑干涉场条纹质量提供了依据.     

A matrix method for describing unpolarized light and its applications

A matrix method for describing fully depolarized light is proposed. According to the properties of fully depolarized light it is proved theoretically that this column matrix (Jones vector) can be used to describe unpolarized light as well. Thus, it enables the problems of holographic photoelasticity, including holographic photoelasticity of unpolarized light, to be simply treated by using a unified matrix calculus (Jones calculus).     

Visible light-driven photocatalysis of W,N co-doped TiO2

W, N co-doped TiO2 nanoparticles were synthesized by a sol-gel method. The prepared samples were characterized by X-ray diffraction （XRD）, field emission scanning electron microscopy （FE-SEM）, trans- mission electron microscopy （TEM）, Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy （FT-1R）, X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy （XPS） and diffuse reflectance spectrophotometry （DRS）. The results showed that the co- doped photocatalysts were essentially uniform spherical particles with the smallest particle size of 22.5 nm. Compared to un-doped TiO2, N-TiO2 and P-25, the absorption edge of the W, N co-doped TiO2 shifted to longer wavelength and its photocatalytic activity for degradation of methyl orange （MO） under Xe-lamp （350W） was higher.     

Strain-gradient stress analysis in saint-venant bending

Light beam deflections caused by stress or strain gradients are investigated analytically and experimentally in homogeneous beam specimens which are subjected to a particular case of flexure with shear. This study is a generalization of the prior analytical-experimental examination of strain-gradient light deflections produced in stressed plates, which had concentrated on the simplest case where information of interest is collected along a line of symmetry of the stress field. Main purpose of the present investigation is to document the efficacy of the strain-gradient method in analysis of the general case of stress state. The most interesting stress state is that in a beam subjected to the Saint-Venant bending, where the transversal and the longitudinal axes of the beam are in pure shear. The obtained results are compared with the predictions of the developed analytical models and with the predictions of Filon's stress function. The procedures of evaluating the photoelastic and material coefficients using strain-gradient techniques were tested positively. Dedicated to Prof. Dr. Horst Lippmann, Muenchen, on the occasion of the 65th anniversary of his birthday The project was supported by the Natural Sciences and Engineering Research Council of Canada and the NATO Scientific Affairs Division     

Optical modal analysis using white-light projected fringes

This paper describes a non-contacting optical technique for vibration measurement, which can be used to determine the magnitude and phase of every point of a continuous surface under steady-state conditions. In this method, the vibrating surface to be studied is illuminated by a white-light, sinusoidal grating projected from an oblique angle. A series of precisely timed digital images of the vibrating object is recorded as the grid is moved across the surface. An automated analysis then extracts magnitude and phase data at each pixel in the recorded images. The use of white light makes it possible to study the motion of larger surfaces than might be conveniently possible with more conventional Moiré or holographic techniques, and the optical arrangement used seems relatively insensitive to external disturbances. The method seems particularly well suited to the study of structures undergoing relatively low-frequency, large-amplitude vibrations.     

Light scattering: A review of particle characterization applications

This review covers the progress of light scattering applications in the field of particle characterization in the past decade. The review addresses static light scattering (the measurement of scattering intensities due to light–particle interaction at various spatial locations), dynamic light scattering (the measurement of scattering due to light–particle interaction as a function of time), and scattering tracking analysis (the tracking of particle movement through scattering measurement).     

轻气炮冲击实验中的一些改进措施及在爆炸硬化上的应用

本文介绍了在高锰钢的轻气炮冲击实验中的一些改进措施和参数的选取，并介绍了对实验后的试件进行硬度测量的结果在爆炸硬化上的应用及对爆炸硬化的指导作用，此外，本文还测量出高锰钢的冲击波速度随所受击压力变化而变化的规律。     

Effect of nanoparticle concentration on zeta-potential measurement results and reproducibility

The effect of nanoparticle concentration on zeta-potential measurement results at dilute concentrations was evaluated.The values of the zeta-potential for four different types of nanoparticles,Ludox(silica),multi-walled carbon nanotubes(bamboo-shaped and hollow nanotubes)and gold,at various concentrations,were obtained using a laser Doppler electrophoresis instrument.The size of the nanoparticles on dilution was measured using dynamic light scattering(DLS).The results show that there is a concentration range within which the zeta-potential,and particle size,are not affected by nanoparticle concentration.The lower concentration limit for the system to produce consistent results was dependent on the nature of the sample under study and ranged between 10-2 and 10 4wt%.Below this concentration,there was an apparent shift in zeta-potential values to less negative values,which was accompanied by an increase in the particle size.The shift in zeta-potential was attributed to an increase in contribution of the signal from extraneous particulate matter.The increase in particle size was attributed to the nature of the homodyne optical configuration of the instrument.The aim of this study was to elucidate the range in nanopatticle concentration that allows for accurate and reliable measurement of the zeta-potential and DLS data.     

Strain determination on curved surfaces by objective white light speckles

A close-range objective white light speckle method has been used for strain determination on simply curved surfaces. The speckle field is not the artificially printed random dots but only the radiance distribution of object surface which was slightly treated before the test to produce fine structure of optical details. The holographic film, instead of holographic plate, is attatched to the curved surface when illuminated by a flash light. Whole field fringe patterns are obtained with high sensitivities and large adjustable range. There is no longer a requirement to derive the speckle movement on the image plane from the object surface. Defocusing problem has been avoided. It can be practically applied to engineering problems with considerable convenience because of the very simple recording system and little demand for environmental stability.