靠模成形直梁回弹变形的变分原理及其应用

引入有限变形回弹反耦联系统和反耦联方程的概念,应用有限变形回弹反耦联方程、加权余量法、有限变形回弹变分原理,推导出靠模成形直梁卸载后的回弹挠曲线方程。本文计算了矩形截面的理想弹塑性悬臂梁和简支梁在集中荷载作用下的弯曲。结果表明,应用回弹势能原理能够推导出靠模成形直梁的回弹变形,并且可应用于工程实际。     

线性强化型弹塑性弯曲直梁挠曲线方程

针对材料在弹塑性阶段的应用不完全问题,本文用弹塑性分区最小势能原理,推导出线性强化模型下弯曲直梁的势能分区准则和欧拉方程.求解出集中载荷作用下悬臂梁和简支梁的挠曲线方程,将挠曲线方程代入MATLAB软件进行数值计算并将其结果与ANSYS对比分析.结果表明:数值解与有限元值均满足实际工程中允许的误差范围,给出的方法可为解...     

DETERMINATION OF DISPLACEMENT OF A BEAM WITH ONE END OVERHANGING IN SYMMETRIC BENDING WITH CONVERSION METHOD

置换法应用于求解一端外伸梁,在对称弯曲的条件下,根据直梁挠曲线所在平面内其与切线所成图形的边角几何关系,推导出求解该形梁的挠度和转角的置换法位移方程,其变量是相应的置换梁自由端的挠度、梁长、梁轴线位置坐标等. 对具体载荷梁的求解过程是：先以具体量值填充左、右置换梁自由端的挠度,再将其代入该置换法位移方程的统一表达式,即得到所求梁段的挠度、转角的方程全解. 所用的计算为代数方程的分式四则运算,只需挠曲线和叠加原理概念,无需积分,一般无需查挠度表,结果精确. 给出工程背景的算例.     

热效应对静不定梁热弯曲的影响

建立了静不定梁在温度场中热弯曲的微分方程,推导出了在小挠度变形条件下静不定梁热弯曲的挠曲线表达式.研究结果表明:当温度沿梁高呈线性分布时,梁的温度使静不定梁受到轴向热力作用,梁底与梁顶的温度差使静不定梁发生热弯曲.在小挠度变形条件下:考虑轴向热力的作用时,静不定梁的热弯曲是非线性问题;忽略轴向热力的作用时,静不定梁的热弯曲是线性问题.Timoshenko的名著《材料力学》,在研究两端固支梁热弯曲问题时,得到了"两端固支梁热弯曲挠曲线表达式有时是意想不到的"结论,即两端固支梁热弯曲挠曲线表达式为零的结论.因此在考虑轴向热力对静不定梁热弯曲影响的基础上,研究了静不定梁热弯曲问题,把两端固支梁热弯曲问题与其他静不定梁热弯曲问题进行对比,对两端固支梁热弯曲挠曲线表达式为零的结论进行了理论解释,可知两端固支梁在热状态下的变形是一个弹性稳定问题.     

用高阶剪切变形理论研究双模量梁的弯曲

利用高阶剪切变形理论研究了双模量梁的弯曲变形问题，推导出了双模量梁的挠曲线方程及弯曲正应力公式．讨论分析了翘曲函数的指数n对挠度、正应力的影响．研究结果表明：拉压弹性模量的差异对梁的弯曲应力有较大影响．把高阶剪切变形理论的计算结果与弹性理论计算结果进行比较，可知该方法计算精度非常高．     

热效应对静不定梁热弯曲的影响1）

建立了静不定梁在温度场中热弯曲的微分方程,推导出了在小挠度变形条件下静不定梁热弯曲的挠曲线表达式.研究结果表明：当温度沿梁高呈线性分布时,梁的温度使静不定梁受到轴向热力作用,梁底与梁顶的温度差使静不定梁发生热弯曲.在小挠度变形条件下：考虑轴向热力的作用时,静不定梁的热弯曲是非线性问题;忽略轴向热力的作用时,静不定梁的热弯曲是线性问题.Timoshenko的名著《材料力学》,在研究两端固支梁热弯曲问题时,得到了“两端固支梁热弯曲挠曲线表达式有时是意想不到的”结论,即两端固支梁热弯曲挠曲线表达式为零的结论.因此在考虑轴向热力对静不定梁热弯曲影响的基础上,研究了静不定梁热弯曲问题,把两端固支梁热弯曲问题与其他静不定梁热弯曲问题进行对比,对两端固支梁热弯曲挠曲线表达式为零的结论进行了理论解释,可知两端固支梁在热状态下的变形是一个弹性稳定问题.     

用待定系数法求梁变形

<正> 求梁变形的方法很多,本文依据挠曲线近似微分方程,采用特定系致法求梁变形.该法可以写出具有特定系数的挠曲线方程,对于给定常用载荷梁,可以确定待定系数,由此得出梁的变形方程.对于梁弯曲变形的挠曲线近似微分方程,可写成     

旋转悬臂梁的挠曲线函数

为了解决旋转悬臂梁的挠曲线函数的计算问题,本文联合应用d'Alembert原理和Bernoulli-Euler方程建立了重力场中旋转悬臂梁的挠曲线微积分方程;在此基础上,采用Rayleigh-Ritz法求得了这类梁的挠曲线解析函数。最后,应用该函数具体计算了一悬臂梁以不同角速度旋转时的挠曲线形状,从中归纳出旋转悬臂梁的弯曲变形随着其角速度的增大而减小的结论。     

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等截面直梁受纯弯曲作用,其挠曲线精确解为圆弧线,然而用图乘法和重积分法求得的却都 是抛物线. 分析了用图乘法和重积分法求解纯弯曲梁的挠曲线均是抛物线而不是圆弧线的原 因,给出了用抛物线代替圆弧线的误差.     

铝面板PMI泡沫芯夹层梁弹性弯曲的二维模型

将面板PMI泡沫芯夹层梁的弯曲问题按平面应力问题研究,采用弹性理论建立了铝面板PMI泡沫芯夹层梁弯曲变形的微分方程,利用奇异函数把作用在梁上的外载荷表示为分布载荷,推导出了铝面板PMI泡沫芯夹层梁弯曲变形时的挠曲线表达式．采用该方法对面板PMI泡沫芯夹层梁弯曲挠度进行计算,将求得的计算结果与有限元法结果及实验数据进行对比,发现该方法求得的梁中点挠度更接近实验值,这说明该方法可靠的．该方法给出了铝面板PMI泡沫芯夹层梁弯曲时的挠度计算通式,而且梁中点挠度计算公式的表达形式也较为简便,可方便工程设计人员在工程实际中推广应用．     

VARIATIONAL PRINCIPLES WITH DUAL MIXED VARIABLE AND APPLICATIONS FOR STRAIGHT BEAMS WITH LARGE DEFLECTION

本文在功的互等定理的基础上,利用位移和应力作为变分变量的二类混合变量的最小势能原理和最小势作用量原理来求解大挠度直梁变形稳定问题,将所得结果与有限元模拟结果进行对比分析,验证了给出的方法的可行性和计算结果的准确性。给出的方法简单灵活,结果准确,为解决大挠度直梁问题提供了新的解决途径,不仅具有一定的理论意义,而且可以直接应用于实际工程中。     

不可压流体饱和多孔弹性梁的变分原理及有限元方法

基于不可压饱和多孔弹性梁动力弯曲的数学模型,建立了以多孔弹性梁挠度和孔隙流体压力等效力偶为宗量的Gurtin型变分原理,并给出了特殊边界条件下解耦时的仅以挠度为宗量的变分原理.同时,作为动力响应的退化情形,讨论了拟静态情形下的相应变分原理.根据所建立的变分原理,导出了一个有限元离散公式.由于Gurtin型变分原理是关于时间的卷积型的泛函,空间的有限元离散导致一个关于时间的对称微分一积分方程组,此方程组可进一步转化为常微分方程组.利用隐式Euler法,给出了时间区域的计算格式.作为一个数值例子,分析了饱和多孔弹性悬臂梁在自由端简谐载荷作用下的动力响应,分析了流相与固相相互作用对饱和多孔弹性悬臂梁动力响应的影响.     

基于剪切变形的矩形梁剪力滞求解方法

Timoshenko梁通过假设截面的剪切刚度和附加平均剪切转角变形的方式来近似修正初等梁中未考虑剪切变形能的问题,这与梁剪应力沿梁高变化的实际不符。本文基于材料力学剪应力计算式和相应的剪切变形理论,从剪切变形与梁的位移关系入手,导出矩形梁考虑剪切变形时的纵向位移沿梁高方向的函数关系式,证明该位移可分解为纯弯曲引起的位移和剪力引起的剪力滞翘曲位移之和。应用剪力滞广义坐标与广义力的概念,基于能量变分原理得到等截面梁剪力滞控制微分方程组及其通解形式。对均布荷载作用下矩形简支梁的算例分析表明,本文算法与弹性力学精确解对比,两者的应力和挠度剪力滞系数求解结果非常接近,本文算法有足够的精度,且比弹性力学简单。     

用切比雪夫多项式研究短梁的弯曲计算

考虑剪切效应,利用切比雪夫多项式构造严格满足表面切应力边界条件的轴向位移表达式,建立了短梁弯曲问题的新理论．利用奇异函数把作用在短梁上的复杂外载荷表示为分布载荷,推导出了短梁弯曲时的截面正应力公式及挠曲线表达式．把采用切比雪夫多项式推导出短梁的弯曲计算公式计算结果与弹性理论计算结果进行比较,可知该方法的计算精度较高．研究结果表明：在复杂外载荷作用下,当长高比小于等于6时,剪切变形对梁的弯曲挠度影响较大,而当长高比小于3时,剪切变形对梁的弯曲应力影响较大;因此建议采用切比雪夫多项式方法给出的挠度表达式、弯曲应力进行计算,因为切比雪夫多项式方法不但给出了复杂外载荷作用下梁截面挠度、弯曲应力的计算通式,而且该方法具有计算过程简便、精度高的优点．     

Bending of functionally graded nanobeams incorporating surface effects based on Timoshenko beam model

The bending responses of functionally graded(FG) nanobeams with simply supported edges are investigated based on Timoshenko beam theory in this article. The Gurtin-Murdoch surface elasticity theory is adopted to analyze the influences of surface stress on bending response of FG nanobeam. The material properties are assumed to vary along the thickness of FG nanobeam in power law. The bending governing equations are derived by using the minimum total potential energy principle and explicit formulas are derived for rotation angle and deflection of nanobeams with surface effects. Illustrative examples are implemented to give the bending deformation of FG nanobeam. The influences of the aspect ratio, gradient index, and surface stress on dimensionless deflection are discussed in detail.     

Screw theoretic view on dynamics of spatially compliant beam

Beams with spatial compliance can be deformed as bending in a plane, twisting, and extending. In terms of the screw theory on rigid body motions, the concept of ＂deflection screw＂ is introduced, a spatial compliant beam theory via the deflection screw is proposed, and the spatial compliance of such a beam system is presented and analysed based on the material theory and fundamental kinematic assumptions. To study the dynamics of the spatially compliant beam, the potential energy and the kinetic energy of the beam are discussed by using the screw theory to obtain the Lagrangian. The Rayleigh-Ritz method is used to compute the vibrational frequencies based on discussions of boundary conditions and shape functions. The eigenfrequencies of the beam with spatial compliance are compared with those of individual deformation cases, pure bending, extension, or torsion. Finally, dynamics of a robot with two spatial compliant links and perpendicular joints is studied using the spatial compliant beam theory. Coupling between the joint rigid body motions and the deformations of spatial compliant links can easily be found in dynamic simulation. The study shows the effectiveness of using the screw theory to deal with the problems of dynamic modeling and analysis of mechanisms with spatially compliant links.     

磁场中轴向运动导电梁弯曲自由振动分析

研究磁场环境下轴向运动导电梁的弯曲自由振动．首先给出系统的动能、势能以及电磁力表达式,进而应用哈密顿变分原理,推得磁场中轴向运动导电梁的磁弹性弯曲振动方程．在位移函数设定基础上,应用伽辽金积分法分别推出三种不同边界约束条件下,轴向运动梁的磁弹性自由振动微分方程和频率方程,得到固有频率表达式．通过算例,得到了弹性梁固有振动频率的变化规律曲线图,分析了轴向运动速度、磁感应强度和边界条件对固有振动频率和临界值的影响．     

Bending and stability analysis of gradient elastic beams

The problems of bending and stability of Bernoulli–Euler beams are solved analytically on the basis of a simple linear theory of gradient elasticity with surface energy. The governing equations of equilibrium are obtained by both a combination of the basic equations and a variational statement. The additional boundary conditions are obtained by both variational and weighted residual approaches. Two boundary value problems (one for bending and one for stability) are solved and the gradient elasticity effect on the beam bending response and its critical (buckling) load is assessed for both cases. It is found that beam deflections decrease and buckling load increases for increasing values of the gradient coefficient, while the surface energy effect is small and insignificant for bending and buckling, respectively.     

Test method for measuring strength of a curved sandwich beam

A fixture for testing curved sandwich beams in flexure was designed and evaluated. The test specimen is a continuous sandwich beam consisting of a central circular 90° region connected by two straight legs. The fixture was designed according to the four-point flexure principle to produce a pure bending moment in the curved region. The validity of the test fixture in producing the desired loading was examined by fitting a curved aluminum bar of similar bending stiffness as the sandwich beams considered. Strain gage readings were successfully compared to predictions from curved homogeneous beam theory. In addition, the deflection of the beam at the loading points was analyzed using straight and curved beam theory for the various sections of the beam, and predictions were compared to measured load-displacement response. Good agreement was achieved between experimental and analytical results lending confidence to the test principle. Curved sandwich beams consisting of glass/polyester face sheets over a PVC foam core were tested to failure and the loading response of the beams and their failure behavior are discussed. It was found that the beams failed at the upper face/core interface due to radial tension stress.     

A microstructure-dependent Timoshenko beam model based on a modified couple stress theory

A microstructure-dependent Timoshenko beam model is developed using a variational formulation. It is based on a modified couple stress theory and Hamilton's principle. The new model contains a material length scale parameter and can capture the size effect, unlike the classical Timoshenko beam theory. Moreover, both bending and axial deformations are considered, and the Poisson effect is incorporated in the current model, which differ from existing Timoshenko beam models. The newly developed non-classical beam model recovers the classical Timoshenko beam model when the material length scale parameter and Poisson's ratio are both set to be zero. In addition, the current Timoshenko beam model reduces to a microstructure-dependent Bernoulli-Euler beam model when the normality assumption is reinstated, which also incorporates the Poisson effect and can be further reduced to the classical Bernoulli-Euler beam model. To illustrate the new Timoshenko beam model, the static bending and free vibration problems of a simply supported beam are solved by directly applying the formulas derived. The numerical results for the static bending problem reveal that both the deflection and rotation of the simply supported beam predicted by the new model are smaller than those predicted by the classical Timoshenko beam model. Also, the differences in both the deflection and rotation predicted by the two models are very large when the beam thickness is small, but they are diminishing with the increase of the beam thickness. Similar trends are observed for the free vibration problem, where it is shown that the natural frequency predicted by the new model is higher than that by the classical model, with the difference between them being significantly large only for very thin beams. These predicted trends of the size effect in beam bending at the micron scale agree with those observed experimentally. Finally, the Poisson effect on the beam deflection, rotation and natural frequency is found to be significant, which is especially true when the classical Timoshenko beam model is used. This indicates that the assumption of Poisson's effect being negligible, which is commonly used in existing beam theories, is inadequate and should be individually verified or simply abandoned in order to obtain more accurate and reliable results.