增强颗粒对铝基复合材料摩擦学性能的影响

采用自制的摩擦磨损试验机考察了增强颗粒对铝基复合材料摩擦磨损性能的影响。结果表明：在基体合金、陶瓷颗粒尺寸和体积分数相同的条件下,SiC增强铝基复合材料的摩擦磨损性能优于Al2O3增强铝基复合材料;增大颗粒尺寸或增加颗粒体积分数均使得SiC颗粒增强铝基复合材料的平均摩擦系数略有降低,耐磨性能提高;在与半金属摩擦材料配副时,颗粒增强铝基复合材料的摩擦系数与基体合金的相近,耐磨性能提高了3个数量级。     

碳纤维毡增强铝基复合材料的摩擦磨损性能研究

采用压挤渗透工艺制备了新型碳纤维毡增强铝基复合材料,在MG－2000型高速高温摩擦磨损试验机上考察了其摩擦磨损性质,结果表明：碳纤维毡增强铝基复合材料的摩擦磨损特性明显估于基体合金;复合材料经历由稳定磨损向严重磨损的转化;在稳定磨损阶段,复合材料的磨损表面存在由金属氧化物和碳膜共同构成的复合固体润滑膜,从而有效地改善复合材料的摩擦磨损性能。     

铝基复合材料高速干摩擦行为的遗传神经网络预测模型

对4种SiC颗粒增强铝基复合材料在5种速度和4种压力条件下进行了销-盘摩擦磨损试验,运用遗传神经网络技术建立了铝基复合材料在高速干滑动过程中的摩擦行为预报模型,并用该模型对铝基复合材料进行预报.结果表明,蓄热能力较大的铝基复合材料在服役条件下具有较高的摩擦系数,与实际情况相一致.用遗传神经网络建立的铝基复合材料摩擦行为预测模型为服役条件下提供了简便、可靠的优选材料方法.     

铝基镶嵌材料的磨损特性及耐磨机理

制备了镶嵌硬质金属和固体润滑剂的铝基复合材料,通过设计不同的摩擦配副方式,研究了铝基镶嵌复合材料在室温、干摩擦条件下的摩擦学特性。研究结果表明：镶嵌材料的硬度越大,铝基复合材料的耐磨性越高;而镶嵌固体润滑剂并不能有效地改善铝基材料的耐磨性,对铝基复合材料的耐磨机理进行了力学分析,为铝质材料的摩擦学应用指明了新的途径。     

SMA短纤维复合材料的热胀系数和相变应变系数

基于Eshelby的等效夹杂模型、Mori和Tanaka的场平均法,考虑到形状记忆合金（SMA）的强物理非线性,发展了增量型的等效夹杂模型（Incremental Equivalent Inclusion Model)。讨论了SMA短纤维增强的铝基复合材料的热胀系数和相变应变系数。特别研究了SMA短纤维复合材料纤维几何尺寸和体积分数等参数对SMA复合材料的热胀系数和相变应变系数的影响。这些工作对于指导材料设计和了解SMA复合材料热机械特性是非常有意义的。     

Al2O3纤维增强铝基复合材料干滑动磨损机制的研究

采用销-盘式磨擦磨损试验机研究了Al2O3纤维增强铝基复合材料的干滑动摩擦磨损性能,理论分析了磨损率与Al2O3纤维体积分数的变化规律,探讨了在干滑动摩擦条件下复合材料的磨损机制.结果表明:在干滑动摩擦条件下,随着Al2O3纤维体积分数增加,磨损率急剧下降,当纤维体积分数为9%时达到最小值,尔后略有回升;当纤维体积分数小于5%时,可用Archard模型对复合材料的磨损率进行理论预测;磨损亚表层中基体金属沿滑动方向的塑性流动是铝基复合材料磨损的基本特征,Al2O3纤维可有效地阻止基体的塑性流动,提高复合材料的耐磨性;随着滑动距离增加,摩销前端的变形量增大,甚至出现形变坑,将从复合材料中剥离出坚硬Al2O3磨粒并镶嵌于其中,很容易在铝基复合材料表面产生犁沟,从而加速铝基复合材料的磨损.     

仿生叠层构型石墨烯对铝基复合材料的纳米摩擦性能的影响

利用纳米压痕和纳米划痕试验表征了仿生叠层构型铝基石墨烯复合材料(Bio-inspired laminated graphene reinforced aluminum martrix composite, BAMC)与纯铝的力学性能和摩擦磨损性能. 鉴于摩擦力由黏着作用和犁沟作用两分量共同组成,对比探究了BAMC与纯铝在微观摩擦磨损过程中的弹塑性转变过程,分析了黏着作用与犁沟作用在摩擦力中的贡献度,揭示了其微观摩擦磨损机制. 结果表明:相较于纯铝,BAMC的纳米硬度提高了约24%,总摩擦系数(Friction coefficient)降低了约28%,黏着作用分量和犁沟作用分量分别降低了32%和16%. 换言之,复合材料中的异质界面产生异质变形诱导强化,进而增强了应变硬化,使仿生叠层石墨烯铝基复合材料的硬度得到明显提升,并且仿生叠层构型的石墨烯主要通过降低黏着作用来实现减磨. 从微纳米尺度揭示了BAMC的力学性能和摩擦磨损性能显著提升的机理,可为提升其摩擦磨损性能提供理论依据. 目前的工作通过纳米划痕和纳米压痕强调了叠层结构石墨烯的添加对块体复合材料的摩擦性能的影响,并表明仿生叠层构型铝基石墨烯是搭建仿生叠层结构的小尺寸理想增强体.      

微结构对金属基复合材料宏观弹塑性性能的影响

采用广义自洽有限元迭代平均化方法分析ＳｉＣ晶须增强铝基复合材料的弹塑性拉伸行为，研究纤维长径与体分比的变化对复合材料宏观弹塑性变形的影响。通过细观应力场的分析，讨论基体内塑性区的发展与复合材料宏观弹塑性变形过程之间的联系，指出纤维端头处基体塑性区的发展将对复合材料拉伸弹塑性行为有着显著影响。最后，还讨论了以名义屈服应力σ０．２来表征金属基复合材料的弹塑性特征的不足之处。     

铝基复合材料超精密加工中的刀-屑摩擦磨损性能及模型研究

通过金刚石PCD刀具对非连续SiC增强铝基复合材料的超精密车削加工试验,考察了刀具第二切削变形区(刀具前刀面-切屑间)的摩擦磨损性能,并提出了相应的模型;采用爆炸式快速落刀装置制备出切屑根并分析了积屑瘤的影响因素;采用原子力显微镜对PCD刀具的刃口磨损形貌进行观察,并分析其磨损机理.结果表明:在超精密切削加工非连续增强铝基复合材料的过程中,前刀面仍然有极小的楔型积屑瘤产生;铝基复合材料的摩擦磨损性能明显优于铝合金,且当SiC增强相达到最佳体积分数(20%～25%)时,其摩擦磨损性能最佳;从刀具的耐磨性角度考虑,在超精密加工非连续增强铝基复合材料时适宜采用金刚石刀具.     

Al65Cu20Cr15准晶颗粒／Al基复合材料的摩擦学性能

首次研究了Ａｌ６５Ｃｕ２０Ｃｒ１５准晶颗粒／Ａｌ基复合材料的硬度及摩擦学性能。研究表明，该复合材料的硬度随准晶颗粒体积分数的增加而增加，最大达到１２００ＭＰａ，最纯铝的４倍。复合材料的摩擦学性能优于纯铝，当准晶颗粒体积分数为１５％￣２０％，摩擦学性能随体积分数的升高而改善，当体积分数达到２５％时，摩擦学性能有所降低。     

Influence of the Physical Nonlinearity of the Matrix on the Deformation of a Particulate Composite with Microdamageable Inclusions

The structural theory of short-term damage is generalized to particulate composites with nonlinearly elastic matrix and microdamageable inclusions. The basis for this generalization is the stochastic elasticity equations for a particulate composite with porous inclusions. Microvolumes of the material meet the Huber-Mises failure criterion. The damaged-microvolume balance equation and the equations relating macrostresses and macrostrains of a particulate composite with porous inclusions and physically nonlinear matrix constitute a closed-form system. This system describes the coupled processes of physically nonlinear deformation and microdamage. Algorithms for computing the microdamage-macrostrain relationships and deformation curves are proposed. Uniaxial tension curves are plotted for a particulate composite with linearly hardening matrix__________Translated from Prikladnaya Mekhanika, Vol. 41, No. 4, pp. 3–11, April 2005.     

A more comprehensive method for yield locus construction for metallic alloys and composites

Conventional methods for constructing yield loci rely on the assumption that nonlinear strains are permanent strains, which is not always the case. A nickel-base alloy, SiC fiber-reinforced titanium, an aluminum alloy, and particlereinforced aluminum have been observed to violate this assumption. We present a method for constructing yield loci using a proof strain criterion for the permanent strain that relies on cyclic, proportional, probes of the yield surface. Two criteria are implemented: one for stress reversal and one for yielding. The method is demonstrated by the construction of initial and subsequent yield loci in the axial-shear stress plane using thin-walled tubular specimens. Results are presented for 6061-T6 aluminum as well as for 6092/SiC/17.5p-T6, which is 6092 aluminum reinforced with 17.5 volume percent silicon carbide particulate. The centers of the initial yield loci for the composite are eccentric to the origin of the stress plane most likely because of the residual stresses induced during processing. Material hardening due to multiaxial stress states can be described by tracking evolution of the subsequent yield surfaces and here hardening of the particulate composite was primarily kinematic     

Three-Dimensional Lumped Mass/Lumped Spring Modeling and Nonlinear Behavior of a Levitated Droplet

The nonlinear dynamics time evolution of an electromagnetically levitated (EML) droplet is considered in this study. The droplet is modeled as a three dimensional system with lumped masses and elastic springs. A new expression for the spring elastic constants in a global stiffness matrix has been derived, and equations of motion presented. The chaotic behavior of the system is analyzed for different coil configurations. The stability of the motion is studied using the Lyapunov exponents. Computations were performed for droplets of aluminum and copper.     

Deformation of Particulate Composite with Physically Nonlinear Inclusions and Microdamageable Matrix

The structural theory of short-term damage is generalized to the case where the matrix of a particulate composite has microdamages and the inclusions deform nonlinearly. The basis for this generalization is the stochastic elasticity equations of a porous-matrix particle-reinforced composite. Microvolumes of the matrix meet the Huber-Mises failure criterion. A balance equation for damaged microvolumes is derived. The balance equation and the equations relating macrostresses and macrostrains of a particulate composite with porous matrix and physically nonlinear inclusions constitute a closed-form system. The system describes the coupled processes of physically nonlinear deformation and microdamage. Algorithms for calculating the microdamage-macrostrain relationship and plotting deformation diagrams are proposed. Uniaxial tension curves are plotted for the case where the material of inclusions is linearly hardening__________Translated from Prikladnaya Mekhanika, Vol. 41, No. 2, pp. 3–11, February 2005.     

Computational studies on high-stiffness,high-damping SiC–InSn particulate reinforced composites

With the objective of achieving composite material systems that feature high stiffness and high mechanical damping, consideration is given here to unit cell analysis of particulate composites with high volume fraction of inclusions. Effective elastic properties of the composite are computed with computational homogenization based on unit cell analysis. The correspondence principle together with the viscoelastic properties of the indium–tin eutectic matrix are then used to compute the effective viscoelastic properties of the composite. Comparison is made with parallel experiments upon composites with an indium–tin eutectic matrix and high volume fractions of silicon-carbide reinforcement. The analytical techniques indicate that combinations of relatively high stiffness and high damping can be achieved in particulate composites with high SiC volume fractions. Based on analysis, the tradeoffs between stiffness and damping characteristics are assessed by changing the volume fraction, size, packing, and gradation of the particulate reinforcement phases. Practical considerations associated with realization of such composites based on the surface energy between the SiC and the InSn are discussed.     

Elasto-optic technique for measurement of elastic wave propagation in solids

The modulation of the optical path of the beam of a laser vibrometer in a specimen under acoustic excitation is measured at two planes, separated by a precisely known distance. The phase shift and the decrease in magnitude are used to calculate the phase velocity and attenuation, respectively. The method is demonstrated for a homogeneous specimen, and the results compare favorably with those obtained by a conventional ultrasonic technique. The method is then applied to measure specular and first diffraction-order reflection from a coplanar periodic array of particles in an elastic matrix and phase velocity spectra in a tetragonal periodic particulate composite. As expected, in a periodic composite the establishment of dispersive Floquet-type waves is observed throughout the entire periodic particulate composite.     

Particulate size effects in the particle-reinforced metal-matrix composites

The influences of particle size on the mechanical properties of the particulate metal matrix composite are obviously displayed in the experimental observations. However, the phenomenon can not be predicted directly using the conventional elastic-plastic theory. It is because that no length scale parameters are involved in the conventional theory. In the present research, using the strain gradient plasticity theory, a systematic research of the particle size effect in the particulate metal matrix composite is carried out. The roles of many composite factors, such as: the particle size, the Young's modulus of the particle, the particle aspect ratio and volume fraction, as well as the plastic strain hardening exponent of the matrix material, are studied in detail. In order to obtain a general understanding for the composite behavior, two kinds of particle shapes, ellipsoid and cylinder, are considered to check the strength dependence of the smooth or non-smooth particle surface. Finally, the prediction results will be applied to the several experiments about the ceramic particle-reinforced metal-matrix composites. The material length scale parameter is predicted. The project supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China (19891180, 19925211) and by the Chinese Academy of Sciences (KJ951-1-201) and “Bai Ren” plan     

The uniaxial tension of particulate composite materials with nonlinear interface debonding

Debonding of particle/matrix interfaces can significantly affect the macroscopic behavior of composite material. We have used a nonlinear cohesive law for particle/matrix interfaces to study interface debonding and its effect on particulate composite materials subject to uniaxial tension. The dilute solution shows that, at a fixed particle volume fraction, small particles lead to hardening behavior of the composite while large particles yield softening behavior. Interface debonding of large particles is unstable since the interface opening (and sliding) displacement(s) may have a sudden jump as the applied strain increases, which is called the catastrophic debonding. A simple estimate is given for the critical particle radius that separates the hardening and softening behavior of the composite.