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采用多光束干涉测量技术对椭圆滚子-玻璃盘形成的椭圆接触气穴现象进行了实验观察.实验在传统光弹流实验机上进行,只研究了纯滑动的情形.结果表明:气穴形状及其发展过程依赖于椭圆接触区短轴与卷吸方向之间的夹角.在一定的载荷-速度条件下,出现片状气穴区;载荷一定时,椭圆接触区短轴与卷吸方向之间的夹角越大,形成片状气穴区需要的速度越高.卷吸速度增大,气穴区向接触中心靠近;载荷增大,气穴区远离接触中心.椭圆接触区短轴与卷吸方向之间的夹角越大,气穴区越是远离接触中心,且气穴区位置受速度影响越显著. 相似文献
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提出了一种简单易行的方法用于进行两表面速度均为任意方向的等温点接触弹流润滑分析;建立了等温非牛顿椭圆接触弹流润滑的数学模型,综合考虑了两表面速度同向、反向及不共线且与椭圆短轴成一定角度的工况,并得到了两表面速度均为任意方向的等温数值解.结果表明:随着两表面速度方向的改变,合卷吸速度的方向不断变化,接触椭圆在计算域内的倾斜角度也随之改变;由于接触椭圆与坐标轴成一定角度,油膜的压力和膜厚不再与Y=0平面对称,Y=0平面内第二压力峰和油膜颈缩出现在出口区,而在X=0平面内第二压力峰和油膜颈缩出现在入口区. 相似文献
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弹性流体动力润滑状态通常出现在机械高副零部件的点/线接触部位,如齿轮、轴承和蜗轮蜗杆等. 宏观上点/线接触在介观层面表现为两粗糙表面的接触,在微观层面上则又表现为微凸体间的接触. 由于在中/重载荷作用下,粗糙表面上的微凸体发生接触后会产生弹塑性/塑性变形,从而使得两粗糙表面的弹流润滑接触转变为弹塑性流体动力润滑接触. 此外,界面的接触刚度决定了机械装备的整机刚度. 为了精确获得弹性流体动力润滑状态下界面法向接触刚度及其主要影响因素,基于界面的法向接触刚度由固体接触刚度和润滑油膜刚度两部分构成的思想,根据固体弹塑性理论和流体动力学理论,分别对界面间微凸体侧接触及部分膜流体动力润滑进行分析,从微观入手揭示双粗糙表面弹塑性流体动力润滑接触机理,进而建立考虑微凸体侧接触弹塑性变形的流体动力润滑界面法向接触刚度模型. 通过仿真分析,揭示了法向载荷、卷吸速度、表面粗糙度及润滑介质特性等因素对润滑界面法向接触刚度的影响规律. 研究表明:在相同速度、粗糙度及润滑油黏度的工况下,固体接触刚度和油膜接触刚度均随着法向接触载荷的增加呈非线性增大;在相同载荷、速度及润滑油黏度的工况下,接触表面粗糙度越大,表面形貌对于润滑状态的影响较强,固体接触刚度占界面总刚度的主要部分,界面主要由固体承载;在相同载荷、粗糙度及润滑油黏度工况下,随着卷吸速度的增大,固体接触刚度逐渐减小,油膜刚度占界面总刚度的主要部分;在相同载荷、粗糙度及速度工况下,随着润滑油黏度的增大,油膜刚度基本保持不变,固体接触刚度基本不受润滑油黏度的影响. 通过理论建模准确获得单位面积弹塑性流体动力润滑结合面法向接触刚度,对改善机械装备动态性能、提高机械装备的可靠性具有重要的理论和实际意义. 相似文献
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利用表面引发原子转移自由基聚合技术(SI-ARTP)在钢球和玻璃盘摩擦副表面分别接枝亲水性聚合物刷-聚甲基丙烯酸-3-磺酸丙酯钾盐(PSPMA),去离子水作为润滑剂,在球-盘式摩擦试验机和纳米级薄膜厚度测量装置上开展了其宏观摩擦学性能研究,探讨了流体动压效应介入下的聚合物刷水润滑机理. 利用光干涉技术观察了低卷吸速度下(4 mm/s)接触区域水膜分布情况,发现滚道两侧水膜的形状由初始状态的圆形随着时间逐渐沿着卷吸方向分布,证实了聚合物刷通过不断捕获周围的水分子形成了1层稳定的水膜;通过控制卷吸速度从1 mm/s连续增加512 mm/s实现了润滑状态的转变,低卷吸速度时处于薄膜润滑状态,膜厚不依赖于速度且稳定在35 nm左右,接触区内有效水膜的建立归功于聚合物刷的水合效应;当速度大于32 mm/s时处于弹流润滑状态,膜厚的测量值高于等黏弹膜厚公式的预测值(2~12 nm)和水合效应促成的膜厚值(约35 nm)之和,这意味着在流体动压润滑作用下聚合物刷表现出了优异的润滑增强作用, 是水合效应和流体动压效应协同作用的结果. 相似文献
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Yujie We 《Acta Mechanica Sinica》2014,(6):846-848
The construction and operation of high-speed rail(HSR)grid within the past two decades in China,in terms of the scale,may be possibly comparable to any national-wide construction in the history of China,even the Great Wall.By counting railways with commercial train service at the speed of200 km/h,China has the world’s longest HSR network with over 19 369.8 km of track in service today and this number 相似文献
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Cécile Lemaitre Md. Mahmud Alam Pascal Hémon Emmanuel de Langre Yu Zhou 《Comptes Rendus Mecanique》2006,334(3):158-163
Rainwater rivulets appear on inclined cables of cable-stayed bridges when wind and rain occur simultaneously. In a restricted range of parameters this is known to cause vibrations of high amplitudes on the cable. The mechanism underlying this effect is still under debate but the role of rainwater rivulets is certain. We use a standard lubrication model to analyse the dynamics of a water film on a cylinder under the effect of gravity and wind load. A simple criterion is then proposed for the appearance and position of rivulets, where the Froude number is the control parameter. Experiments with several geometries of cylinder covered with water in a wind tunnel show the evolution of the rivulets with the Froude number. Comparison of the prediction by the model with these experimental data shows that the main mechanism of rivulet formation and positioning is captured. To cite this article: C. Lemaitre et al., C. R. Mecanique 334 (2006). 相似文献
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R. J. Sobey 《国际流体数值方法杂志》1982,2(3):277-297
Space-time finite element solutions of the convection–dispersion equation using higher-order nodal continuity and Hermitian polynomial shape functions are described. Five separate elements ranging from a complete linear element with C0,0 nodal continuity to a complete first-order Hermitian element with C1,1 nodal continuity are subjected to detailed analysis. Wave deformation analyses identify the source of leading or trailing edge oscillations, trailing edge oscillations being the major source of difficulty. These observations are confirmed by numerical experiments which further demonstrate the potential of higher-order nodal continuity. The performance of the complete first-order Hermitian element is quite satisfactory and measurably superior to the linear element. 相似文献
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We establish a theoretical model to explain the nucleation of a crystal of helium by an acoustic over-pressure. We explain the interfacial laws for this ultra-fast cristallization, close to the sound speed. Assuming spherical symmetry and taking into account the experimental data, we recover the dynamics of the growth and melting during an over-pressure impulse. To cite this article: M. Ben Amar et al., C. R. Mecanique 331 (2003). 相似文献
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Based on the use of two different preparation procedures for reconstituting triaxial samples of sand, i.e. wet tamping and dry pluviation, significant differences in associated mechanical behaviour are observed on a reference sand with respect to the phenomenon of ‘static’ liquefaction. Wet tamping favours the initiation of liquefaction instability, whereas dry pluviation favours a more stable behaviour, less susceptible to liquefaction. Microscopic observation of corresponding sand specimens allows us to identify two well differentiated structures, i.e., for wet tamping, an irregular structure with predominance of aggregates (aggregated grains) and macropores, very contractant and unstable and, for dry pluviation, a more regular structure, without macropores, more dilatant and more stable. These observations show the importance of further characterization, based on the introduction of appropriate parameters, of the initial structure of sandy materials, strongly dependant upon their mode of formation (natural or artificial). To cite this article: N. Benahmed et al., C. R. Mecanique 332 (2004). 相似文献
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Sources of Complexity in Human Systems 总被引:3,自引:0,他引:3
Complex is a special attribute we can give to many kinds of systems. Although it is used often as a synonym of difficult, it has a specific epistemological meaning, which is going to be shared by the incoming science of complexity. Difficult is an object which, by means of an adequate computational power, can be deterministically or stochastically predictable. On the contrary complex is an object which can not be predictable because of logical impossibility or because its predictability would require a computational power far beyond any physical feasibility, now and forever. For complexity refers to some observing system, it is always subjective, and thus it is defined as observed irreducible complexity. Human systems are affected by several sources of complexity, belonging to three classes, in order of descending restrictivity. Systems belonging to the first class are not predictable at all, those belonging to the second class are predictable only through an infinite computational capacity, and those belonging to the third class are predictable only through a trans-computational capacity. The first class has two sources of complexity: logical complexity, directly deriving from self-reference and Gödel's incompleteness theorems, and relational complexity, resulting in a sort of indeterminacy principle occurring in social systems. The second class has three sources of complexity: gnosiological complexity, which consists of the variety of possible perceptions; semiotic complexity, which represents the infinite possible interpretations of signs and facts; and chaotic complexity, which characterizes phenomena of nonlinear dynamic systems. The third class coincides with computational complexity, which basically coincides with the mathematical concept of intractability. Artificial, natural, biological and human systems are characterized by the influence of different sources of complexity, and the latter appear to be the most complex. 相似文献