基于爆炸切割试验的有机玻璃本构模型参数反演

为了获取爆炸切割数值模拟中有机玻璃（PMMA）的材料本构模型参数，建立了一种基于神经网络的有机玻璃Johnson Holmquist ceramics (JH-2)本构模型参数反演方法：基于从爆炸切割试验和现有研究得到的JH-2本构模型经验参数，确定本构模型参数的调整区间；使用LS-DYNA数值模拟软件对2.5 mm宽爆炸切割索切割14 mm PMMA平板过程进行数值模拟并收集平板损伤数据集；建立PMMA平板本构模型参数与损伤数据之间的神经网络模型；通过训练完成的神经网络模型对PMMA平板的JH-2本构模型参数进行反演。为验证通过反演参数的可靠性，进行了4.2 mm宽爆炸切割索切割19 mm PMMA平板试验和有限元数值模拟，计算结果中的平板损伤情况与实验结果相差较小，表明通过反演获得的JH-2本构模型参数能较好地应用于PMMA平板爆炸切割数值模拟。传统材料参数获取方法，该参数反演方法相较于可以通过较少的试验及测试，获得比较准确的材料本构模型参数。     

基于子结构的非线性参数系统动力反演方法研究

研究了输入、输出不完备情况下的非线性参数系统动力反演问题.将子结构技术与分解算法相结合,引入广义逆,无需迭代.直接求得待识别参数的极小范数最小二乘解,反演获得未知输入荷载.本文从理论上论证了该方法的收敛性和严格的适用条件,为有限测点条件下非线性参数系统的动力反演问题提供了一个较好的解决方法.与全量补偿算法相比,计算效率大大提高,具有广泛的工程实际应用前景.数值算例表明该方法具有很好的参数识别精度及荷载反演效果.     

种植牙周围颌骨的骨重建模拟

研究的目的是通过骨重建模拟来预测种植牙植入后周围颌骨的密度分布情况.基于两种成熟且得到广泛应用的骨重建理论,提出了一种新的模拟骨重建的算法,该算法既包含了"死区效应",同时又是基于自组织控制过程.建立了包含种植体和颌骨在内的二维有限元模型,并用文中提出的算法对种植牙周围骨骼组织的密度分布情况进行了骨重建模拟,同时讨论了...     

时域自适应算法求解移动荷载下梁的多宗量反问题

通过一种时域自适应算法,建立了求解变速移动荷载下梁的多宗量反问题的数值模型,可同时识别移动荷载和梁的物性参数.正问题采用时域自适应算法和FEM建模,并可由此方便地推导敏度公式;在反问题求解中采用Levenberg-Marquardt法,计算表明该方法具有较好的抗不适定性.通过两个算例,对所提算法进行了数值验证,并探讨了噪声和测点的变化对反演结果的影响,结果令人满意.     

基于应变能准则优化模型的骨骼重建数值模拟

将骨骼重建的适应性弹性理论及参考应变能理论与结构优化及有限元方法结合,建立了基于应变能准则优化模型的骨骼重建数值模拟方法,研究骨骼内部重建的机理和规律。以单元应变能密度为刺激源,由内部材料的分布变化来模拟骨重建的过程和规律。通过对股骨头重建的数值模拟,取得了与临床实验相符的结果,也证实了骨结构形态是对力学环境的最佳适应,定量地反映了力学刺激对骨骼重建的影响,得到了符合骨骼重建规律的结论。     

基于数据驱动的薄板结构多裂纹反演方法

采用比例边界有限元法(scaled boundary finite element methods,SBFEM)模拟薄板结构内Lamb波的传播过程，将SBFEM和最大信息系数相结合，研究了缺陷参数与观测点位置的相关性，为缺陷反演时传感器布置位置的选取提供了依据。在此基础上建立了基于SBFEM数据集和深度学习的结构内部多裂纹反演方法，将多裂纹反演归类为分类和回归预测问题，可在未知裂纹数量的情况下反演出裂纹的数量、位置和大小，并通过数值算例验证了该方法能够较好地进行裂纹状缺陷数量和参数的反演。     

5最优化问题全局寻优的混合遗传算法

把BFGS方法作为一个与选择、交叉和变异平行的算子，嵌入到浮点编码遗传算法中，得到一种基于BFGS方法和浮点编码遗传算法的混合计算智能算法。该方法兼顾了遗传算法和BFGS方法两者的长处，既有较快的收敛速度，双能以非常大的概率求得最优化问题全局解。数值结果表明，混合方法是求解优化问题的一种有潜力的智能算法。     

基于遗传算法的爆炸冲击荷载参数识别方法

基于改进的遗传算法 ,建立了根据测试系统动力响应观测数据反演爆炸冲击荷载参数的数值方法。遗传算法为解决反问题的不适定性提供了强有力的手段。数值模拟结果表明 ,所提出的爆炸冲击荷载参数随机反演方法具有全局搜索能力 ,并且具有良好的抗观测噪音能力。当测试系统的观测相对误差为 10 %时 ,参数反演结果的误差小于 8% ,所建立的参数反演方法具有良好的鲁棒性。     

松散堆积体工程边坡变形机理分析及支护对策研究

利用表面温度测量来反演热传导方程中的热源项是一类典型的热传导逆问题，在采用有 限体积法对三维非稳态热传导问题进行数值求解的基础上，将该热传导逆问题转化为优化问 题，建立了伴随方程法和共轭梯度法这两类反演算法. 采用这两类算法对一个典型算例的计 算结果表明：建立的两类反演算法是有效的，具有较好的抗噪性能. 此外，对反演算法 中计算收敛准则的选取进行了较深入的分析，结果表明，由于热传导逆问题的不适定性，优 化过程中目标函数值越小并不意味着反演结果与真值更为接近，可以通过设定合适的收敛准 则来模拟正则化项的作用，克服不适定性的影响.     

基于泰勒级数展开的区间反演方法

实际结构或构件的几何与材料参数总包含不确定性,在对结构计算模型进行精确分析时,有时需要对参数不确定性进行量化。本文提出了一种用于区间参数识别的反演方法,即基于泰勒级数展开式分别建立参数与响应的区间中值、区间半径的对应函数关系,并通过构建两个反演问题来分步识别参数区间中值和半径,以避免区间扩张现象和简化优化反演过程。通过数值质-弹系统初步验证了方法的可行性,然后基于一组钢板的动测数据,识别了钢板的几何及材料特性参数的区间范围。研究结果表明,本文方法具有良好的区间反演精度,能有效地避免区间扩张现象,可以用于实际工程区间问题的求解。     

骨组织生长重建的力学生物学机制研究进展

生物力学已被证实是骨组织生长、重建及成形当中一个十分重要的因素. 骨组织的损 伤修复过程本质上是细胞的生物学过程和应力作用下的生长过程. 这虽然肯定了生物力学在 骨组织生长、重建过程中的重要地位, 但是, 人们对生物力学因素如何诱导骨生长、 重建的力学生物学机制仍不甚了解. 而骨组织工程需要更为科学完善的细胞生物学机制来研究和探 索骨组织的构建过程. 本文概述了国内外生物力学与骨组织生长重建的宏微观理论, 主要讨 论了骨组织结构及功能形成过程中的力学生物学相关问题.     

含液体松质骨的压缩实验分析

在本文中,假设不含液体松质骨为红弹性体,以及松质骨固液两相结构特性,建立了含液体松质骨的单向压缩本构方程,其形式与三参量线粘弹性体的本构方程相同。并通过拟合实验结果,得到本构方程中有关参数的值。     

A theoretical model for surface bone remodeling under electromagnetic loads

A theoretical model for surface bone remodeling under electromagnetic loads is proposed in this paper. In the model, surface bone remodeling is assumed to be related to growth factors. Growth factors in latent form in osteocytes are released to the bone fluid after the osteocytes are absorbed by osteoclasts, and then regulate the bone formation process. At the same time, environmental loadings can influence the generation of growth factors. This paper shows how surface bone remodeling is triggered under the influence of growth factors. Based on this hypothesis, a computational model is established that simulates the bone coupling remodeling process, including internal and surface bone remodeling. The effects of various loadings, including electrical and magnetic loadings, are simulated and compared. The interactions between internal and surface bone remodeling are investigated via the numerical method. The results indicate that an electromagnetic field can strongly influence the bone remodeling process and that the remodeling process will be altered after surface bone remodeling is triggered, compared to the sole effect of the internal remodeling process.     

骨疲劳损伤研究

和所有人造的结构材料一样，骨在重复载荷作用下也会发生疲劳 断裂.近年来,在骨疲劳损伤领域的研究已取得较大发展.本文综述了骨 疲劳损伤的一些共同性研究课题,重点包括骨疲劳损伤的特性,基于骨疲 劳微裂纹的损伤评估模型及骨疲劳行为的实验研究结果等.最后提出要 更好理解骨疲劳损伤,修复和再生行为仍然有大量的研究工作需要开展.     

含损伤演化的TM耦合数值模型及其应用研究

从岩石材料的细观结构层次出发，应用损伤力学和热弹性理论，对热力耦合作用下岩石破裂 过程中热－应力相互作用关系进行了分析. 初步建立了细观岩石热－力(TM)耦合数值模型， 探讨了TM耦合作用下岩石材料的细观结构损伤及其诱发的材料力学性能演化机制，把岩石 热固耦合问题的研究从应力状态分析深入到损伤、破坏过程分析之中. 运用该数值模型对某 硬岩实验室开展的原位尺度实验中的废料处理井间柱稳定性进行了模拟分析，其应力场、岩 石剥离破坏形态及破坏诱发的AE特性等均与实验监测结果表现出了较好的一致性，证 明了该数值模型的合理性和有效性.     

Parametric study of control mechanism of cortical bone remodeling under mechanical stimulus

The control mechanism of mechanical bone remodeling at cellular level was investigated by means of an extensive parametric study on a theoretical model described in this paper. From a perspective of control mechanism, it was found that there are several control mechanisms working simultaneously in bone remodeling which is a complex process. Typically, an extensive parametric study was carried out for investigating model parameter space related to cell differentiation and apoptosis which can describe the fundamental cell lineage behaviors. After analyzing all the combinations of 728 permutations in six model parameters, we have identified a small number of parameter combinations that can lead to physiologically realistic responses which are similar to theoretically idealized physiological responses. The results presented in the work enhanced our understanding on mechanical bone remodeling and the identified control mechanisms can help researchers to develop combined pharmacological-mechanical therapies to treat bone loss diseases such as osteoporosis.     

A fluid flow model in the lacunar-canalicular system under the pressure gradient and electrical field driven loads

The lacunar-canalicular system (LCS) is acknowledged to directly participate in bone tissue remodeling. The fluid flow in the LCS is synergic driven by the pressure gradient and electric field loads due to the electro-mechanical properties of bone. In this paper, an idealized annulus Maxwell fluid flow model in bone canaliculus is established, and the analytical solutions of the fluid velocity, the fluid shear stress, and the fluid flow rate are obtained. The results of the fluid flow under pressure gradient driven (PGD), electric field driven (EFD), and pressure-electricity synergic driven (P-ESD) patterns are compared and discussed. The effects of the diameter of canaliculi and osteocyte processes are evaluated. The results show that the P-ESD pattern can combine the regulatory advantages of single PGD and EFD patterns, and the osteocyte process surface can feel a relatively uniform shear stress distribution. As the bone canalicular inner radius increases, the produced shear stress under the PGD or P-ESD pattern increases slightly but changes little under the EFD pattern. The increase in the viscosity makes the flow slow down but does not affect the fluid shear stress (FSS) on the canalicular inner wall and osteocyte process surface. The increase in the high-valent ions does not affect the flow velocity and the flow rate, but the FSS on the canalicular inner wall and osteocyte process surface increases linearly. In this study, the results show that the shear stress sensed by the osteocyte process under the P-ESD pattern can be regulated by changing the pressure gradient and the intensity of electric field, as well as the parameters of the annulus fluid and the canaliculus size, which is helpful for the osteocyte mechanical responses. The established model provides a basis for the study of the mechanisms of electro-mechanical signals stimulating bone tissue (cells) growth.

     

The influence of different loads on the remodeling process of a bone and bioresorbable material mixture with voids

A model of a mixture of bone tissue and bioresorbable material with voids was used to numerically analyze the physiological balance between the processes of bone growth and resorption and artificial material resorption in a plate-like sample. The adopted model was derived from a theory for the behavior of porous solids in which the matrix material is linearly elastic and the interstices are void of material. The specimen—constituted by a region of bone living tissue and one of bioresorbable material—was acted by different in-plane loading conditions, namely pure bending and shear. Ranges of load magnitudes were identified within which physiological states become possible. Furthermore, the consequences of applying different loading conditions are examined at the end of the remodeling process. In particular, maximum value of bone and material mass densities, and extensions of the zones where bone is reconstructed were identified and compared in the two different load conditions. From the practical view point, during surgery planning and later rehabilitation, some choice of the following parameters is given: porosity of the graft, material characteristics of the graft, and adjustment of initial mixture tissue/bioresorbable material and later, during healing and remodeling, optimal loading conditions.     

Damaged-bone remodeling theory: Thermodynamical approach

The bone remodeling process is generally viewed as bone material response to functional demands and muscle attachments by continual process of growth, reinforcement and resorption which occur in living situation. Everyday activities damage bone, and this damage is normally repaired in a continuous process. When an imbalance in this remodeling process occurs, Bones may become more susceptible to fracture. An attempt to establish a relationship between induced microdamage and adaptive bone remodeling is proposed. A thermodynamic theoretical framework is provided as basis for a consistent formulation of bone remodeling involving a chemical reaction and mass transfer between two constituents in presence of microtracks.