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1.
SHPB冲击加载下四种岩石的复合型动态断裂实验研究   总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1  
分别用绿砂岩、黄砂岩、灰砂岩、大理岩制作了三种几何相似的(φ80mm、φ122mm、φ155mm)中心直裂纹平台巴西圆盘(CSTFBD)试样;利用分离式霍普金森压杆加载,进行了I型和I-II型复合动态断裂实验,并由实验结合有限元分析得到了四种岩石材料的I、II型动态断裂韧度KId、KIId。研究表明:动态断裂韧度均存在尺寸效应,试样尺寸对I-II型复合比和纯II型加载角均会产生影响,复合比随尺寸的增大而减小,大尺寸试样II型加载的加载角比小尺寸试样的小。同时,由于负值的T应力显著减小了裂纹的起裂角,用广义最大拉应力准则预测的起裂角更符合实验结果。  相似文献   

2.
中心直裂纹平台巴西圆盘复合型动态断裂实验研究   总被引:2,自引:0,他引:2  
汪坤  王启智 《实验力学》2008,23(5):417-426
制作了中心直裂纹平台巴西圆盘(cracked straight through flattened Brazilian disc-CSTFBD)试样,利用分离式霍普金森压杆(split Hopkinson pressure bar-SHPB)加载,进行了岩石纯Ⅰ型和复合型(Ⅰ+Ⅱ型)动态断裂实验。由于加载角(载荷方向与裂纹线的夹角)在制作试样时已经通过裂纹线与试样平台的位置关系确定,因此在实验中可以方便而准确地实施加栽。比较了纯Ⅰ型加载和复合型加载下压杆上记录的入射波、反射波和透射波的波形。采用实验与数值相结合的方法,将实验得到的动态载荷输入有限元程序,得到了纯Ⅰ型试样的动态断裂韧度和复合型试样的两种动态应力强度因子的时间历程。计算了加载角为15°的试样应力强度因子的复合比(KI(t)/KⅡ(t)),此计算值与文献结果吻合较好,验证了实验方法的有效性。  相似文献   

3.
为了验证巴西圆盘在围压作用下应力强度因子公式的正确性,论文使用有限元分析方法计算了不同相对裂纹长度下围压单独作用以及围压与集中力共同作用时巴西圆盘的应力强度因子,并与解析解进行了对比分析.计算结果表明:纯围压作用下巴西圆盘的应力强度因子的解析解与数值解结果非常接近,两者的相对误差最大仅为0.535%;围压与集中力共同作用时的I型应力强度因子解析解与数值解也非常吻合,两者计算误差很小,仅在纯II型裂纹临界加载角附近有较大误差,但最大相对误差仅为2%,从而证明了巴西圆盘在围压作用下应力强度因子公式的有效性和可靠性.计算结果亦表明:直接将试件放在液体中加压去研究围压对断裂韧度的影响,在实验方法上缺乏理论依据.  相似文献   

4.
利用大直径霍普金森压杆径向冲击中心直裂纹巴西圆盘(CSTBD)砂岩试样,完成Ⅰ型动态断裂实验。利用实验-数值方法确定了不同动态加载率下砂岩的动态起裂韧度;结合实验-数值法以及普适函数确定了不同裂纹扩展速度下砂岩的动态扩展韧度。为验证普适函数法和实验-数值法的有效性,将实验所得结果与其他学者的研究成果进行了对比分析,得到了相同的规律。所确定的岩石动态起裂韧度和动态扩展韧度分别随动态加载率的提高和裂纹扩展速度的提高而增加。  相似文献   

5.
为了研究爆炸荷载下青砂岩I型裂纹动态断裂韧度的测试方法,利用内部中心单裂纹圆盘(internal center single crack disc,ICSCD)试样进行了爆炸试验研究。试样由外径为400 mm、内部加载孔径为40 mm、预制裂纹长为60 mm的青砂岩制成。利用同步触发器实现圆盘中心起爆,并同步触发超动态应变仪,通过径向应变片获取爆炸应变曲线、裂纹尖端的环向应变片获取裂纹起裂时刻。以实测爆炸应变曲线为参量,应用Laplace变换推导出试样加载孔壁应力时程曲线表达式,并用数值反演法得出其数值解。利用ANSYS有限元软件,建立数值计算模型,通过相互作用积分法得出了在爆炸荷载作用下砂岩的I型动态应力强度因子曲线。研究结果表明:(1)ICSCD试件能够很好地用来测试岩石的动态起裂韧度;(2)炮孔周边的应力可以通过拉普拉斯变换的数值反演方法得到;(3)通过试验-数值法能稳定计算出ICSCD砂岩构型的动态起裂韧度,其最大误差仅为7%。  相似文献   

6.
李炼  罗林  吴礼舟  王启智 《爆炸与冲击》2018,38(6):1218-1230
针对平台圆环构型的优点, 提出偏心圆孔单裂纹平台圆盘(cracked eccentrically holed flattened disc, CEHFD), 该试样具有更长的断裂路径。利用霍普金森压杆加载系统, 径向冲击CEHFD试样, 完成Ⅰ型动态断裂实验。砂岩试样表面粘贴应变片和裂纹扩展计, 用于监测裂纹动态起裂、扩展和止裂的全过程。实验表明, 在整个断裂过程中, 裂纹非匀速扩展, 裂纹扩展速度在裂纹起裂后加速上升, 在裂纹止裂前有明显的减速, 与地震时断层的动态破裂全过程完全吻合。采用实验-数值-解析法得到动态应力强度因子, 其时间历程呈现先增大后减小的趋势。根据断裂过程不同时刻, 得到相应的动态起裂韧度、扩展韧度及止裂韧度。在动态断裂全过程中, 动态扩展韧度为速度的函数, 变化趋势与速度一致, 随着时间先增大后减小; 动态起裂韧度大于动态止裂韧度, 止裂韧度随着裂纹最大扩展速度的增大而降低, 并且有较大的离散性。  相似文献   

7.
应力强度因子是一个非常重要的参数,可以用来估算裂纹和切口的断裂.这篇论文提供了一种基于包含应力集中区域一定体积上的平均应变能密度,来确定应力强度因子的数值方法.对于I型或是II型裂纹的单一加载方式,应力强度因子都可以直接从一定体积上的平均应变能密度的表达式求得其解,但是对于I-II复合型裂纹,情况相对复杂.因此,作者们提出了利用围绕切口尖端一定体积上几组不同关于裂纹切口平分线对称区域上的平均应变能密度,来拟合复合加载下I型和II型应力强度因子的数值方法.为了验证,计算了I-II复合型裂纹的半圆形三点弯曲试样应力强度因子,并与文献中给出的应力强度因子进行了比较.结果表明,提出的数值方法可靠,为平均应变能密度准则的工程应用提供了一种新的思路.  相似文献   

8.
王启智 《力学与实践》2015,37(3):372-376
Hertze, Michell 和Timoshenko 等力学大师得到圆盘和圆环的弹性力学解; 巴西、日本、英国和美国的先驱学者先后提出基于圆盘和圆环这两种构形的试样测试岩石、混凝土等脆性材料的拉伸强度的方法. 作者在这些大师和先驱者工作的基础上, 提出平台巴西圆盘(flattened Brazilliandisc, FBD), 中心圆孔平台巴西圆盘(holed cracked flattened Brazilian disc, HCFBD) 和压缩单裂纹圆孔板(singlecrack drilled compression, SCDC) 等试样和相应的测试方法, 对国际岩石力学学会(International Society for RockMechanics, ISRM) 建议的测试拉伸强度和断裂韧度的方法做出了改进, 尤其重要的是扩展到动态力学性能的测试, 包括动态起裂, 动态裂纹扩展和止裂. 这些研究工作得益于作者讲授《弹性力学》和《断裂力学》两门基础课以及指导研究生, 说明教学与科研是相辅相成的.  相似文献   

9.
李伟  王启智 《实验力学》2005,20(Z1):26-34
利用直径为100mm的Hopkinson压杆和薄圆形铝片作为波形整形器,用不同弹速径向冲击大理岩平台巴西圆盘来研究其动态拉伸强度.考虑了试样的尺寸大小及两个平台附近应力的时间不均匀性与空间不均匀性对实验结果的影响.分析了试样的最大应变率、破坏时间、破坏模式以及破坏过程中的载荷应变关系,得到了关于大理岩在高应变率下拉伸强度及弹性模量的一些结论.进一步又利用该装置径向冲击人字形切槽巴西圆盘试样,对试样的起裂时间进行了初步的研究,以便今后测试动态断裂韧度.  相似文献   

10.
邹广平  谌赫  唱忠良 《力学学报》2017,49(1):117-125
冲击剪切载荷作用下动态断裂韧性的测定是材料力学性能和断裂行为研究中重要组成部分.为了测定材料的Ⅱ型动态断裂韧性,许多学者采用不同的试样与实验方法进行了实验,但限于实验条件,裂纹断裂模式往往是I+Ⅱ复合型,而不是纯Ⅱ型,因而不能准确测得材料的Ⅱ型动态断裂韧性.鉴于此,本文基于分离式霍普金森拉杆(split Hopkinson tension bar,SHTB)实验技术,提出一种改进的紧凑拉伸剪切(modified compact tension shear,MCTS)试样,通过夹具对MCTS试样施加约束,从而保证试样按照纯Ⅱ型模式断裂.采用实验-数值方法对MCTS试样动态加载过程进行分析,将实验测得的波形输入有限元软件ANSYS-LSDYNA,得到了裂纹尖端应力强度因子-时间曲线,并与紧凑拉伸剪切(compact tension shear,CTS)试样进行了对比.同时采用数字图像相关法进行了实验,验证了有限元分析结果.结果表明,MCTS试样在整个加载过程中K_I K_Ⅱ,裂纹没有张开;而CTS试样在同样的加载过程中K_IK_Ⅱ,出现裂纹张开现象.这说明MCTS试样能够准确地测定材料的Ⅱ型动态断裂韧性,为材料动态力学测试提供了一种有效的实验技术.  相似文献   

11.
A discrete element method (DEM) called particle flow code (PFC2D) was used to construct a model for Brazilian disc splitting test in the present study. Based on the experimental results of intact Brazilian disc of rock-like material, a set of micro-parameters in PFC2D that reflected the macro-mechanical behavior of rock-like materials were obtained. And then PFC2D was used to simulate Brazilian splitting test for jointed rock mass specimens and specimen containing a central straight notch. The effect of joint angle and notch angle on the tensile strength and failure mode of jointed rock specimens was detailed analyzed. In order to reveal the meso-mechanical mechanism of crack coalescence, displacement trend lines were applied to analyze the displacement evolution during the crack initiation and propagation. The investigated conclusions can be described as follows. (1) The tensile strength of jointed rock mass disc specimen is dependent to the joint angle. As the joint angle increases, the tensile strength of jointed rock specimen takes on a nonlinear variance. (2) The tensile strength of jointed rock mass disc specimen containing a central straight notch distributes as a function of both joint angle and notch angle. (3) Three major failure modes, i.e., pure tensile failure, shear failure and mixed tension and shear failure mode are observed in jointed rock mass disc specimens under Brazilian test. (4) The notch angle roles on crack initiation and and joint angle play important propagation characteristics of jointed rock mass disc specimen containing a central straight notch under Brazilian test.  相似文献   

12.
Brittle fracture in ceramics sometimes occurs under combined opening-sliding (or mixed mode I/II) crack deformation. In this paper, a generalized maximum tangential stress criterion is employed for predicting the fracture initiation angle under mixed mode I/II loading in some brittle ceramics including alumina, zirconia, soda lime glass and three silicon based ceramics. The experimental results reported for the fracture angles in these ceramics have been obtained from fracture tests on the centrally cracked circular disc (often called the Brazilian disc). Very good agreement is shown to exist between the experimental results and the theoretical predictions. According to the fracture model, the mixed mode fracture angle is strongly dependent on the elastic T-stress in the tested ceramics. The negative T-stress that exists in the Brazilian disc specimen can be the main influencing parameter for decreasing the fracture initiation angle in the investigated ceramics.  相似文献   

13.
Glasses are known to be vulnerable to tensile stresses particularly in the presence of pre-existing cracks. Since cracks in glass components are very often subjected to mixed mode loading, several researchers have studied mixed mode fracture in soda lime glass using different test specimens. Among these specimens, the cracked Brazilian disc specimen has been used most frequently by investigators. However, it is shown in this paper that the previously reported experimental results obtained from the cracked Brazilian disc specimen for several glasses are always underestimated by fracture theories like the maximum tangential stress criterion. A generalized maximum tangential stress criterion is then employed for predicting the mixed mode fracture test results. It is shown that the experimental results obtained from the cracked Brazilian disc specimen and reported in the literature for soda lime glass can be estimated very well when the generalized criterion is used. It is also shown that the same criterion can be used for predicting the test results available in the literature for brittle fracture in a glass plate containing an angled center-crack.  相似文献   

14.
A criterion was proposed to predict brittle fracture in engineering components containing sharp V-shaped notches and subjected to mixed mode I/II loading. The criterion, called SV-MTS, was developed based on the maximum tangential stress (MTS) criterion proposed originally for analyzing crack problems. The curves which are obtained from the SV-MTS criterion could be used conveniently to predict the fracture resistance and also the notch bifurcation angle in sharp V-notched components under pure mode II and also mixed mode loading. To evaluate the validity of the proposed criterion, a set of fracture tests were conducted on a new test specimen, called sharp V-notched Brazilian disc (SV-BD), under mixed mode loading conditions. It is shown that the experimental results obtained from PMMA specimens are in very good agreement with the curves of SV-MTS criterion.  相似文献   

15.
Dynamic fracture initiation toughness of marble was tested using two types of the holed-cracked flattened Brazilian disc (HCFBD) specimens, which were diametrically impacted at the flat end of the disc by the split Hopkinson pressure bar (SHPB) of 100 mm diameter. One type of the discs is geometrically similar with different outside diameter of 42 mm, 80 mm, 122 mm and 155 mm respectively, and with crack length being half the diameter; another type of the discs has identical 80 mm diameter and different crack length. Issues associated with determination of the stress wave loading by the SHPB system and the crack initiation time in the disc specimen were resolved using strain gage technique. The stress waves recorded on the bars and the disc failure patterns are shown and explained. The tested dynamic fracture toughness increases obviously with increasing diameter for the geometrically similar HCFBD specimens. It changes moderately for the one-size specimens of identical diameter and different crack length. The size effect of rock dynamic fracture toughness is mainly caused by the fracture process zone length l and fracture incubation time τ, the latter being an additional influencing factor for the dynamic loading as compared with the counterpart static situation. Hence a method is proposed to determine a unique value for the dynamic fracture initiation toughness, the approach takes average of the local distribution and time history for dynamic stress intensity factor in the spatial-temporal domain, which is defined by l and τ jointly. In this way the dynamic size effect is minimized.  相似文献   

16.
为了探寻更加合理的构型试件来研究纯Ⅰ型裂纹在冲击荷载下的起裂及扩展行为, 提出一种新构型试件, 即双倾斜底边中心裂纹试件(double inclined bottom central cracked, DIBCC)。借助于中低速落锤式冲击实验装置进行冲击实验, 通过应力波来使试件内预制裂纹起裂并扩展, 同时利用应变片测试系统监测裂纹起裂时刻, 并采用AUTODYN有限差分软件对实验过程进行数值模拟, 最后计算裂纹的动态应力强度因子, 利用实验测得的起裂时刻, 确定试件的起裂韧度。结果表明:(1)在反射拉伸波作用下, 预制裂纹两侧会产生垂直于裂纹面向外的位移, 使预制裂纹扩张, 从而使裂纹起裂。(2)数值模拟结果与实验结果在裂纹扩展路径上具有一致性, 说明本文中提出的DIBCC构型试件有效, 可以用来测试裂纹在冲击载荷下的断裂韧度。  相似文献   

17.
Dynamic fracture initiation toughness of marble was tested using two types of the holed-cracked flattened Brazilian disc (HCFBD) specimens, which were diametrically impacted at the flat end of the disc by the split Hopkinson pressure bar (SHPB) of 100 mm diameter. One type of the discs is geometrically similar with different outside diameter of 42 mm, 80 mm, 122 mm and 155 mm respectively, and with crack length being half the diameter; another type of the discs has identical 80 mm diameter and different crack length. Issues associated with determination of the stress wave loading by the SHPB system and the crack initiation time in the disc specimen were resolved using strain gage technique. The stress waves recorded on the bars and the disc failure patterns are shown and explained. The tested dynamic fracture toughness increases obviously with increasing diameter for the geometrically similar HCFBD specimens. It changes moderately for the one-size specimens of identical diameter and different crack length. The size effect of rock dynamic fracture toughness is mainly caused by the fracture process zone length l and fracture incubation time τ, the latter being an additional influencing factor for the dynamic loading as compared with the counterpart static situation. Hence a method is proposed to determine a unique value for the dynamic fracture initiation toughness, the approach takes average of the local distribution and time history for dynamic stress intensity factor in the spatial-temporal domain, which is defined by l and τ jointly. In this way the dynamic size effect is minimized.  相似文献   

18.
A biaxially loaded, single edge notched (SEN) fracture specimen, with mixed modes I and II loading, was used to study the crack arrest capability of a bonded and riveted tear strap without and with simulated multiple site damage (MSD). MSD was modeled by a 50-percent groove without which the running crack would inevitably kink due to KII loading. A total of thirty-one 2024-T3 aluminum specimens with various crack and MSD configurations were tested. The fracture parameters associated with straight and curved crack paths were determined by using the experimenta results to drive a dynamic finite element model of the specimen in its generation mode. The crack kinking and extension criteria were verified by the excellent agreement between the prediction based on these fracture parameters and the measured crack kinking angles. Comparison between the test results generated by the biaxial stress specimens and by those generated by small- and full-scale pressurized fuselage rupture experiments showed that this specimen can be used to prescreen the effectiveness of tear straps and crack arrestors in an airplane fuselage.  相似文献   

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