基于局部Petrov-Galerkin离散方案的无网格法

基于局部Petrov-Galerkin离散方案,选用自然邻近插值构造试函数,用Shepard函数作为权函数,提出了一种无网格方法(MNNPG),这种方法充分发挥了局部Petrov-Galerkin法的优势,并且结合了自然邻近插值的特点,方便引入边界条件,由于以Shepard函数的圆形支集作为积分子域,用分片中点插值来完成区域积分,无需额外背景网格,是一种真正的无网格法。本文将该无网格方法用于求解二维弹性力学边值问题,算例结果很好地吻合了精确解,表明该方法具有良好的数值精度和稳定性。     

基于核重构思想的配点型无网格方法的研究--一维问题

无网格方法按其离散原理可分为Galerkin型、配点型等。其中Galerkin型无网格方法的实施需要背景网格，不属于真正的无网格法；配点型无网格方法的实施不需要背景网格，是真正的无网格法。本文首先介绍了重构核点法的基本原理，然后基于核重构思想，与配点法相结合，以一维问题为例，研究了配点型无网格方法，对该方法构造过程中的近似函数及其导数的计算、修正函数的计算及方法的实现等问题进行了探讨。并结合若干典型算例，检验了其计算精度与收敛姓。     

无网格法的理论及应用

详细论述了近年来迅速发展的无网格法的理论基础及其在各个领域内的应 用. 无网格法网格依赖性弱, 避免了传统的有限元、边界元等基于网格的数值方法 中可能出现的网格畸变和扭曲, 在一些有限元、边界元等方法难以较好处理的领域体现 出独特的优势. 以加权余量法为主线归纳了已有的30多种无网格法, 各类 无网格法的主要区别在于使用了不同的加权余量法和近似函数. 详尽介绍 了各种无网格近似方案(包括移动最小二乘近似、核近似和重构核近似、单位分 解近似、径向基函数近似、点插值近似、自然邻接点插值近似等)和无网格法 中常用的各类加权余量法(伽辽金格式、配点格式、局部弱形式、加权最小二乘 格式和边界积分格式等), 并讨论了数值积分方法和边界条件的处理等问题. 在 此基础上较系统地总结了无网格法在冲击爆炸、裂纹传播、超大变形、结 构优化、流固耦合、生物力学和微纳米力学等领域的应用, 展示了无网格法相 对于传统数值方法的优势.     

无网格局部Petrov-Galerkin法求解板壳弹塑性大变形

无网格局部Petrov-Galerkin法构造的高阶光滑的形函数非常适合建立板壳结构场函数的逼近函数,是一种比较理想的研究板壳问题的方法。基于Mindlin板壳理论,采用更新拉格朗日原理和大变形条件下场量的无网格表达形式,实现了率型无网格局部Petrov-Galerkin方法对板壳弹塑性大变形的求解,算例分析表明了方法的有效性和较高的分析精度。     

无单元Galerkin法和边界元耦合法

无网格方法与有限元法或边界元法耦合是无网格方法处理边界条件的方法之一,在无网格方法中研究无网格方法与有限元法或边界元法耦合的研究显得非常重要.本文在无单元Galerkin法和边界元法的基础上,基于无单元Galerkin法子域和边界元法子域的界面上位移连续和面力平衡条件,提出了一种新的无单元Galerkin法和边界元法的直接耦合方法,对弹性力学问题详细推导了在整个求解域上的耦合公式.与以往的耦合法相比,这种方法简单直观,不需要增加新的耦合区域,也不需要建立新的逼近函数来保证界面位移的连续性.算例结果表明,该方法具有较好的计算精度.     

弹性力学的一种边界无单元法

首先对移动最小二乘副近法进行了研究，针对其容易形成病态方程的缺点，提出了以带权的正交函数作为基函数的方法－改进的移动最小二乘副近法，改进的移动最小二乘逼近法比原方法计算量小，精度高，且不会形成病态方程组，然后，将弹性力学的边界积分方程方法与改进的移动最小二乘逼近法结合，提出了弹性力学的一种边界无单元法，这种边界无单元法法是边界积分方程的无网格方法，与原有的边界积分方程的无网格方法相比，该方法直接采用节点变量的真实解为基本未知量，是边界积分方程无网格方法的直接解法，更容易引入界条件，且具有更高的精度，最后给出了弹性力学的边界无单元法的数值算例，并与原有的边界积分方程的无网格方法进行了较为详细的比较和讨论。     

无网格局部Petrov-Galerkin方法中本质边界条件的处理

鉴于无网格局部Petrov-Galerkin方法(MLPG)形函数的非插值性质,将一种新的本质边界处理方案——完全变换法与MLPG结合,通过变换矩阵修正形函数,使其满足Kronecker-δ条件,实现了本质边界的精确实施。进一步与MLPG中通常处理边界的罚方法作了比较研究,数值结果表明新方法的可靠性与精确度。     

几何非线性分析的无网格伽辽金算法

利用几何非线性的应变-位移关系,在小应变假设的条件下,推导出二维几何非线性问题中的无网格伽辽金法的计算格式。由于无网格方法中的形函数不具备Kronecker delta性质,文中采用罚方法来实现本质边界条件。数值实例表明,无网格伽辽金法在处理几何非线性问题时,具有较高的计算精度,是一种有效的数值计算方法。     

求解对流扩散方程的一种高效的有限体积法

考虑无结构三角网格上求解对流扩散方程的有限体积法.引入一种梯度函数的计算方法,将现有方法中计算解变量在网格单元中心和网格单元边界的梯度的两个独立过程改造成一个过程来完成,发展了一种求解对流扩散方程的高效的有限体积法.数值实验结果表明,该方法完全达到了已有方法同样的精度,而在计算速度上有明显的提高.     

无网格局部强弱法求解不规则域问题

无网格局部彼得洛夫-伽辽金(meshless local Petrov-Galerkin,MLPG)法是一种具有代表性的无网格方法,在计算力学领域得到广泛应用.然而,这种方法在边界上需执行积分运算,通常很难处理不规则求解域问题.为了克服MLPG法的这种局限性,提出了无网格局部强弱(meshless local strong-weak,MLSW)法.MLSW法采用MLPG法离散内部求解域,采用无网格介点(meshless intervention-point,MIP)法施加自然边界条件,并采用配点法施加本质边界条件,避免执行边界积分运算,可适用于求解各类复杂的不规则域问题.从理论上讲,这种结合式方法,既保持了MLPG法稳定而精确计算的优势,同时兼备配点型方法在处理复杂结构问题时简洁而灵活的优势,实现了弱式法和强式法的优势互补.此外,MLSW法采用移动最小二乘核(moving least squares core,MLSc)近似法来构造形函数,是对传统移动最小二乘(moving least squares,MLS)近似法的一种改进.MLSc使用核基函数代替通常的基函数,有利于数值求解的精确性和稳定性,而且其导数近似计算变得更为简单.数值算例结果初步表明:这种新方法实施简单,求解稳定、精确,表现出适合工程运用的潜力.     

Regularization of Discontinuous Vector Fields on $${\mathbb{R}^3}$$ via Singular Perturbation

Singular perturbations problems in dimension three which are approximations of discontinuous vector fields are studied in this paper. The main result states that the regularization process developed by Sotomayor and Teixeira produces a singular problem for which the discontinuous set is a center manifold. Moreover, the definition of sliding vector field coincides with the reduced problem of the corresponding singular problem for a class of vector fields.      

A study of penalty elements for incompressible laminar flows

A finite element model is developed based on the penalty formulation to study incompressible laminar flows. The study includes a number of new quadrilateral and triangular elements for 2-dimensional flows and a number of new hexahedral and tetrahedral elements for 3-dimensional flows. All elements employ continuous velocity approximations and discontinuous pressure approximations respecting the LBB condition of numerical instability. An incremental Newton–Raphson method coupled with the Broyden method is used to solve the non-linear equations. Several numerical examples (colliding flow, cavity flow, etc.) are presented to assess the efficiency of elements.     

On finite element approximation and stabilization methods for compressible viscous flows

This work is devoted to the numerical solution of the Navier–Stokes equations for compressible viscous fluids. Finite element approximations and stabilization techniques are addressed. We present methods to implement discontinuous approximations for the pressure and the density. An upwinding methodology is being investigated which combines the ideas behind the stream line Petrov–Galerkin method and the flux limiter methods aiming to introduce numerical diffusion only where it is necessary.     

High‐order continuous and discontinuous Galerkin methods for wave problems

Three Galerkin methods—continuous Galerkin, Compact Discontinuous Galerkin, and hybridizable discontinuous Galerkin—are compared in terms of performance and computational efficiency in 2‐D scattering problems for low and high‐order polynomial approximations. The total number of DOFs and the total runtime are used for this correlation as well as the corresponding precision. The comparison is carried out through various numerical examples. The superior performance of high‐order elements is shown. At the same time, similar capabilities are shown for continuous Galerkin and hybridizable discontinuous Galerkin, when high‐order elements are adopted, both of them clearly outperforming compact discontinuous Galerkin. Copyright © 2013 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

A locally conservative,discontinuous least‐squares finite element method for the Stokes equations

Conventional least‐squares finite element methods (LSFEMs) for incompressible flows conserve mass only approximately. For some problems, mass loss levels are large and result in unphysical solutions. In this paper we formulate a new, locally conservative LSFEM for the Stokes equations wherein a discrete velocity field is computed that is point‐wise divergence free on each element. The central idea is to allow discontinuous velocity approximations and then to define the velocity field on each element using a local stream‐function. The effect of the new LSFEM approach on improved local and global mass conservation is compared with a conventional LSFEM for the Stokes equations employing standard C⁰ Lagrangian elements. Copyright © 2011 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

On the accuracy of high-order discretizations for underresolved turbulence simulations

In this paper, we investigate the accuracy of a high-order discontinuous Galerkin discretization for the coarse resolution simulation of turbulent flow. We show that a low-order approximation exhibits unacceptable numerical discretization errors, whereas a naive application of high-order discretizations in those situations is often unstable due to aliasing. Thus, for high-order simulations of underresolved turbulence, proper stabilization is necessary for a successful computation. Two different mechanisms are chosen, and their impact on the accuracy of underresolved high-order computations of turbulent flows is investigated. Results of these approximations for the Taylor–Green Vortex problem are compared to direct numerical simulation results from literature. Our findings show that the superior discretization properties of high-order approximations are retained even for these coarsely resolved computations.     

Connections between the discontinuous Galerkin method and high‐order flux reconstruction schemes

With high‐order methods becoming more widely adopted throughout the field of computational fluid dynamics, the development of new computationally efficient algorithms has increased tremendously in recent years. One of the most recent methods to be developed is the flux reconstruction approach, which allows various well‐known high‐order schemes to be cast within a single unifying framework. Whilst a connection between flux reconstruction and the more widely adopted discontinuous Galerkin method has been established elsewhere, it still remains to fully investigate the explicit connections between the many popular variants of the discontinuous Galerkin method and the flux reconstruction approach. In this work, we closely examine the connections between three nodal versions of tensor‐product discontinuous Galerkin spectral element approximations and two types of flux reconstruction schemes for solving systems of conservation laws on quadrilateral meshes. The different types of discontinuous Galerkin approximations arise from the choice of the solution nodes of the Lagrange basis representing the solution and from the quadrature approximation used to integrate the mass matrix and the other terms of the discretization. By considering both linear and nonlinear advection equations on a regular grid, we examine the mathematical properties that connect these discretizations. These arguments are further confirmed by the results of an empirical numerical study. Copyright © 2014 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

Discontinuous Galerkin methods for the Navier–Stokes equations using solenoidal approximations

An interior penalty method and a compact discontinuous Galerkin method are proposed and compared for the solution of the steady incompressible Navier–Stokes equations. Both compact formulations can be easily applied using high‐order piecewise divergence‐free approximations, leading to two uncoupled problems: one associated with velocity and hybrid pressure, and the other one only concerned with the computation of pressures in the elements interior. Numerical examples compare the efficiency and the accuracy of both proposed methods. Copyright © 2009 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

Superconvergence and H(div) projection for discontinuous Galerkin methods

We introduce and analyse a projection of the discontinuous Galerkin (DG) velocity approximations that preserve the local mass conservation property. The projected velocities have the additional property of continuous normal component. Both theoretical and numerical convergence rates are obtained which show that the accuracy of the DG velocity field is maintained. Superconvergence properties of the DG methods are shown. Finally, numerical simulations of complicated flow and transport problem illustrate the benefits of the projection. Copyright © 2003 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

A one-dimensional meshfree particle formulation for simulating shock waves

In this paper, a one-dimensional meshfree particle formulation is proposed for simulating shock waves, which are associated with discontinuous phenomena. This new formulation is based on Taylor series expansion in the piecewise continuous regions on both sides of a discontinuity. The new formulation inherits the meshfree Lagrangian and particle nature of SPH, and is a natural extension and improvement on the traditional SPH method and the recently proposed corrective smoothed particle method (CSPM). The formulation is consistent even in the discontinuous regions. The resultant kernel and particle approximations consist of a primary part similar to that in CSPM, and a corrective part derived from the discontinuity. A numerical study is carried out to examine the performance of the formulation. The results show that the new formulation not only remedies the boundary deficiency problem but also simulates the discontinuity well. The formulation is applied to simulate the shock tube problem and a 1-D TNT slab detonation. It is found that the proposed formulation captures the shock wave at comparatively lower particle resolution. These preliminary numerical tests suggest that the new meshfree particle formulation is attractive in simulating hydrodynamic problems with discontinuities such as shocks waves.Received: 8 October 2002, Accepted: 10 May 2003, Published online: 15 August 2003