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1.
整星隔振是一种改善卫星振动环境的有效措施,传统整星隔振方案主要通过在卫星与火箭之间插入柔性、高阻尼结构.该方案因串联柔性元件,在实现减振的同时,也导致卫星分支(卫星、卫星支架、过渡支架)及整个运载火箭的模态频率大幅降低和卫星振动位移的显著增大.前者严重影响运载火箭飞行特别是末级飞行的稳定性;后者则会大幅减小卫星与整流罩的动态间隙,严重时可能导致卫星与整流罩碰撞.为了解决串联式整星隔振存在的问题,本文提出了一种在原主承力(过渡支架)结构中并联阻尼元件的整星隔振方案,该方案不改变卫星分支结构形式、连接关系,不影响卫星分支主承力结构的强度和刚度.根据柔性航天器的特点,建立了多自由度系统动力学模型,通过仿真分析研究了不同阻尼特性对系统共振频率附近传递特性的影响,得到了增大阻尼可有效改善系统各阶共振频率附近的振动传递特性.根据某运载火箭的外激励特点、过渡支架结构形式、卫星减振需求,设计的一种黏性阻尼器及其安装支架,通过在过渡支架均匀分布8个减振单元,构建了并联式承载减振一体的整星隔振方案,有限元分析和试验结果表明,该方案与无减振状态相比,卫星分支频率变化小于±5%,共振频率处传递特性改善30%~40%.   相似文献   

2.
整星隔振是一种改善卫星振动环境的有效措施,传统整星隔振方案主要通过在卫星与火箭之间插入柔性、高阻尼结构.该方案因串联柔性元件,在实现减振的同时,也导致卫星分支(卫星、卫星支架、过渡支架)及整个运载火箭的模态频率大幅降低和卫星振动位移的显著增大.前者严重影响运载火箭飞行特别是末级飞行的稳定性;后者则会大幅减小卫星与整流罩的动态间隙,严重时可能导致卫星与整流罩碰撞.为了解决串联式整星隔振存在的问题,本文提出了一种在原主承力(过渡支架)结构中并联阻尼元件的整星隔振方案,该方案不改变卫星分支结构形式、连接关系,不影响卫星分支主承力结构的强度和刚度.根据柔性航天器的特点,建立了多自由度系统动力学模型,通过仿真分析研究了不同阻尼特性对系统共振频率附近传递特性的影响,得到了增大阻尼可有效改善系统各阶共振频率附近的振动传递特性.根据某运载火箭的外激励特点、过渡支架结构形式、卫星减振需求,设计的一种黏性阻尼器及其安装支架,通过在过渡支架均匀分布8个减振单元,构建了并联式承载减振一体的整星隔振方案,有限元分析和试验结果表明,该方案与无减振状态相比,卫星分支频率变化小于±5%,共振频率处传递特性改善30%~40%.  相似文献   

3.
基于浅水波浪理论,建立了亚临界和超临界航速条件下舰船运动引起水底附近扰动速度的理论计算模型。通过数值计算,揭示了扰动速度分量的变化规律和分布特点。建立了舰船扰动速度的测试系统,对船模运动引起的扰动速度进行了测量。横向扰动速度分量计算结果与实验结果基本吻合,纵向扰动速度分量计算结果与实验结果定性一致。理论与实验研究表明,...  相似文献   

4.
基于超导的迈斯纳效应与超导量子干涉技术,结合柔性并联机构理论,设计一种基于超导的全张量重力梯度敏感头。敏感头采用6个完全相同的同时具有移动与转动自由度的敏感结构,对称的布置在正六面体外,对称面的两个敏感结构相对旋转90°成垂直状态。轴向间距使两个敏感结构直接测量重力梯度轴向分量,相互垂直使两个敏感结构既可以测量重力梯度交叉分量,也可以测量共模角加速度。利用超导线圈的电感变化响应质量块位移,进一步通过超导回路将其转变为磁场变化,并由超导量子干涉器进行检测。敏感结构采用8分支的柔性并联机构支承,构成空间对称的形式,可以实现对称的力学特性,保证各处的柔性铰链产生均匀变形,减少非对称的偏移,避免单一铰链的应力集中,具有沿轴移动刚度与绕轴转动刚度小、非设计的寄生误差方向刚度大的优势。在惯性系下的全张量重力梯度值可由坐标变换得到,可以预期得到1E的测量精度。  相似文献   

5.
不平衡扰动是惯性稳定平台的主要扰动因素之一,严重影响惯性稳定平台的稳定和跟踪性能,而且由于其形成原因的复杂性,对于惯性稳定平台的不平衡扰动,建立精确的模型比较困难。本文从不平衡扰动的来源出发,在惯性稳定平台三环控制系统模型的基础上,考虑到基座角运动和摩擦等扰动会使得平台偏转,而在偏转角的作用下会产生平台的不平衡扰动,进而完成不平衡扰动的建模。研究表明,不平衡扰动会对平台的性能造成较大影响,而且当干扰角运动幅值较大时,在不平衡扰动的作用下,系统角度输出稳态值会大大超过精度要求。研究成果为分析不平衡扰动对惯性稳定平台的影响提供了具体的模型依据,并为稳定平台不平衡扰动抑制方法的研究提供了对象条件。  相似文献   

6.
整星被动多杆隔振平台研究   总被引:8,自引:1,他引:7  
整星振动隔离是降低作用于卫星的振动载荷的有效方法.本文了采用多杆隔振平台来实现整星隔振,利用牛顿欧拉法建立了考虑基础运动和支杆转动惯量的隔振平台的动力学模型,分析了平台放置刚性卫星和柔性卫星的振动传递率,分析结果表明隔振平台可以有效的隔离来自于基础的振动.  相似文献   

7.
针对高速动车非轴对称车轮辐板区域随机疲劳寿命问题,分别将轮对视为刚性体和柔性体建立了车辆-轨道系统动力学模型,仿真得到载荷时间历程和轮轨接触点在踏面上的位置时间历程。在三维有限元模型中使用约束方程模拟轮轴过盈配合,使非线性问题线性化,采用准静态叠加法得到应力时间历程。基于临界距离法中的点法,以疲劳破坏临界平面上的正应力为主循环计数参数,剪应力为辅助计数参数进行多轴循环计数,结合Spagnoli法和Miner理论研究了轮对结构柔性和车轴刚度对车轮辐板随机疲劳寿命的影响。研究结果表明,轮对结构柔性对车轮辐板疲劳寿命有较大影响。随着车轴刚度的降低,轮轨接触横向力的幅值显著增大,轮对模态的特征频率和车轮辐板区域的寿命降低。因此,在轮对轻量化设计时,需综合考虑车轴的结构刚度。  相似文献   

8.
海洋重力场信息在勘探矿源和导航定位等方面都具有重要意义.进行海洋重力实时测量时,重力仪会受到各种外界扰动力的影响,再加上重力敏感器本身稳定性和惯性平台系统性能影响,重力敏感器的输出需要进行一系列数据处理和补偿后才能得到当地重力异常值,研究了重力敏感器安装角误差标定、零位漂移估计和格值修正等重力数据预处理方法.分析了海洋重力测量数据处理流程,主要包括零点漂移补偿、水平加速度误差补偿、厄特弗斯效应修正、高度修正和噪声滤波处理等.对每个数据处理过程都提出了具体补偿算法,并分析了补偿后的重力测量误差,将以上重力数据处理方法应用到实际重力测量,结果表明重力仪能够准确测量出当地重力值,其精度为1 mGa1.  相似文献   

9.
卫星减振的试验研究   总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1  
根据某卫星发射对减振性能的要求,本文提出在适配器与星箭界面之间安装整星隔振器并且在适配器表面粘贴约束阻尼层的减振方案。并且利用振动台分别对卫星减振系统施加垂向和横向的基础激励,测量卫星上关键位置处的加速度响应,比较减振前后其频率响应特性的变化,以验证卫星减振方案的减振性能。试验结果的对比分析验证了此卫星减振系统能够隔离卫星高频段的横向和垂向振动,降低卫星结构频率响应的幅值,能够减小运载火箭发射时传递给卫星的环境载荷,提高卫星发射的可靠性。本文对于相关的航天器的减振设计具有实用的参考价值。  相似文献   

10.
谢梅莹  习娟  吴林波 《应用力学学报》2020,(1):378-382,I0026,I0027
应用Hamilton原理建立了双路传力的无轴承旋翼运动方程。采用均匀入流模型,基于直升机飞行平衡条件,建立了无轴承旋翼柔性梁载荷的计算模型,并通过算例验证了模型的精度。利用该模型,研究了全机重心位置、机身气动阻力以及平尾安装角对柔性梁载荷特性的影响,给出了各因素对柔性梁载荷的影响趋势,得出了降低柔性梁载荷的方法。数值结果表明:2cm左右重心位置的变化能够引起9%~11%的柔性梁载荷变化量,15%气动阻力的增加会导致约9%的柔性梁载荷的增大;2°平尾安装角的变化引起约10%柔性梁载荷的变化量,3°平尾安装角的变化引起约26%柔性梁载荷的变化。  相似文献   

11.
This paper presents a dual-stage control system design method for the three-axis-rotational maneuver control and vibration stabilization of a spacecraft with flexible appendages embedded with piezoceramics as sensor and actuator. In this design approach, the attitude control system and vibration suppression were designed separately using a lower order model. Based on the sliding mode control (SMC) theory, a discontinuous attitude control law in the form of the input voltage of the reaction wheel is derived to control the orientation of the spacecraft actuated by the reaction wheel, in which the reaction wheel dynamics is also considered from the real applications point of view. The asymptotic stability is shown using Lyapunov analysis. Furthermore, an adaptive version of the proposed attitude control law is also designed for adapting the unknown upper bounds of the lumped disturbance so that the limitation of knowing the bound of the disturbance in advance is released. In addition, the concept of varying the width of boundary layer instead of a fixed one is also employed to eliminate the chattering and improve the pointing precision as well. For actively suppressing the induced vibration, modal velocity feedback and strain rate feedback control methods are presented and compared by using piezoelectric materials as additional sensors and actuators bonded on the surface of the flexible appendages. Numerical simulations are performed to show that rotational maneuver and vibration suppression are accomplished in spite of the presence of disturbance torque and parameter uncertainty.  相似文献   

12.
Many experimental studies of open lugged wheel-soil interaction have been conducted, mainly based on the condition of constant slip and sinkage. As a result the reaction force to lugs seemed to be equal to the soil cutting resistance to a metal surface. However, analyses based on such methods do not appear to represent the actual behaviour of lugged wheel-soil interaction, especially when the lugs are spaced widely. The actual motion the wheel axle. In this study, an experimental device for a model lugged wheel was constructed to investigate the characteristics of the interaction between a lugged wheel and soil. Experiments were conducted under several test conditions of soil including paddy soil with a hard pan. The result of both theoretical and experimental data indicated that slip and sinkage of a lugged wheel showed a fluctuation with rotation angle of which the period is equal to the angular lug spacing. In each test soil condition used, the motion of the lugged wheel and the reaction forces acting on each lug from the soil for a free sinking wheel were different from that of the condition of constant slip and sinkage. It was found that the results obtained from this study could clarify the actual behaviour of lugged wheel-soil interaction.  相似文献   

13.
A new test apparatus was developed for the precise measurement of mechanical properties related to the traveling performance of off-road vehicles. In particular the apparatus is capable of performing the experiment under the condition of constant contact load between the wheel and the soil, which most of the existing apparatus do not fulfill satisfactorily, and of measuring the displacement of soil particles beneath the wheel. The test results obtained by the apparatus for a rigid wheel on sand are discussed with some mechanical interpretations.  相似文献   

14.
To investigate influences of gravity on mobility of wheeled rovers for future lunar/planetary exploration missions, model experiments of a soil-wheel system were performed on an aircraft during variable gravity maneuvers. The experimental set-up consists of a single rigid wheel and a soil bed with two kinds of dry sands: lunar soil simulant and Toyoura sand. The experimental results revealed that a lower gravity environment yields higher wheel slippage in variable gravity conditions. In addition to the partial gravity experiments, the same experiments with variable wheel load levels were also performed on ground (1 g conditions). The on-ground experiments produced opposite results to those obtained in the partial gravity experiments, where a lower wheel load yields lower slippage in a constant gravity environment. In low gravity environments, fluidity (flowability) of soil increases due to the confining stress reduction in the soil, while the effect of the wheel load on sinkage decreases. As a result, both of these effects are canceled out, and gravity seemingly has no effect on the wheel sinkage. In the meantime, in addition to the effect of wheel load reduction, the increase of the soil flowability lessens the shear resistance to the wheel rotation, as a result of which the wheel is unable to hold sufficient traction in low gravity environments. This suggests that the mobility of the wheel is governed concurrently by two mechanisms: the bearing characteristics to the wheel load, and the shearing characteristics to the wheel rotation. It appears that, in low gravity, the wheel mobility deteriorates due to the relative decrease in the driving force while the wheel sinkage remains constant. Thus, it can be concluded that the lunar and/or Mars’ gravity environments will be unfavorable in terms of the mobility performance of wheels as compared to the earth’s gravity condition.  相似文献   

15.
In this study, the vertical soil reaction acting on a driven wheel was measured by strain gages bonded to the left rear axle of a 2WD tractor driven under steady-state condition on different soil surfaces, tractor operations, and combinations of static wheel load and tire inflation pressure. In addition, the measurements of radial and tangential stresses on the soil–tire interface were made simultaneously at lug’s face and leading side near the centerline of the left rear tire using spot pressure sensors. The experimental results indicate that the proposed method of vertical soil reaction measurement is capable of monitoring the real-time vertical wheel load of a moving vehicle and provides a tool for further studies on vehicle dynamics and dynamic wheel–soil interaction. Furthermore, the measured distributions of soil stresses under tractor tire could provide more real insight into the soil–wheel interactions.  相似文献   

16.
本文针对Draper 实验室公布的硅微机械振动轮陀螺仪的设计方案,给出了它的非线性 动力学方程和运动规律,分析了该陀螺仪壳体绕空间任意轴匀速旋转时干扰力矩所引起的漂 移率,给出了比通常线性化处理后得到的角速率测量关系式更为精确的测量表达式。  相似文献   

17.
Conventional ground-wheeled vehicles usually have poor trafficability, low efficiency, a large amount of energy consumption and possible failure when driving on soft terrain. To solve this problem, this paper presents a new design of transformable wheels for use in an amphibious all-terrain vehicle. The wheel has two extreme working statuses: unfolded walking-wheel and folded rigid wheel. Furthermore, the kinematic characteristics of the transformable wheel were studied using a kinematic method. When the wheel is unfolded at walking-wheel status, the displacement, velocity and acceleration of the wheel with different slip rates were analyzed. The stress condition is studied by using a classic soil mechanics method when the transformable wheel is driven on soft terrain. The relationship among wheel traction, wheel parameters and soil deformation under the stress were obtained. The results show that both the wheel traction and trafficability can be improved by using the proposed transformable wheel. Finally, a finite element model is established based on the vehicle terramechanics, and the interaction result between the transformable wheel and elastic–plastic soil is simulated when the transformable wheel is driven at different unfold angles. The simulation results are consistent with the theoretical analysis, which verifies the applicability and effectiveness of the transformable wheel developed in this paper.  相似文献   

18.
The effect of velocity on rigid wheel performance   总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1  
A simulation model to predict the effect of velocity on rigid-wheel performance for off-road terrain was examined. The soil–wheel simulation model is based on determining the forces acting on a wheel in steady state conditions. The stress distribution at the interface was analyzed from the instantaneous equilibrium between wheel and soil elements. The soil was presented by its reaction to penetration and shear. The simulation model describes the effect of wheel velocity on the soil–wheel interaction performances such as: wheel sinkage, wheel slip, net tractive ratio, gross traction ratio, tractive efficiency and motion resistance ratio. Simulation results from several soil-wheel configurations corroborate that the effect of velocity should be considered. It was found that wheel performance such as net tractive ratio and tractive efficiency, increases with increasing velocity. Both, relative wheel sinkage and relative free rolling wheel force ratio, decrease as velocity increases. The suggested model improves the performance prediction of off-road operating vehicles and can be used for applications such as controlling and improving off-road vehicle performance.  相似文献   

19.
利用MMS-2A摩擦磨损试验机研究了水介质下砂、氧化铝、研磨子对轮轨增黏与磨损特性影响.结果表明:干态和水介质下随蠕滑率增大黏着系数呈先增加后小幅降低并趋于稳定.水介质下氧化铝介质的增黏效果最好,研磨子最差;砂介质使轮轨磨损严重且塑性流变层最厚,轮轨试样表面剥落严重;氧化铝介质下轮轨磨损量较砂介质小,塑性流变层轻微;研磨子介质下的轮轨试样磨损量最小,磨损表面较为光滑;落叶显著降低黏着系数,且易形成落叶浆,使接触表面产生划痕;落叶工况下撒砂能增加黏着系数且能去除落叶浆,但易造成轮轨试样的剥落损伤.  相似文献   

20.
乐嘉春 《力学季刊》1994,15(3):40-49
本文在长波假定下用流体力学线性稳定性理论对大动脉中血液流动求出了一种中性扰动。结果表明,心室或瓣引起的扰动在一定条件下有可能量一种中性扰动,它可以沿着动脉管无变形地传播到动脉远端。这说明也许有可能提供一种通过在远离心脏的某些浅表动脉部位检测这种中性成动以了解心脏的某些功能的新方法。  相似文献   

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