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1.
I.IntroductionConsiderthenonlinearequationF(x,A)=o(l.l)whereF:XXR-R"isaC'function,andxCX=R".Pseudo-arclenthmethodIl'2l(i.e.,homotopymethod),asoneofthemostefficientmethodsforsolvingEq.(l.l),hasbeengreatlydevelopedinrecent2Oyears.AndSard'sTheoremisthefundam…  相似文献   

2.
In this paper, we apply the coniugacy and boundedness of the zeros for a polynomial f_n(z) with real coefficienta (i=0,1,2,...n). A new simple geometric criterion for stability off_n(z) is given which is very convenient for application.  相似文献   

3.
I.1utroductlouWeconsidcrthenonlinearstateregulatorproblemsconsistingofthesystemontheinterval0't相似文献   

4.
I.IntroductionThetheoryofimpulsivedifferentialequationsisanewandimportantbranchofdifferentialequations(see[11).In[21theexistenceproblemofsolutionsforinitialvalueproblemoffirstorderdifferentialsystemhasbeenconsidered.Byusingmonotoneiterativemethodsthispaperaimsatstudyingtheexistenceofminimaxquasi-solutionsforthefollowinginitialvalueproblemoffirstorderimpulsivedifferentialsystems:wilersf=(fi,fZ,..',fk)eC[JXRex'Rk,Rk],J=[0,TI(T>0),0相似文献   

5.
In this paper,the stress deformation constitutive relations for continua are discussedand a stress deformation constitutive relation expressed by functional tensorial expressionis found When we study the anisotropic damage of anisotropic materials either from amacroscopic continuum mechanics model or from a micro-defect model,there exists a limitto the order of a damage tensor,and the condition under which the damage variable,may bedescribed by a tensor lower than those of the highest order is found.  相似文献   

6.
IntroductionInrecenttenyears,becauseoftheneedofthecontroltheoryandeconomics,thetheoryofdifferentialinclusionshasbeendevelopingfast,andsome~tresultSindifferenhalinclusionshavebeenobtained.Asystematicstudyondifferenhalinclusionscanbefoundin[l].Inordertosuitcontroltheory,thefollowingsendlineardifferentialinclusionswereconsideredin[2~4]:x'(t) Ax(t)6F(t,x(t)),a.e.teI,x(0)=xo'(l)xthereAgeneratesalinearsendgroup(compactorequicolltinuouS),XisasepotleBanachspaCe,I=[0,TiisanintervalofR,F:IxX~Zx\0i…  相似文献   

7.
In this paper,an approach is introduced to de-termine the stable interval of the constant term ofa characteristic equation by using the theory ofextended graphical representation of polynomials.Because the constant a_11 itself is not takeninto account and because this method is to get astable interval of a_n,not merely to make a stabi-lity test for a set of known coefficients,this me-thod of stability criteria has some advantages overthe others.The interval of a_n can be obtainedfrom the calculation of some algebraical expressionswhen n≤10,where n is the degree of the character-istic equation.It is very convenient to calculatefor the cases n=5 and n=6.When n≥11,thisinterval can be found only by the method of numeri-cal solutions.  相似文献   

8.
I.IntroductionLetFbethen-dimensionalEuclideanspaceandGaboundeddomaininM,WI(C)andM(C)beusualSobolevspaces.Let0相似文献   

9.
A tensor method for the derivation of the equations of rigid body dynamics,based onthe concepts of continuum mechanics,is presented.The formula of time derivative of theinertia tensor with zero corotational rate is used to prove the equivalences of five methods,namely,Lagrange’s equations,Nielsen’s equations,Gibbs-Appell’s equations,Kane’sequations and the generalized momentum type of Kane’s equations.Some differentialidentities on angular velocity and angular acceleration are given.  相似文献   

10.
The existence and uniqueness theorem of the screw tensor for the finite displacement of a rigidbody is proposed and then proved using the screw calculus. As a consequence, formulae are obtained for determining the screw tensor in terms of the finite displacement data of the rigidbody.  相似文献   

11.
A method of averaging the data on the anisotropic elastic constants of a material is presented. The anisotropic elastic constants are represented by the elasticity tensor which is expressed as a second rank tensor in a space of six dimensions. The method consists of averaging eigenbases of different measurements of the elasticity tensor, then averaging the eigenvalues referred to the average eigenbasis. The eigenvalues and eigenvectors are obtained by using a representation of the stress-strain relations due, in principle, to Kelvin [17, 18]. The formulas for the representation of the averaged elasticity tensor are simple and concise. The applications of these formulas are illustrated using previously reported data, and are contrasted with the traditional analysis of the same data by Hearmon [9]. An interesting result that emerges from this analysis is a method dealing with variable composition anisotropic elastic materials whose elastic constants depend upon the particular composition. In the case of porous isotropic materials, for example, it is customary to regress the Young's modulus against porosity. The results of this paper suggest a structure or paradigm for extending to anisotropic materials this empirical method of regressing elastic constant data against composition or porosity.  相似文献   

12.
Isotropic invariants of the elasticity tensor always yield the same values no matter what coordinate system is concerned and therefore they characterize the linear elasticity of a solid material intrinsically. There exists a finite set of invariants of the elasticity tensor such that each invariant of the elasticity tensor can be expressed as a single-valued function of this set. Such a set, called a basis of invariants of the elasticity tensor, can be used to realize a parametrization of the manifold of orbits of elastic moduli, i.e. to distinguish different kinds of linear elastic materials. Seeking such a basis is an old problem in theory of invariants and seems to have been unsuccessful until now. In this paper, by means of the unique spectral decomposition of the elasticity tensor every invariant of the elasticity tensor is shown to be a joint invariant of the eigenprojections of the elasticity tensor, and then by utilizing some properties of the eigenprojections a basis for each case concerning the multiplicity of the eigenvalues of the elasticity tensor is presented in terms of joint invariants of the eigenprojections. In addition to the foregoing properties, the presented invariants may also be used to form invariant criteria for identification of elastic symmetry axes.  相似文献   

13.
Summary The compliance tensor related to orthotropic media is spectrally decomposed and its characteristic values are determined. Further, its idempotent tensors are estimated, giving rise to energy orthogonal states of stress and strain, thus decomposing the elastic potential in discrete elements. It is proven that the essential parameters, required for a complete characterisation of the elastic properties of an orthotropic medium, are the six eigenvalues of the compliance tensor, together with a set of three dimensionless parameters, the eigenangles θ, ϕ and ω. In addition, the intervals of variation of these eigenangles with respect to different values of the elastic constants are presented. Furthermore, bounds on Poisson's ratios are obtained by imposing the thermodynamical constraint on the eigenvalues to be strictly positive, as specified from the positive-definite character of the elastic potential. Finally, the conditions are investigated under which a family of orthotropic media behaves like a transversely isotropic or an isotropic one. Received 5 January 1999; accepted for publication 22 June 1999  相似文献   

14.
Inthisliterature [1 ] ,[2 ]order 0~ 4isotropicdescartestensor’sexistenceanditsgeneralrepresentationformulaarediscussed .Withregardtoorderk ≥ 5(descartestensororaffineorthogonaltensor) ,thenumber (3 k)ofitscomponentsisverybig ,anditsstructureisverycomplicated ,sonopa…  相似文献   

15.
The effective elastic behavior of a transversely isotropic composite made from two incompressible elastic materials is examined. The set of all effective elasticity tensors for transversely isotropic finite rank laminar microstructures is described. The extremal property of this class of microstructures is used to derive a new more precise characterization of the set of effective shear moduli.The perturbation series for the effective elasticity tensor is considered. An explicit formula for the second order perturbation tensor is derived. We describe precisely the set of tensors that correspond to all second order perturbations consistent with transverse isotropy. We apply analytic methods [cf. 27] to show that all second order perturbation tensors are realized by finite rank laminar microstructures.Supported by NSF through Grant DMS-3907658.  相似文献   

16.
A remarkably simple analytical expression for the sensitivity of the two-dimensional macroscopic elasticity tensor to topological microstructural changes of the underlying material is proposed. The derivation of the proposed formula relies on the concept of topological derivative, applied within a variational multi-scale constitutive framework where the macroscopic strain and stress at each point of the macroscopic continuum are volume averages of their microscopic counterparts over a representative volume element (RVE) of material associated with that point. The derived sensitivity—a symmetric fourth order tensor field over the RVE domain—measures how the estimated two-dimensional macroscopic elasticity tensor changes when a small circular hole is introduced at the microscale level. This information has potential use in the design and optimisation of microstructures.  相似文献   

17.
A solution for Eshelby's inclusion problem of a finite homogeneous isotropic elastic body containing an inclusion prescribed with a uniform eigenstrain and a uniform eigenstrain gradient is derived in a general form using a simplified strain gradient elasticity theory (SSGET). An extended Betti's reciprocal theorem and an extended Somigliana's identity based on the SSGET are proposed and utilized to solve the finite-domain inclusion problem. The solution for the disturbed displacement field is expressed in terms of the Green's function for an infinite three-dimensional elastic body in the SSGET. It contains a volume integral term and a surface integral term. The former is the same as that for the infinite-domain inclusion problem based on the SSGET, while the latter represents the boundary effect. The solution reduces to that of the infinite-domain inclusion problem when the boundary effect is not considered. The problem of a spherical inclusion embedded concentrically in a finite spherical elastic body is analytically solved by applying the general solution, with the Eshelby tensor and its volume average obtained in closed forms. This Eshelby tensor depends on the position, inclusion size, matrix size, and material length scale parameter, and, as a result, can capture the inclusion size and boundary effects, unlike existing Eshelby tensors. It reduces to the classical Eshelby tensor for the spherical inclusion in an infinite matrix if both the strain gradient and boundary effects are suppressed. Numerical results quantitatively show that the inclusion size effect can be quite large when the inclusion is very small and that the boundary effect can dominate when the inclusion volume fraction is very high. However, the inclusion size effect is diminishing as the inclusion becomes large enough, and the boundary effect is vanishing as the inclusion volume fraction gets sufficiently low.  相似文献   

18.
A class of universal relations for isotropic elastic materials is described by the tensor equationTB = BT. This simple rule yields at most three component relations which are the generators of many known universal relations for isotropic elasticity theory, including the well-known universal rule for a simple shear. Universal relations for four families of nonhomogeneous deformations known to be controllable in every incompressible, homogeneous and isotropic elastic material are exhibited. These same universal relations may hold for special compressible materials. New universal relations for a homogeneous controllable shear, a nonhomogeneous shear, and a variable extension are derived. The general universal relation for an arbitrary isotropic tensor function of a symmetric tensor also is noted.  相似文献   

19.
The explicit computation of the effective elasticity tensor of the material produced by laminating two homogeneous elastic media is used to show that, in 2-dimensional and 3-dimensional linear elasticity, for any isotropic material a whose elasticity tensor is strongly elliptic, but not semipositive definite, we can select very strongly elliptic materials, so that through laminations between these with material a, we can create a nonstrongly elliptic media, whose existence contradicts properties concerning the propagation of elastic waves. This revised version was published online in August 2006 with corrections to the Cover Date.  相似文献   

20.
In this paper the equations governing small amplitude motions in a rotating transversely isotropic initially stressed elastic solid are derived, both for compressible and incompressible linearly elastic materials. The equations are first applied to study the effects of initial stress and rotation on the speed of homogeneous plane waves propagating in a configuration with uniform initial stress. The general forms of the constitutive law, stresses and the elasticity tensor are derived within the finite deformation context and then summarized for the considered transversely isotropic material with initial stress in terms of invariants, following which they are specialized for linear elastic response and, for an incompressible material, to the case of plane strain, which involves considerable simplification. The equations for two-dimensional motions in the considered plane are then applied to the study of Rayleigh waves in a rotating half-space with the initial stress parallel to its boundary and the preferred direction of transverse isotropy either parallel to or normal to the boundary within the sagittal plane. The secular equation governing the wave speed is then derived for a general strain–energy function in the plane strain specialization, which involves only two material parameters. The results are illustrated graphically, first by showing how the wave speed depends on the material parameters and the rotation without specifying the constitutive law and, second, for a simple material model to highlight the effects of the rotation and initial stress on the surface wave speed.  相似文献   

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