基于主动学习Kriging模型的结构多失效模式可靠度计算

对于具有多失效模式的结构可靠度计算问题,利用多输出Kriging模型作为代理模型进行分析。该代理模型只需对所有功能函数进行一次建模,无需对每个功能函数建立各自的代理模型,且在建模过程中能够考虑各失效模式之间的相关性。本文方法设定的初始样本点不仅对随机变量均值附近区域给予足够重视,而且能够兼顾设计空间的边缘区域,进而确保初始代理模型在全局空间内具有较好精度,以减少后续利用学习函数更新代理模型的次数。数值算例表明,本文方法具有较好的计算精度和较高的计算效率,当失效模式较多时,计算效率大幅提升。     

基于多线性支持向量机的样本点正确分类与复杂失效方程稳步模拟

为克服一般响应面方法重构复杂隐式失效方程所需样本数量较多、精度较差的不足,提出了一种基于多线性支持向量机的结构失效方程模拟方法。该方法的显著特点是应用了样本点正确分类技术,因而其求解精度随着样本点数量的增多而稳步趋近于真实失效方程。其主要求解过程为,(1)结合均匀设计方法,生成均匀的紧邻极限状态曲面的失效和可靠样本点。(2)依据样本点向量模和样本点向量间夹角余弦值将总体空间划分成多个子空间,确保每个子空间内的样本点能由一个线性支持向量机完全分开。(3)采用一种基于扩充样本点对的迭代算法不断更新样本点集合,从而逐步修正模拟的多个线性失效方程。算例分析表明,无论失效方程为强非线性函数还是多个失效模式组成的分段函数,该方法的计算精度与效率均较为稳定。这为具有复杂失效方程结构的可靠度分析提供了有益参考。     

基于聚类椭球模型的不确定性传播分析

针对随机结构提出了基于聚类椭球模型的非概率不确定性传播方法。首先,将聚类椭球模型分解成多个子椭球模型;然后,在各个子椭球模型中求解结构响应的子边界;接着,在所有子椭球模型内的子边界中寻优,获得响应的边界。考虑到计算精度和效率等问题,引入传统非概率不确定性传播策略和基于功能度量法的传播策略,分别对响应的子边界进行计算;最后,通过数值算例验证了本文方法的有效性。     

基于设计空间调整的结构拓扑优化方法

提出了一种基于设计空间调整的结构拓扑优化方法,以求解有限元网格规模大的问题,且获得0/1拓扑解. 首先, 借鉴有理分式材料模型, 建立了材料刚度性质与拓扑变量的关系. 为了解决分析计算量大和需要解释得到的材料分布等问题,给出了一种不影响数学规划求解算法收敛特性的设计空间调整手段. 其次,当优化迭代求解接近结构最佳拓扑邻域后,采用了加速收敛求解的策略,并给出了一种加速收敛的启发式算法. 然后, 结合基于倒设计变量的位移函数的非完整二阶近似式,建立了一种基于设计空间调整的结构拓扑优化算法. 该方法能获得较好0--1分布特征的优化拓扑,能较好地处理多载荷和多约束的结构拓扑优化问题. 给出的算例表明通过结构分析模型规模的减小和传统的位移迭代求解法的采用,方法效率明显提高. 算例验证了该方法的正确性和有效性.      

基于贝叶斯信息融合的岸桥有限元模型修正研究

为建立精确的岸桥有限元模型,研究了基于贝叶斯信息融合的模型修正方法．通过方差分析,确定待修正参数,利用中心复合试验设计获取样本点,根据有限元计算结果与实测的结果残差为目标函数获得响应样本．拟合样本点和响应样本值构建二阶多项式响应面模型,并检验响应面模型的精度．基于贝叶斯理论更新融合系数来优化响应面参数,从而获得修正模型．以宁波大榭3号岸桥为工程背景,对比修正后的模态频率和实测频率,最大频率相对误差不超过5%,进而验证了基于贝叶斯信息融合的动力学有限元模型修正方法的有效性．修正后的有限元模型可进一步应用于岸桥的健康监测和安全评估．     

基于聚类椭球模型的不确定性传播分析

针对随机结构提出了基于聚类椭球模型的非概率不确定性传播方法。首先,将聚类椭球模型分解成多个子椭球模型;然后,在各个子椭球模型中求解结构响应的子边界;接着,在所有子椭球模型内的子边界中寻优,获得响应的边界。考虑到计算精度和效率等问题,引入传统非概率不确定性传播策略和基于功能度量法的传播策略,分别对响应的子边界进行计算;最后,通过数值算例验证了本文方法的有效性。     

基于微粒群算法的区间模型非概率可靠性指标的计算

把工程实际中的不确定参数考虑为区间变量,研究基于微粒群算法的区间模型非概率可靠性指标的计算。利用非概率可靠性指标只存在于过标准化区间变量张成的空间顶点和原点的直线与功能函数的交点,建立基于微粒群算法的优化模型,并对目标函数进行改进,使其更利于优化计算。一系列数值算例和与以前方法的比较证明了该方法计算简便,结论较为精确,具有一定的可行性。     

简支梁大变形的优化算法

提出一种求解几何非线性问题的优化算法,并研究了简支梁的几何非线性大变形问题。首先取简支梁大变形后的平衡状态为研究对象,分别创建它的变分模型和微分模型;然后基于微分模型,通过动坐标的迭代关系式求得微段端点坐标,构建微段端点未知坐标的目标函数;最后确定简支梁几何非线性大变形的最优化问题,并编制相应优化程序进行求解。通过分析典型算例,并同有限元方法的计算结果相比较,表明提出的优化算法在求解强几何非线性大变形问题中的正确性,为处理几何非线性大变形问题提供了一种新方法。     

基于频响函数提升小波总能量的桁架结构随机模型修正

为了解决模型修正问题中的随机性,构建了一种基于提升小波总能量的随机模型修正方法.首先,将结 构的加速度频响函数进行提升小波变换,并提取提升小波总能量来代替加速度频响函数;然后,以待修正参数作为输入,提升小波总能量为输出构建响应面代理模型代替原来的有限元模型;接着,运用蒙特卡洛抽样抽取响应样本,并设定阈值筛选响应样本;最后,以代理模型预测得到的响应和抽样所得真实响应之间的差值最小为 目标函数,通过布谷鸟优化算法寻优求解待修正参数的均值.算例表明,所提方法修正后参数的最大误差小于3.3％,相应的频响函数曲线重合度高.     

基于迭代更新近似模型的车内噪声优化

基于声固耦合分析与迭代更新近似模型对车身板件进行了优化。首先通过板件声学贡献量分析,确定影响车内噪声的关键板件,将其厚度作为设计变量,在减少计算量的同时去除了无关变量的干扰。然后建立不同激励下驾驶员右耳处最大声压与关键板件厚度之间的组合近似模型,对其进行多目标优化并采用序列二次规划和K均值聚类算法对近似模型进行更新,使得采样样本逐渐靠近Pareto前沿,从而提高近似模型在Pareto前沿上的精度。优化结果表明,迭代更新近似模型能够有效优化车身结构,在保证轻量化的同时,降低了车内噪声。     

A nonlinear subspace-prediction error method for identification of nonlinear vibrating structures

The industrial structural systems always contain various kinds of nonlinear factors. Recently, a number of new approaches have been proposed to identify those nonlinear structures. One of the promising methods is the nonlinear subspace identification method (NSIM). The NSIM is derived from the principals of the stochastic subspace identification method (SSIM) and the internal feedback formulation. First, the nonlinearities in the system are regarded as internal feedback forces to its underlying linear dynamic system. The linear and nonlinear components of the identified system can be decoupled. Second, the SSIM is employed to identify the nonlinear coefficients and the frequency response functions of the underlying linear system. A typical SSIM always consists of two steps. The first step makes a projection of certain subspaces generated from the data to identify the extended observability matrix. The second one is to estimate the system matrices from the identified observability matrix. Since the calculated process of the NSIM is non-iterative and this method poses no additional problems on the part of parameterization, the NSIM becomes a promising approach to identify nonlinear structural systems. However, the result generated by the NSIM has its deficiency. One of the drawbacks is that the identified results calculated by the NSIM are not the optimal solutions which reduce the identified accuracy. In this study, a new time-domain subspace method, namely the nonlinear subspace-prediction error method (NSPEM), is proposed to improve the identified accuracy of nonlinear systems. In the improved version of the NSIM, the prediction error method (PEM) is used to reestimate those estimated coefficient matrices of the state-space model after the application of NSIM. With the help of the PEM, the identified results obtained by the NSPEM can truly become the optimal solution in the least square sense. Two numerical examples with local nonlinearities are provided to illustrate the effectiveness and accuracy of the proposed algorithm, showing advantages with respect to the NSIM in a noise environment.     

On the strategy for processing modal shapes with the clustered natural frequencies

In this paper, it is pointed out that when several natural frequencies of a structure are clustered in a narrow band the individual modal shapes are very hard to measure or calculate with acceptable accuracy, whereas the invariant subspace spanned by them can be easily determined. It is recommanded that the sine of the included angle of two subspaces of equal dimensions may be used as an index for measuring the difference of the subspaces. A simple method is proposed for calculating the cosine of the included angle.The project was supported by National Natural Science Foundation of China.     

A new technique to generate independent periodic attractors in the state space of nonlinear dynamic systems

This paper proposes a method to generate several independent periodic attractors, in continuous-time nonchaotic systems (with an equilibrium point or a limit cycle), based on a switching piecewise-constant controller. We demonstrate here that the state space equidistant repartition of these attractors is on a precise zone of a precise curve that depends on the parameters of the system. We determine the state space domains where the attractors are generated from different initial conditions. A mathematical formula giving their maximal number in function of the controller piecewise-constant values is then deduced. Throughout this study, the proposed methodology is illustrated with several examples.     

Method of change of the subspace of control parameters and its application to problems of synthesis of nonlinearly deformable axisymmetric thin-walled structures

The theoretical foundations, methods, and algorithms developed to analyze the stability and postbuckling behavior of thin elastic axisymmetric shells are discussed. The algorithm for numerically studying the processes of nonlinear deformation of thin-walled axisymmetric shells by the solution parametric continuation method is generalized to solving the practical problem of design of mechanical actuators of discrete action. The synthesis algorithm is based on the method of changing the subspace of control parameters, which is supplemented with the procedure of smooth transition in changing the subspaces. The efficiency of the proposed algorithm is illustrated by an example of synthesis of a thermobimetallic actuator of discrete action. The procedure of determining an isolated solution, whose existencewas predicted byV. I. Feodosiev, is considered in the framework of studying the process of nonlinear deformation of a corrugated membrane loaded by an external pressure.     

概率密度演化方程TVD格式的自适应时间步长技术及其初值条件改进

随机性普遍存在于实际工程问题中,而复杂结构的非线性随机响应分析是其中的一个难点,近年发展的概率密度演化方法为此类问题的求解提供了新的途径.由于实际问题的复杂性,概率密度演化方程通常采用数值方法求解,因此提高计算效率和求解精度对实际应用具有重要意义.本文基于变网格技术,推导了概率密度演化方程在非均匀时间步长上的总变差减小(total variation diminishing,TVD)差分格式,算例结果表明通过自适应插值可将迭代次数减少为原来的43.4%,当随机过程样本持续时间增大时均值估计的平均误差基本不变,而标准差估计的平均误差不断增大,但增大幅度不断减小;计算耗时随样本持续时间的增大也呈增大趋势,而由于使用了时间步长自适应插值算法导致有些情况下长持时样本的计算耗时反而比短持时样本的计算耗时短;在传统的脉冲函数型初值条件基础上,提出了一种高阶导数更稳定的余弦函数型初值条件形式.结果表明,脉冲函数型的初值条件是余弦函数型初值条件的一个特例,当参数取值适当时,余弦函数型初值条件的数值求解结果具有更高的精度.本文的工作进一步完善了概率密度演化方程的求解方法,为其在实际工程中的应用提供了基础.      

一种改进的均匀各向同性湍流初始化方法

均匀各向同性湍流是一种最简单的湍流理想状态,也是湍流基础理论研究的最重要对象之一.为了用数值方法产生均匀各向同性湍流场,一般采用Rogallo提出的方法在谱空间生成初始场,然后再转换到物理空间.研究表明,由该方法生成的初始湍流场在3个棱向上呈各向异性,在结构函数和速度概率密度分布上均有体现.尽管在初始场样本很多时,这种各向异性可以在平均意义上消除,但作为数值模拟采用的单个流场则波动较大,不利于在实际计算中作为单个初始场生成各向同性湍流.在此基础上提出一种改进的Rogallo初始化方法,称为模量平均法,将Rogallo方法在3个轴向分别进行,并进行模量平均,最后采用能谱进行模量控制.这种方法可以一方面保持初始场能谱,另一方面减小单个流场的各向异性波动,以产生各向同性程度更佳的单个初始场.在统计意义上,新方法可以分别将结构函数和速度概率密度的相对标准差减小约10%.     

Mechanisms of prestressed reticulate systems with unilateral stiffened components

The stability of space reticulate systems is dependent on the existence of mechanisms. The methods that have been developed to determine them are mainly based on the calculation of a basis of the mechanisms' vectorial subspace by computing the kernel of the transpose equilibrium matrix of the structure. However, they can only consider a bilateral stiffness of the members, which applies to the case for systems composed of bars with traction and compression stiffness. Nevertheless, some classes of reticulate systems, like tensegrity systems, use unilateral rigidity components such as cables. The objective of this paper is to develop a method for calculating the mechanisms which can take into consideration the presence of components with unilateral rigidity. In this case, specific mechanisms associated with these elements may appear; these are referred to as “unilateral mechanisms”. An approach is therefore proposed in order to write a basis of their vectorial subspace. It is included in a methodology devoted to the analysis of space structures with initial stresses. The process is based on the identification of the possible prestress states and of the bilateral mechanisms and, next, to the characterization of the unilateral mechanisms.     

基于Kriging的泡沫填充锥形薄壁结构耐撞性6σ稳健性优化设计

锥形薄壁结构的耐撞性设计过程中,其设计变量和噪声因素都具有一定的波动性,都存在不确定性.传统的优化设计方法由于忽略不确定因素的影响,当设计变量产生波动时,往往会引起设计最优目标超出约束界限或者目标函数对设计变量的波动极为敏感,从而导致设计失效.为了考虑参数的不确定影响,论文提出了一种结合试验设计技术、Kriging近似...     

可靠性灵敏度函数及其特征指标的条件概率模拟求解方法

可靠性分析中基本变量分布参数为区间均匀变量时,失效概率为分布参数的函数。基于条件概率马尔科夫链模拟,提出了一种可靠性灵敏度函数的求解方法,并提出了一种新的可靠性灵敏度度量指标,它为参数可靠性灵敏度函数在参数空间上的期望。文中推导了线性极限状态正态变量下全局灵敏度函数及新指标的计算式.并提出了高效的基于条件概率马尔科夫链...