覆冰导线气动力特性的规律性研究

采用数值模拟结合风洞试验验证的方法对影响覆冰导线气动力特性的主要因素进行规律性研究,建立了覆冰导线周围的空气流场二维CFD模型.对比湖北省中山口覆冰分裂导线的数值计算结果与风洞试验数据,验证CFD数值模拟方法的准确度和可靠性.在此基础上将CFD数值模拟方法推广至更多工况下的覆冰导线气动力系数数值模拟中,考察了覆冰导线气动力系数随覆冰形状、覆冰厚度、来流风速、导线分裂数目的影响规律.结果表明,该方法是一种实用、有效、准确的气动力系数数值模拟方法,所得气动力系数的变化规律对覆冰导线空气动力特性及舞动研究具有一定的指导意义.     

扇形覆冰特高压八分裂导线舞动特性分析

考虑到重冰区的特高压输电线路更容易形成接近扇形的覆冰,结合风洞实验及数值模拟方法研究了扇形覆冰八分裂导线的舞动特征。通过扇形覆冰八分裂输电线的节段模型风洞实验,获得各覆冰子导线随风攻角变化的气动参数。在ABAQUS软件中建立单档扇形覆冰八分裂输电线路的有限元模型,通过程序UEL输入各覆冰子导线的气动参数,根据数值模拟结果可获得舞动轨迹及振幅等舞动特征,最后讨论了风速、档距和初始风攻角对八分裂导线舞动特征的影响。     

GALLOPING BEHAVIORS OF SECTOR-SHAPE ICED EIGHT BUNDLE CONDUCTORS1)

考虑到重冰区的特高压输电线路更容易形成接近扇形的覆冰,结合风洞实验及数值模拟方法研究了扇形覆冰八分裂导线的舞动特征。通过扇形覆冰八分裂输电线的节段模型风洞实验,获得各覆冰子导线随风攻角变化的气动参数。在ABAQUS软件中建立单档扇形覆冰八分裂输电线路的有限元模型,通过程序UEL输入各覆冰子导线的气动参数,根据数值模拟结果可获得舞动轨迹及振幅等舞动特征,最后讨论了风速、档距和初始风攻角对八分裂导线舞动特征的影响。     

D形覆冰六分裂导线空气动力系数数值模拟

利用FLUENT流体动力学分析软件计算D形覆冰六分裂导线在特定风速下的绕流问题,得到各覆冰子导线空气动力系数随风攻角的变化曲线.分析了迎风侧子导线尾流对背风侧子导线气动特性的影响.结果表明,D形覆冰六分裂导线各子导线的空气动力系数存在明显差异,在研究舞动及其防舞技术时有必要考虑这种差异.     

变化的气动力和电磁力对覆冰双分裂导线舞动的影响

基于FLUENT流体动力学软件对新月形覆冰双分裂导线绕流场进行了数值模拟,获得了各子导线阻力、升力及扭矩系数随子导线之间间距和风攻角的变化规律。进而利用ABAQUS用户自定义单元实现了随两子导线相对位置及风攻角变化的气动力、随子导线间间距变化的电磁力的施加,研究了随子导线间距变化的气动载荷以及电磁力对覆冰双分裂导线舞动的影响。分析了不同电流强度下双分裂导线的位移时程、运动轨迹、频率和子导线间间距时程等振动特征。结果表明,覆冰子导线相对位置变化对背风侧子导线的气动特性影响明显,电磁力及变化的气动力对分裂导线舞动特征的影响不可忽略。     

不同自由度下覆冰四分裂导线舞动特征分析

基于哈密顿变分准则，推导了单档导线的振动控制方程，通过建立的气动荷载模型得到考虑气动荷载影响的覆冰导线舞动控制方程．进行风洞试验并得到覆冰四分裂导线的三分力气动系数，利用泰勒定律将气动系数在攻角α = 0处展开，得到了气动系数的三次拟合曲线．采用摄动法求解了二自由度下覆冰导线的位移响应，接着采用数值法求解了三自由度下覆冰导线的位移响应．最后，通过具体的数值算例分析了两者位移响应的区别．算例分析表明：二自由度下覆冰导线的位移响应与三自由度下覆冰导线的位移响应存在一定的区别，三自由度下覆冰导线的舞动更符合导线真实状态下的舞动，其结果更具有参考价值．     

匀减速风场下覆冰导线舞动的数值模拟研究

借助Galerkin法对覆冰导线连续体模型进行面内和扭转前二阶模态的截断,得到了导线系统的常微分方程;并采用傅里叶谐波构建了梯形风场,以模拟覆冰导线在风停(风速骤降)过程中的舞动行为。数值模拟了导线在不同骤降风场工况下的动态响应,并与相同舞动条件下匀速风场的舞动结果进行了对比分析。研究表明:风停(风速骤降)时,覆冰导线的舞动加剧,舞动幅值远大于匀速风场中的舞动幅值,且该风速变化对扭转一阶模态影响更明显,对面内二阶模态无明显影响。风停前风速越大、风停耗时越短、风速减小幅度越大时,覆冰导线的舞动行为越剧烈。     

六分裂导线试验线路双摆防舞器防舞效果数值模拟研究

针对真型输电线路综合试验基地六分裂线路段,利用ABAQUS软件建立覆冰六分裂导线有限元模型,数值模拟覆冰导线在风荷载作用下的舞动过程,将数值模拟结果与现场实测结果进行分析比较.进一步建立双摆防舞器数值模型,实现了安装防舞器后导线动力响应的数值模拟方法.数值模拟结果表明,在试验线路上现有双摆防舞器防舞效果差,与现场观测一致.对安装不同双摆防舞器线路的动力响应过程模拟结果表明,通过改进双摆防舞器参数和安装方案,可以对舞动产生有效的抑制效果.     

考虑温度效应的覆冰导线动力学建模及舞动特征研究

针对以往研究忽略了温度效应对覆冰导线舞动特性的影响,本文推导了考虑温度效应影响的覆冰导线舞动控制方程。基于悬链法、热应力理论推导了覆冰导线的偏微分舞动方程,接着通过Galerkin法将该偏微分方程转化为常微分方程。建立气动载荷模型,将气动力引入到舞动方程中,随后采用多尺度求得了覆冰导线的位移响应,最后进行了参数分析、算例分析。结果表明:温度对覆冰导线面内、面外的频率影响显著,且对覆冰导线舞动的幅值也有一定的影响。可见针对覆冰导线舞动特征的影响研究,有必要考虑温度效应的影响,本文的研究成果有利于理论建模的完善,也能给予实际工程一定的参考。     

一种新的覆冰导线舞动非线性有限元分析方法

本文基于Hamilton原理,建立了耦合三个平动自由度和一个扭转自由度以及偏心覆冰作用下导线的非线性舞动方程,提出了一种新的覆冰导线舞动分析非线性有限元模型,将相邻跨导线和绝缘子等效为线性弹簧单元,同时考虑覆冰导线非线性气动力和大幅舞动的几何非线性,采用Newmark-β时间积分结合修正的Newton-Raphson非线性迭代求解舞动有限元方程。本文数值解与D形覆冰导线舞动实测值无论在振幅还是频率方面均吻合得非常好,证明了本文新提出的导线舞动有限元模型的准确性。本文研究还表明：舞动是一种以上下运动为主的低频振动,通常发生在一阶上下自振频率附近,其振幅和频率由输电线路的物理参数和风载荷唯一确定,与初始运动状态无关。     

WIND TUNNEL TEST AND STABILITY STUDY OF ICED QUAD BUNDLE CONDUCTOR1)

通过覆冰四分裂导线与单导线风洞试验,得到了4种不同工况下的空气动力系数,接着采用等效替代法得到关于四分裂导线中心轴的等效气动力系数,再将该系数与相同条件下进行风洞试验所得的单导线气动力系数作对比。结合Den Hartog横向驰振机理与Nigol扭转稳定机理,分析了等效后覆冰四分裂导线的稳定区与不稳定区,并将其与单导线的稳定区与不稳区作对比,分析了两者的失稳。本文所得结论能对覆冰导线舞动研究与仿舞技术研究有一定的参考价值。     

Modes computation and analysis for long multi-span bundle conductors of power transmission lines with galloping control devices

A new type of element which is suitable for solving the modes of the galloping long multi-span bundle conductor structures is presented. The element is composed of all sub-conductor segments between two spacers. Based on the linearized governing differential equations of the conductors, the mass matrix and stiffness matrix of the element in consideration of the constrained relations imposed on the conductors by spacers are derived. The dynamic characteristics of the galloping control devices can be directly added to the element. The modes for an actual power line structure are computed by using the element formula and FEM procedures, where seven cases of different galloping control device allocations are considered. Compared with the measured data, the method is shown to be reliable and effective. Analysis and discussions of the computational results are given. Some hints that are helpful to further investigation of galloping are also obtained.     

AUTOMATED WIND TUNNEL MEASUREMENTS

It is common practice in power transmission to use bundled overhead electrical conductors because the lower rate of corona discharge, compared with single conductors, makes the bundle attractive for high voltages. However, secondary problems may arise from the vibrations induced by the aerodynamic forces which act on the leeward conductors as a result of their immersion in the wake of a windward conductor. Thus, in addition to possible aeolian and galloping oscillations observed for a single conductor, bundle conductors may also be subjected to wake-induced oscillations. ^1,2 Although extensive research has been done on the aeroelastic behavior of single and bundled conductors which are bare, little is known about the galloping or wake oscillation characteristics of given bundle conductors which, depending upon the environmental conditions during the formation of ice, may have five or so representative shaped cross-sections. One important task involves the aerodynamic quasi-static force and moment measurements in a wind tunnel using full scale conductor cross-sections each of which must be rotated through many angles at different spacings. Such measurements are repetitive as well as tediously time consuming and, hence, are beneficially automated. A reliable, accurate and inexpensive automated apparatus is described in this paper which permits the aerodynamic measurements to be performed efficiently and without intervention. Most importantly, it relieves the operator of the usual responsibility for manually controlling the separation and orientation of the sections as well as the need to manually compensate fluctuations in the free stream air speed. For simplicity, the apparatus is detailed in the context of a twin bundle conductor.     

Nonlinear numerical simulation method for galloping of iced conductor

Based on the principle of virtual work, an updated Lagrangian finite element formulation for the geometrical large deformation analysis of galloping of the iced conductor in an overhead transmission line is developed. In numerical simulation, a three-node isoparametric cable element with three translational and one torsional degrees-of-freedom at each node is used to discretize the transmission line. The nonlinear dynamic system equation is solved with the Newmark time integration method and the Newton-Raphson nonlinear iteration. Numerical examples demonstrate the efficiency of the presented method and the developed finite element program. A new possible galloping mode, which may reflect the saturation phenomenon of a nonlinear dynamic system, is discovered under the condition that the lowest order of vertical natural frequency of the transmission line is approximately two times of the horizontal one.     

气动力⁃安培力⁃谐波激励作用下载流导线的非线性振动特征

研究了气动力-安培力-受迫激励联合作用下载流新月形覆冰导线的振动特征,在传统只考虑安培力的载 流导线振动方程中引入了气动力和受迫激励项,使得模型更加符合实际工程．首先建立了载流新月形覆冰输电 导线模型,接着推导了载流覆冰导线模型的振动方程,利用Galerkin方法将该振动方程转变为有限维度的常微 分方程,采用多尺度法进行摄动求解,求得幅-频响应函数,并对比分析主共振情况下考虑气动力与不考虑气 动力时载流、间距、风速、张力、激励幅值对振动幅值的影响．研究结果表明：考虑气动力的振动幅值较未考 虑气动力时小．各线路参数对导线的幅值都有一定程度的影响,并且使系统表现出明显的软弹簧特征和复杂的 动力学行为．本文研究成果能为实际工程提供一定参考价值     

A study of the axial-torsional coupling effect on a sagged transmission line

Two mechanisms have been proposed to explain the low-frequency phenomenon of power-transmission-line galloping: the Den Hartog theory and the torsional theory. The current study proposes that the axial-torsional coupling parameter provides one tentative explanation for the torsional theory. Simpson's dynamic model was used as the basic model with modifications made to incorporate the mechanical coupling effects between axial tension and torsion of the conductor. Both the cubic-spline and the Runge-Kutta numerical techniques were used in a computer simulation of conductor dynamics. The validity of the computer-simulation results was checked against the taut string model, Shea's critical-sag criterion, and experiments with a thin-wire catenary. The results from this study show that vertical motion can be mechanically induced by the torsional motion of the cable in the absence of any air flow.