有限元计算细观力学对复合材料力学行为的数值分析

有限元计算细观力学的发展是近十年来细观计算力学发展的主要特征和推动力．本文综述了有限元计算细观力学近十年来应用于复合材料力学行为分析研究方面的进展．介绍了基本的数值模型和计算方法，重点评述了强度和损伤等协同效应问题上的最新研究成果．最后对有限元计算细观力学应用于材料设计的前景做了展望     

THE APPLICATION OF VARIATIONAL MULTISCALE METHOD ON A ONE-DIMENSIONAL MECHANICAL MODEL

将变分多尺度方法应用于一维缆索模型,导出受力缆索的宏观有限元模型并求得细观位移解析解,总结出变分多尺度方法应用于具体模型的关键点和缺陷. 假定刚度为常值,数值模拟一定边界和受力下的缆索,得到宏观和细观位移. 将细观与宏观位移叠加,相比于精确位移得出：细观位移可视为常规有限元模型的后验误差. 变分多尺度方法在一维力学模型中的成功应用,推进了其实用性,为其在更多力学及工程问题中的运用和发展提供了参考.     

具有不同功能梯度分布函数的板件的三维分析

发展了一种新颖的功能梯度结构分析的细观元法。细观元法对结构的常规有限单元内部设置密集细观单元以反映材料特性梯度变化,又通过协调条件将各细观元结点自由度转换为同一常规有限元自由度,再上机计算。这种细观元法既能充分反映材料功能梯度变化特性;而其计算单元又和常规有限元一样,是一种针对功能梯度结构分析的有效数值方法。文中通过细观元技术进行计算、分析,给出了具有不同功能梯度分布函数板件的力学量三维分布形态。     

沿板平面材料梯度变化功能材料板件分析

本文发展一种功能梯度构件分析的细观元法.细观元法在构件的常规有限元内部设置密集观细单元以反映材料特性变化,又通过协调条件将各细观元结点自由度转换为同一常规有限元自由度,再上机计算.这种细观元法既能充分反映材料功能梯度沿各方向任意变化特性;而其计算单元又和常规有限元一样,是一种针对功能梯度结构分析的有效数值方法.现有功能梯度板件分析中无论对不同形状还是不同边界的功能梯度构件,其材料特性均沿板厚度方向梯度变化,本文用细观元法进行计算与分析,给出了目前尚未得到的沿板平面方向功能梯度变化构件的力学量三维分布形态.     

基于降阶均匀化理论的混凝土双尺度力学性能分析

混凝土材料细观特性对宏观力学性能有着重要影响。为进一步分析混凝土细观特性对宏观力学行为的影响规律,将混凝土材料简化为由骨料、砂浆和界面三相组成,编制了随机凸多面体骨料生成、投放和网格剖分算法,建立可用于有限元计算的满足级配要求的随机细观模型。针对直接使用细观力学模型计算量较大的问题,采用降阶均匀化理论,对混凝土细观胞元模型进行预处理并编制了相应的双尺度计算程序。对不同强度混凝土进行了单轴静态压缩双尺度计算,与实验数据和细观力学模拟结果符合较好。研究表明,降阶均匀化理论在加快求解速度的同时具有较高的精度,可以用于混凝土的多尺度力学性能分析。     

纤维增强复合材料风机叶片宏细观一体化有限元分析An unified FEM for macroscopic and mesoscopic analysis of fiber reinforced composite fan blades

为了建立纤维增强复合材料风机叶片宏观性能和细观组分的直接关联，得到一般有限元分析时无法获得的细观参量值，利用FORTRAN程序把细观力学的失效／损伤分析模块，嵌入到有限元软件ABAQUS中的USD‐FLD 用户子程序中，建立了风机叶片宏细观一体化模型。该模型能够实现基于细观组分级损伤／失效判据的宏细观渐进损伤分析和强度预报功能。该模型计算结果与文献中的试验结果有较好的一致性。     

纤维增强复合材料风机叶片宏细观一体化有限元分析

为了建立纤维增强复合材料风机叶片宏观性能和细观组分的直接关联,得到一般有限元分析时无法获得的细观参量值,利用FORTRAN程序把细观力学的失效/损伤分析模块,嵌入到有限元软件ABAQUS中的USDFLD用户子程序中,建立了风机叶片宏细观一体化模型。该模型能够实现基于细观组分级损伤/失效判据的宏细观渐进损伤分析和强度预报功能。该模型计算结果与文献中的试验结果有较好的一致性。     

中国力学学会2004年国际、国内学术活动计划

序号 会议名称第六届全国细观力学学术会议 学术内容及议题交流近两年来在细观力学领域取得的新成果,促进各方面对细观力学的了解和重视,进一步推动细观力学的发展第六届全国实验流体力学会议流体力学与空气动力学实验技术研究;流体力学与空气动力学各学科课题实验研究4月18、23日801太原全国非线性有限元学习班邀请美国西北大学Ted Belytsehko教授讲学,内容:连续体和结构的非线性有限元等6月15、17日待定!北京复合材料力学研讨会复合材料力学行为的表征、测试;复合材料细观力学;复合材料结构力学;复合材料应用中的力学问题6月301大连350一…     

混凝土材料宏观力学特性分析的细观单元等效化模型

提出了一种混凝土材料宏观力学特性分析的新方法—细观单元等效化模型。该方法从描述混凝土材料的细观尺度入手,采用Monte Carlo法生成由骨料颗粒及砂浆基质组成的混凝土试件的随机骨料模型;然后,依据混凝土材料特征单元尺度来剖分有限元网格并投影到建立的随机骨料模型上,各细观单元的有效力学特性则采用复合材料等效化方法来确定。本文方法体现了材料非线性宏观力学特性源于其内在的不均匀性这一认识,而对不均匀性的描述则是以网格剖分是否影响其宏观力学特性为准则。因此,本文方法较其他细观力学方法最大的优点在于极大地减小了体系自由度数目（特别是对于三维问题）,从而提高了计算效率。算例分析初步验证了本文方法的高效性。     

颗粒增强复合材料有效性能的三维数值分析

将细观力学和计算力学方法相结合用以确定复合材料中的局部和平均应力－应变场．对旋转体和非旋转体颗粒增强复合材料的有效模量进行了三维有限元数值计算，数值与实验结果对比表明，该方法是有效的、可靠的．分析了颗粒的排列分布、颗粒取向和颗粒的几何形状对有效模量的影响．数值结果表明，颗粒的排列对有效轴向弹性模量影响较大．颗粒的取向和颗粒的形状对有效性能的影响也是显著的     

Preface: Current research progress on mechanics of high speed rail

The construction and operation of high-speed rail（HSR）grid within the past two decades in China,in terms of the scale,may be possibly comparable to any national-wide construction in the history of China,even the Great Wall.By counting railways with commercial train service at the speed of200 km/h,China has the world’s longest HSR network with over 19 369.8 km of track in service today and this number     

ACTA MECHANICA SINICA 2014 ANNUAL SUBJECT INDEX

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人造地震动合成中的位移误差分析

三角函数级数法是合成人工地震动常用算法之一,但是通过对加速度积分求取位移时,却存在与零线漂移相类似的位移漂移现象。     

Rainwater rivulets on a cable subject to windFilets d'eau de pluie sur un câble soumis au vent

Rainwater rivulets appear on inclined cables of cable-stayed bridges when wind and rain occur simultaneously. In a restricted range of parameters this is known to cause vibrations of high amplitudes on the cable. The mechanism underlying this effect is still under debate but the role of rainwater rivulets is certain. We use a standard lubrication model to analyse the dynamics of a water film on a cylinder under the effect of gravity and wind load. A simple criterion is then proposed for the appearance and position of rivulets, where the Froude number is the control parameter. Experiments with several geometries of cylinder covered with water in a wind tunnel show the evolution of the rivulets with the Froude number. Comparison of the prediction by the model with these experimental data shows that the main mechanism of rivulet formation and positioning is captured. To cite this article: C. Lemaitre et al., C. R. Mecanique 334 (2006).     

Hermitian space-time finite elements for estuarine mass transport

Space-time finite element solutions of the convection–dispersion equation using higher-order nodal continuity and Hermitian polynomial shape functions are described. Five separate elements ranging from a complete linear element with C^0,0 nodal continuity to a complete first-order Hermitian element with C^1,1 nodal continuity are subjected to detailed analysis. Wave deformation analyses identify the source of leading or trailing edge oscillations, trailing edge oscillations being the major source of difficulty. These observations are confirmed by numerical experiments which further demonstrate the potential of higher-order nodal continuity. The performance of the complete first-order Hermitian element is quite satisfactory and measurably superior to the linear element.     

Cristallisation par onde acoustique : le cas de l'héliumCrystallization by acoustic waves: the case of helium

We establish a theoretical model to explain the nucleation of a crystal of helium by an acoustic over-pressure. We explain the interfacial laws for this ultra-fast cristallization, close to the sound speed. Assuming spherical symmetry and taking into account the experimental data, we recover the dynamics of the growth and melting during an over-pressure impulse. To cite this article: M. Ben Amar et al., C. R. Mecanique 331 (2003).     

Structure initiale et propriétés de liquéfaction statique d'un sableInitial structure and static liquefaction properties of sand.

Based on the use of two different preparation procedures for reconstituting triaxial samples of sand, i.e. wet tamping and dry pluviation, significant differences in associated mechanical behaviour are observed on a reference sand with respect to the phenomenon of ‘static’ liquefaction. Wet tamping favours the initiation of liquefaction instability, whereas dry pluviation favours a more stable behaviour, less susceptible to liquefaction. Microscopic observation of corresponding sand specimens allows us to identify two well differentiated structures, i.e., for wet tamping, an irregular structure with predominance of aggregates (aggregated grains) and macropores, very contractant and unstable and, for dry pluviation, a more regular structure, without macropores, more dilatant and more stable. These observations show the importance of further characterization, based on the introduction of appropriate parameters, of the initial structure of sandy materials, strongly dependant upon their mode of formation (natural or artificial). To cite this article: N. Benahmed et al., C. R. Mecanique 332 (2004).     

Sources of Complexity in Human Systems

Complex is a special attribute we can give to many kinds of systems. Although it is used often as a synonym of difficult, it has a specific epistemological meaning, which is going to be shared by the incoming science of complexity. Difficult is an object which, by means of an adequate computational power, can be deterministically or stochastically predictable. On the contrary complex is an object which can not be predictable because of logical impossibility or because its predictability would require a computational power far beyond any physical feasibility, now and forever. For complexity refers to some observing system, it is always subjective, and thus it is defined as observed irreducible complexity. Human systems are affected by several sources of complexity, belonging to three classes, in order of descending restrictivity. Systems belonging to the first class are not predictable at all, those belonging to the second class are predictable only through an infinite computational capacity, and those belonging to the third class are predictable only through a trans-computational capacity. The first class has two sources of complexity: logical complexity, directly deriving from self-reference and Gödel's incompleteness theorems, and relational complexity, resulting in a sort of indeterminacy principle occurring in social systems. The second class has three sources of complexity: gnosiological complexity, which consists of the variety of possible perceptions; semiotic complexity, which represents the infinite possible interpretations of signs and facts; and chaotic complexity, which characterizes phenomena of nonlinear dynamic systems. The third class coincides with computational complexity, which basically coincides with the mathematical concept of intractability. Artificial, natural, biological and human systems are characterized by the influence of different sources of complexity, and the latter appear to be the most complex.