考虑水弹性影响的水下航行体结构动响应研究

考虑水弹性的影响,计及惯性力、水动力和弹性力之间的相互耦合作用,将水动力学方程和结构动力学方程联合求解,采用三维势流理论和边界元法推导并计算了水下航行体结构的附加质量矩阵,对带空泡水下航行体出水过程中的结构动响应问题进行了分析.      

单个三维气泡的动力学特性研究

模拟了单个气泡在重力场作用下动态特性,假设流场为无粘、无旋且不可压的理想流体,采用三角形单元离散流场边界,并用边界积分法求解流场,用Mixed-Eulerian-Lagrangian方法模拟气泡的演化,并在必要的时候采用三维光顺方法对气泡表面及其速度势分布进行光顺,使计算程序更准确,更稳定.在分析过程中,将本文三维模型的计算结果与Rayleigh-Plesset气泡模型及试验数据进行对比分析,三维模型的计算值与精确解及实验数据吻合很好,表明本文方法及计算模型具有较高的精度,并通过对比改变不同物理参数时对气泡运动周期及射流速度的影响,得出一些规律性的曲线,旨在为相关的水下气泡动力学分析提供参考.     

基于最大熵方法的水下航行体结构动力响应概率建模

水下航行体结构承受的水动力外载荷具有显著的时空分布不确定性,其引发的结构动力响应,诸如结构最大内力、最大内力发生时刻、最大内力发生位置等也由此产生了不确定性;同时,水下航行体的动力响应还会因其连接或分离结构的拉压刚度不同而出现非线性特征. 为了在水动力外载荷样本有限的基础上,分析水下航行体结构连接非线性对动力响应统计特性的影响, 利用水下航行体结构的简化动力学模型,计算了水动力横向载荷作用下响应的样本统计矩,采用最大熵方法实现了动力响应的概率建模. 在分别求出结构最大内力、最大内力发生时刻、最大内力发生位置的概率密度函数后,通过与蒙特卡洛模拟结果对比验证了最大熵方法拟合的响应概率密度函数精度;而后,基于这些结构响应概率密度曲线讨论了系统连接非线性参数变化对结构动力响应的影响. 最终得出如下结论:连接非线性会导致结构在只有横向力的作用时产生的轴力响应,并且最大轴力概率密度函数峰值会因连接结构非线性程度增大而逐渐增大;连接非线性对不确定性传播有显著影响,当连接非线性比较强时,输入正态分布的载荷所得到的内力响应不是正态分布的;最大内力响应的发生位置也会受到连接非线性程度的影响. 上述结果可以为结构优化提供技术支持.      

基于最大熵方法的水下航行体结构动力响应概率建模

水下航行体结构承受的水动力外载荷具有显著的时空分布不确定性,其引发的结构动力响应,诸如结构最大内力、最大内力发生时刻、最大内力发生位置等也由此产生了不确定性;同时,水下航行体的动力响应还会因其连接或分离结构的拉压刚度不同而出现非线性特征.为了在水动力外载荷样本有限的基础上,分析水下航行体结构连接非线性对动力响应统计特性的影响,利用水下航行体结构的简化动力学模型,计算了水动力横向载荷作用下响应的样本统计矩,采用最大熵方法实现了动力响应的概率建模.在分别求出结构最大内力、最大内力发生时刻、最大内力发生位置的概率密度函数后,通过与蒙特卡洛模拟结果对比验证了最大熵方法拟合的响应概率密度函数精度;而后,基于这些结构响应概率密度曲线讨论了系统连接非线性参数变化对结构动力响应的影响.最终得出如下结论:连接非线性会导致结构在只有横向力的作用时产生的轴力响应,并且最大轴力概率密度函数峰值会因连接结构非线性程度增大而逐渐增大;连接非线性对不确定性传播有显著影响,当连接非线性比较强时,输入正态分布的载荷所得到的内力响应不是正态分布的;最大内力响应的发生位置也会受到连接非线性程度的影响.上述结果可以为结构优化提供技术支持.     

大长细比导弹的气动弹性降阶模型

对于大长细比导弹,需要在设计阶段准确计算气动弹性/气动伺服弹性,但其复杂的气动力给计算带来困难,因此气动力降阶模型是突破大长细比导弹跨音速气动弹性分析与控制瓶颈的关键技术.虽然气动力模型降阶方法已在预测二维机翼结构的气动弹性方面取得重要进展,但几乎未见关于全机模型的气动力降阶模型研究报道.本文基于递归Wiener模型的气动力降阶方法,利用CFD计算的气动力作为模型辨识数据,用鲁棒子空间和Levenberg-Marquardt算法辨识降阶模型参数,建立了大长细比导弹气动力降阶模型.在此基础上与大长细比导弹有限元模型相结合,构造出气动弹性降阶模型,并在数值仿真中测试气动弹性降阶模型在不同马赫数下的适用性.数值仿真结果表明,该气动弹性降阶模型能够精确预测导弹模型在不同飞行条件下的非定常气动力和导弹模型的气动弹性频率响应特性.     

飞行器气动参数辨识进展

飞行器气动参数辨识研究的主题,是应用系统辨识技术从飞行试验数据求取气动力,从而建立飞行器动力学系统的数学模型.它研究的对象是飞行器;解决的是空气动力学问题;采用的基本方程是飞行动力学的运动方程组;应用的研究手段是现代控制论的滤波、预测和估计理论.它是处于空气动力学、飞行力学、弹性力学和现代控制论之间的应用性研究课题. 本文综述了国内外公开发表的飞行器参数辨识研究的理论结果和实践经验,分八个专题——模型辨识,参数估计,数据预处理和相容性检验,试验设计与最佳输入,弹性与非定常效应,频域辨识,闭环辨识,辨识准度与系统验证——评述其研究进展和现状.      

电子器件隔振系统的神经网络杂交建模研究

对一个由四个钢丝绳隔振器组成的某电子器件隔振系统动力学特性进行了神经网络杂交建模.建立了隔振系统的刚体动力学方程,发展了一种根据实验数据间接确定隔振器恢复力的方法.通过网络训练获得了描述钢丝绳隔振器恢复力特性的神经网络模型,与系统运动方程结合构建了隔振系统的神经网络串连杂交模型.仿真结果表明,杂交模型在不同量级的简谐激励下,均能够较为准确地预测结构多点的稳态响应,因而具有较高的精度.此外,杂交模型包含了系统的物理参数,便于进行参数影响分析.     

水下航行体纵倾航行稳定性研究

水下航行体运动方程含有诸多的非线性项,用传统的分析方法全面处理非线性问题有一定的难度.运用非线性科学中的分叉理论,系统地分析在纵倾控制系统作用下,水下航行体在退化平衡点处的航行稳定性.利用等价变换可将高维系统约化到低维的包含了原系统全部动力学特性的中心流形上来研究,得到跨临界分叉范式;分叉图表明姿态失稳及不规则弹道的机理;用系统状态方程的数值计算结果验证了系统的分叉现象.为水下航行体纵倾控制系统的参数设计提供了理论依据.     

运动副摩擦参数的识别方法研究

采用粘性 库仑摩擦模型建立了单自由度回转机械系统运动微分方程,分别从时域和频域角度提出了两种识别运动副摩擦参数的方法。仿真结果表明,两种方法在较高信噪比下均能有效地辨识出库仑摩擦和粘性摩擦参数,其中频域法比时域法具有更高的参数估计精度。对电机驱动的单自由度转动机械系统实验装置的运动副建立了相应的摩擦模型,实验结果表明:在不同试验条件下两种方法计算得到的库仑和粘性摩擦参数具有较好重复性,从而验证了本文参数辨识方法的正确性。     

深海采矿机构转臂动力学建模与力学分析

深海采矿机构多关节转臂运动时受到海洋水动力作用,转臂驱动油缸力矩与变幅机构驱动力受到影响。分析了深海采矿机构转臂受水动力的影响,建立采矿转臂在调整采矿姿态时的动力学模型。基于采矿机构特定转臂尺寸实例,得出了关节驱动力矩与变幅机构油缸驱动力曲线,以及基于ADMAS模型关节驱动力矩曲线。通过对采矿转臂进行动力学数值求解与仿真分析,验证其动力学方程的正确性。     

Hydroelastic Effects of the Camber Ratio on A Ducted Marine Propeller in A Wake Flow

The effects of the camber ratio on the hydrodynamic and structural behaviors of a NACA-based ducted marine propeller in the wake flow behind an underwater axisymmetric body are numerically studied by computational fluid dynamics methods, in particular, the finite element method. The results are presented in terms of the efficiency, deflection, pressure coefficient, and natural frequencies. It is shown that the wake flow strongly affects the performance of the selected propulsion system. It is shown that the distributions of the camber ratio over the blades of the propeller nonlinearly changes its resistance against cavitation occurrence and deflection, and also changes its hydrodynamic performance and vibrational behavior.     

Numerical and experimental studies on the hydrodynamic damping of a zero-thrust propeller

Fluid added mass and damping are significant parameters when predicting the dynamic response of a submerged structure. The hydrodynamic damping of underwater rotating machinery is numerically and experimentally investigated by a zero-thrust propeller in this paper. The lifting surface method(LSM) combined with forced vibration was introduced as the numerical method to compute the corresponding unsteady thrust, while the experimental method of measuring added damping was accomplished by a propeller undergoing rotation combined heave motion. Results of the theoretical method are in good agreement with the experimental results before cavitation occurs, as cavitation is regarded to weaken the unsteady response of the propeller partly. The calculation results also show that both the frequency ratio(vibration frequency divided by rotation frequency) and the blade angle have a significant influence on the hydrodynamic damping. Therefore, the effect of blade angle on hydrodynamic damping should be considered during the design phase.     

CFD modeling of hydrodynamics and mass transfer of Rhodamine B in annular reactor

The hydrodynamics and mass transfer are the two crucial issues in annular reactors. An accurate prediction of these issues is required for design, optimization and scale-up applications. The present study deals with the modeling and simulation of flow through an annular reactor at different hydrodynamic conditions using computational fluid dynamics (CFD) to investigate the hydrodynamics and mass transfer. CFD modeling was utilized to predict velocity distribution, average velocity and average mass transfer coefficient in the annular geometry. The results of CFD simulations were compared with the mathematically derived equations and already developed correlations for validation purposes. CFD modeling was found suitable for predicting hydrodynamics and mass transfer for annular geometry under laminar flow conditions. It was observed that CFD also provides local values of the parameters of interest in addition to the average values for the simulated geometry.     

Effects of fundamental structure parameters on dynamic responses of submerged floating tunnel under hydrodynamic loads

This paper investigates the effects of structure parameters on dynamic responses of submerged floating tunnel （SFT） under hydrodynamic loads. The structure parameters includes buoyancy-weight ratio （BWR）, stiffness coefficients of the cable systems, tunnel net buoyancy and tunnel length. First, the importance of structural damp in relation to the dynamic responses of SPT is demonstrated and the mechanism of structural damp effect is discussed. Thereafter, the fundamental structure parameters are investigated through the analysis of SFT dynamic responses under hydrodynamic loads. The results indicate that the BWR of SFT is a key structure parameter. When BWR is 1.2, there is a remarkable trend change in the vertical dynamic response of SFT under hydrodynamic loads. The results also indicate that the ratio of the tunnel net buoyancy to the cable stiffness coefficient is not a characteristic factor affecting the dynamic responses of SFT under hydrodynamic loads.     

CFD‐based multi‐objective optimization method for ship design

This paper concerns development and demonstration of a computational fluid dynamics (CFD)‐based multi‐objective optimization method for ship design. Three main components of the method, i.e. computer‐aided design (CAD), CFD, and optimizer modules are functionally independent and replaceable. The CAD used in the present study is NAPA system, which is one of the leading CAD systems in ship design. The CFD method is FLOWPACK version 2004d, a Reynolds‐averaged Navier–Stokes (RaNS) solver developed by the present authors. The CFD method is implemented into a self‐propulsion simulator, where the RaNS solver is coupled with a propeller‐performance program. In addition, a maneuvering simulation model is developed and applied to predict ship maneuverability performance. Two nonlinear optimization algorithms are used in the present study, i.e. the successive quadratic programming and the multi‐objective genetic algorithm, while the former is mainly used to verify the results from the latter. For demonstration of the present method, a multi‐objective optimization problem is formulated where ship propulsion and maneuverability performances are considered. That is, the aim is to simultaneously minimize opposite hydrodynamic performances in design tradeoff. In the following, an overview of the present method is given, and results are presented and discussed for tanker stern optimization problem including detailed verification work on the present numerical schemes. Copyright © 2006 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

小口径超空泡子弹头部外形的优化设计

在水下高速运动时,小口径射弹周围的水会发生空化现象,阻力系数最优的弹头几何外形对应着射弹被空泡全包裹的超空泡状态。针对一种小口径射弹,可以利用计算流体力学（CFD）数值方法模拟含空化现象的气液两相流动,探究空泡形态和阻力系数与射弹头部几何外形的关系。选取三段锥形为基本射弹头形,采用分步优化方式对射弹头部外形进行了优化。同时,结合神经网络与序列二次规划（SQP）算法减少优化过程中的计算量,缩短了优化工作所需的总时间。优化后的射弹阻力系数比优化前的减小约30%,且能够形成包裹全弹体的超空泡。     

Interpolation-based reduced-order modelling for steady transonic flows via manifold learning

This paper presents a parametric reduced-order model (ROM) based on manifold learning (ML) for use in steady transonic aerodynamic applications. The main objective of this work is to derive an efficient ROM that exploits the low-dimensional nonlinear solution manifold to ensure an improved treatment of the nonlinearities involved in varying the inflow conditions to obtain an accurate prediction of shocks. The reduced-order representation of the data is derived using the Isomap ML method, which is applied to a set of sampled computational fluid dynamics (CFD) data. In order to develop a ROM that has the ability to predict approximate CFD solutions at untried parameter combinations, Isomap is coupled with an interpolation method to capture the variations in parameters like the angle of attack or the Mach number. Furthermore, an approximate local inverse mapping from the reduced-order representation to the full CFD solution space is introduced. The proposed ROM, called Isomap+I, is applied to the two-dimensional NACA 64A010 airfoil and to the 3D LANN wing. The results are compared to those obtained by proper orthogonal decomposition plus interpolation (POD+I) and to the full-order CFD model.     

一种基于“当前”统计模型的DVL/SIMU船位推算方法

船位推算是水下航行器自主导航定位的重要手段。当采用对流工作模式的多普勒计程仪进行船位推算时,测速精度受海流影响较大,由此引起的船位推算误差较大。针对此问题,提出一种基于机动目标"当前"统计模型的水下组合导航模式,通过增加加速度观测信息,采用加速度均值、方差自适应Kalman滤波算法实现线运动参数的估计和流速修正并进行了仿真实验验证。仿真结果表明,使用本方法能得到较为准确的流速估计值,相同条件下使用加速度信息辅助船位推算比纯船位推算的定位精度有较大提高,其精度优于1 n mile/h。     

Calculating buoy response for a wave energy converter-A comparison of two computational methods and experimental results

When designing a wave power plant, reliable and fast simulation tools are required. Computational fluid dynamics(CFD) software provides high accuracy but with a very high computational cost, and in operational, moderate sea states, linear potential flow theories may be sufficient to model the hydrodynamics. In this paper, a model is built in COMSOL Multiphysics to solve for the hydrodynamic parameters of a point-absorbing wave energy device. The results are compared with a linear model where the hydrodynamical parameters are computed using WAMIT, and to experimental results from the Lysekil research site. The agreement with experimental data is good for both numerical models.