基于导波技术的螺柱轴力无损检测

根据弹性动力学理论,采用纵向导波与弯曲导波相结合的方法对螺柱所受轴向应力进行无损检测。计算了M22螺柱中纵向导波和弯曲导波的群速度频散曲线。根据频散曲线,确定了采用导波对螺柱轴向应力进行无损检测的最优检测信号频率范围(50~80 kHz),此频率范围的纵向导波与弯曲导波模态单一,并且频散性较低。分别计算了不同轴向应力σ作用下,多种频率的纵向导波和和弯曲导波在螺柱中传播的群速度值cgσrL和cgσrF。结果表明,随着轴向应力的增大,同频率纵向导波和弯曲导波的群速度皆呈线性递减趋势。利用纵向导波和弯曲导波群速度与轴向应力的线性关系及纵向导波和弯曲导波在轴向应力作用螺柱端面的反射时间tLσ和tσF,可以迅速确定螺柱所受轴向应力值。     

Using laser ultrasonics for nondestructive residual stress evaluation

A non-contact measuring technique of ultrasonic waves velocity is proposed, in which Rayleigh waves are detected by a laser Doppler velocimeter and the velocity is measured precisely by means of a sing-around unit and a digital oscilloscope. With the proposed technique, the acoustoelastic coefficient of Rayleigh waves in mild steel SS41 is obtained, which is in good agreement with that obtained by the contact method. Furthermore the non-contact technique is applied to evaluate the residual stress in a butt-welded steel plate, the result is reasonable.     

应力波的激光产生和检测

应力波的激光产生和检测，是一个受到各领域专家关注的、在无损检测和应用力学等方面有着极大应用潜力和研究兴趣的新兴领域。针对其力学方面、实验技术和应用前景等，本文对有关原理、方法、技术和实用进行了简要的归纳与总结。     

Stress concentration around a spheroidal crack caused by a harmonic wave incident at an arbitrary angle

A method is proposed to study the stress concentration around a shallow spheroidal crack in an infinite elastic body. The stress concentration is due to the diffraction of a low-frequency plane longitudinal wave by the crack. The direction of wave propagation is established in which the combined concentration of mode I and mode II stresses is maximum __________ Translated from Prikladnaya Mekhanika, Vol. 42, No. 1, pp. 70–77, January 2006.     

用磁性探头检测承受偏心载荷的开口钢环的应力分布

用磁性探头测量了45~#钢制开口环在承受偏心载荷作用下的应力分布,与有机玻璃试样的光弹检测结果基本一致.本工作将探测到的感生电压积分,直接获得磁感强度峰值与待测应力的函数关系.实验证实,在较宽的应力范围内,二者有较好的线性关系,易于作应力标定。     

激光诱导应力波测量薄膜界面强度研究进展

薄膜界面强度是影响多层薄膜装置性能的重要参数。激光诱导应力波技术是在可控制和非接触条件下定量测量薄膜界面强度最有效的技术之一。在采用高强度应力波短脉冲加载实现界面层裂的同时，通过光学测量薄膜自由面瞬态位移，并利用应力波理论计算得到临界界面强度。通过精确控制试样几何形状及尺寸，包括拉伸、剪切和复合型在内的各种界面加载模式都可以实现。本文对激光诱导应力波测量薄膜界面强度研究进展进行了综述，并特别强调了不同加载模式的实现方法，高强度超薄薄膜的界面测量技术，以及如何通过辨别薄膜自由面瞬态位移光学干涉信号中的某些特殊性征来实时判断和测量界面的层裂。     

应力波在管道中传播的实验研究

实验研究了轴对称加载条件下,在有、无缺陷的管道中应力波的传播特性。实现了在非弥散频率范围内单模态应力波的激励;在无缺陷的情况下研究了应力波的反射、衰减等;同时研究了缺陷前后不同点、距缺陷一定距离的同一截面上的多点对激励的响应。结果表明,由于在波的传播过程中衰减相对较小,这种方法有望实现管道的长距离缺陷检测。     

非线性弹性杆中纵波传播过程的数值模拟

基于Hamilton空间体系的多辛理论研究了包含材料非线性效应和几何弥散效应的非线性弹性杆中纵波传播问题。导出了其Bridges意义下的多辛形式及其多种守恒律,并构造了等价于Box多辛格式的隐式多辛格式对不考虑材料非线性效应和几何弥散效应、只考虑材料非线性效应、只考虑几何弥散效应、同时考虑材料非线性效应和几何弥散效应四种情况下不同截面参数的圆杆中的纵波传播过程进行数值模拟,模拟结果不仅全面地反映了非线性效应和几何弥散效应对纵波传播的影响,而且也反映了多辛方法的两大优点:精确的保持多种守恒律和良好的长时间数值行为。     

A Practical Application of Ultrasonic Thermal Stress Monitoring in Continuous Welded Rails

A methodology designed to monitor thermally induced loads on continuous welded rails (CWR) is presented. The technique is based on the use of sub-surface longitudinal ultrasonic waves (l.c.r. waves) and, by means of a daily data elaboration, allows to obtain the value of the neutral temperature of the rail as a function of time. From such information an estimation of longitudinal stresses, to be used as a reference, can be derived. The methodology here presented has undergone a 2 years testing period, through the instrumentation of about 3 km of railway track. All acquired data have been remotely processed in a single control station.     

Dynamics of stress wave propagation in a chain of photoelastic discs impacted by a planar shock wave: Part II, numerical investigation

The propagation of stress waves through a chain of discs has been studied experimentally in Part I (Glam et al. [1]) and is completed here with numerical investigation using the standard package ABAQUS. A fair agreement is found between experimental findings and their simulations. Based on this agreement, parametric study of wave propagation through disc-chains was conducted. Specifically, effects associated with changes in the disc diameter, material density, stiffness/rigidity and the number of discs in the chain on the stressed chain have been studied. It was found that the propagation velocity of the evolved waves increases with improving contacts between the chain’s discs by exposing the chain to a static load before its dynamic loading. The wave- propagation velocity decreases with increase in the discs material density and it increases when its diameter increases. In case of a chain composed of small diameter discs and/or small material density, the transmitted stress wave is first strengthened and only at discs further down the chain it starts decaying. When checking the influence of the dynamic-loading duration it was found that long dynamic-load duration dissolves quickly into short pulses. It was also found that there is a ‘characteristic’ wave for a given chain. This wave propagates with minimal dispersion. Dynamic loads having shorter time duration than the ‘characteristic’ one experiences significant attenuation.