薄板与圆柱薄壳大挠度计算的混合法

板壳几何非线性问题主要是从两个方面进行分析的:一是“微分方程法”,即求解非线性(对于薄板是指冯·卡门)微分方程组;二是“能量法”,即由总能量泛函的极值或驻值条件给出问题的解,也就是依据最小势能原理或最小余能原理来求解。本文提出一组介于“能量法”与“微分方程法”之间的混合方程:这就是,采用板、圆柱壳的中曲面势能泛函的极值方程以及挠曲平衡微分方程,共同作为分析其几何非线性问题的控制方程组。这组混合方程既有能量的概念又有平衡的概念——控制方程组中既有积分方程又有微分方程,这与传统的计算途径有所不同而具有一定的优越性。文中从变分原理证明了所提出的混合方程组的极值解即为该问题的真实解,并给出“中面自变函数u、v的泛函π的极值原理”。     

考虑土体三维波动效应时弹性支承桩的振动理论及其应用

从三维轴对称土体模型出发，同时考虑土体竖向和径向位移，对弹性支承桩在垂直谐和激振力作用下与土的耦合振动特性进行了分析。假定桩为竖直弹性等截面体，土为线性粘弹性体，其材料阻尼为滞回阻尼。首先通过引入势函数对土体位移进行分解，从而将土体动力平衡方程解耦，求解得到了土层的振动模态形式，然后利用桩土接触面上力平衡和位移连续条件来考虑桩土耦合作用，求解桩的动力平衡方程，得到了桩顶的频域响应解析解、复刚度和速度导纳，利用卷积定理和傅立叶逆变换，求得了半正弦脉冲激振力作用下桩顶速度时域响应半解析解。利用所得解对桩的振动特性进行了无量纲参数分析，得到了许多新的结论。     

西部山区双排抗滑桩的机理及设计研究

将公路、铁路桥梁多排桩计算的结构力学方法引入到双排抗滑桩的计算中。与其不同的是,滑动面以上存在滑坡体,而桥梁的最大冲刷线以上没有考虑这种土体的存在对滑动面以下m法的影响。本文提出了滑动面以下考虑滑坡体存在的修改m法一和修改m法二。本文还对滑动面以上前排桩桩后及后排桩桩前的土压力计算进行了实验分析研究,认为滑动面以上后排桩桩前的土压力可按静止土压力计算,滑动面以上前排桩桩后的土压力按静止土压力计算,但要增加排桩间土体的下滑力。同时,用有限杆单元法对双排桩的连梁刚度进行了分析,当满足不相互影响排桩间距的情况下,桩顶连梁与桩的刚度比不小于0.48是合适的,此时再增加连梁刚度无意义。本文认为双排桩节省费用,而且抵抗变形的能力强,值得在工程中研究和广泛应用。     

被动桩中土拱效应特征与影响参数研究

采用平面有限元方法,对被动桩在粘性、无粘性土体条件下的土拱形成机理进行了分析。从土拱效应的4个主要方面:土拱形状、桩周土体塑性(拉裂)区的分布、竖向位移等值线及桩后土体残余荷载分担比,探讨了改变桩、土参数,如粘聚力、内摩擦角、弹性模量、泊松比、剪胀角、桩土接触面特性时,土拱效应的变化规律。研究表明,土性不同时,土拱形成过程中土体的受力和破坏形式不同;泊松比、剪胀角、桩土接触特征对土拱效应的影响最明显;强度高、剪胀角大、桩土接触面粗糙或泊松比小的土体,易形成土拱。根据研究结果,指出Tom io Ito排桩塑性绕流土压力理论计算公式尚存不足。     

参变量变分原理求解土的变形模量与压缩模量间的关系

运用参变量最小势能原理推导了弹性及塑性状态下的土的变形模量与压缩模量间的关系,认为两者比值与土的内摩擦角Ф、泊松比μ及粘聚力c等土性指标有关,提出了塑性影响因子a及临界应力p^*的概念,指出当试验时土体应力大于土体的临界应力值时,变形模量与压缩模量的理论关系式应引入塑性影响因子a,从而克服了以往基于弹性理论得出的变形模量理论值远小于试验值的不足。     

沉桩挤土位移应力变分解和积分泛函收敛性分析

静压桩是一种挤土桩,沉桩挤土作用将引发很多工程问题. 实际的贯桩过程发生在半无限成层土体中,且单桩具有空间轴对称性,桩的形状和长度也各不相同,因此需要研究半无限土体中一般桩孔扩张的特性和解. 通过对沉桩挤土的研究现状和实际存在问题的分析,建立沉桩挤土三维模型、设定符合变分约束条件的位移函数. 根据研究区域的积分泛函得到问题的位移和应力解. 由于能量泛函涉及三维广义积分问题,所以重点对积分和解的收敛性进行了分析,并应用经典土压力理论、小孔扩张理论和Ansys计算结果对计算和分析结果进行验证.      

含水率与粗料含量对砾石土力学性能影响的试验研究

诸多隧道围岩由宽级配的砾石土组成,砾石土含水率和粗料含量变化时,其力学性能存在较大差异。本文选取集呼高速金盆湾隧道浅埋段具有代表性的砾石土样本进行了室内大型直剪试验,研究了砾石土的力学性能随含水率和粗料含量的变化规律。试验结果表明:当含水率在5.37%~19.19%之间变化时,粘聚力随粗料含量的变化呈相同的变化规律,随着粗料含量增加,粘聚力先迅速下降,后显著增高,在粗料含量为45%左右时取得最小值;当含水率为10%~15%之间的某值时,细料颗粒处于最优含水率状态,当含水率超过最优含水率时,粘聚力显著下降;内摩擦角随粗料含量增加逐渐增加,随含水率增加逐渐降低;结合隧道围岩砾石土的颗粒级配特征,当含水率大于10%时,粘聚力和内摩擦角显著降低,隧道围岩稳定性也随之降低。     

小波加权残值法在斜板后屈曲上的应用

将斜板在大挠度理论下的平衡方程和变形协调方程转化为斜坐标系下的表达式,并无量纲化,对于四边固支斜板,选用尺度小于1的二维bior3.1重构尺度函数与小波作试函数,满足板在平面外的几何与自然边界条件,利用小波-Galerkin法将板的无量纲平衡控制方程与变形协调方程转化为两个非线性方程组,从而将后屈曲路径的求解转化为两非线性方程组的求解问题.以载荷作为迭代步长,采用Newton-Raphson迭代算法求得承受单向压缩四边固支斜板在不同边长比、不同斜角下的后屈曲平衡路径及四级渐近解.     

饱和超固结黏性土的三剪弹塑性本构模型研究

针对饱和超固结黏性土现有下加载面修正剑桥模型中破坏应力比为定值、土体黏聚力为零,以及不能准确反映不同应力状态下土的强度差异这些问题,基于三剪统一强度准则以及应力坐标平移法得到了扩展破坏应力比,其特点是能更好地反映应力状态变化以及土体黏聚力的影响。在此基础上提出了饱和超固结黏性土的三剪弹塑性本构模型,该模型的特点是能描述土体受力时的中间主应力效应,应力区间效应和拉压差影响,同时也能更好地考虑土体黏聚力的影响。基于该模型对ABAQUS软件进行了二次开发,并利用其模拟了饱和超固结黏性土在排水和不排水条件下的真三轴和常规三轴压缩试验特性。对常规三轴压缩条件下土体力学特性作了模拟和试验结果对比。结果表明所提模型能很好地反映不同超固结比下土体的变形、剪胀、孔隙水压力变化特性。     

饱和土和衬砌相互作用的圆形隧洞动力特性

利用 Darcy 渗透定律,通过引入衬砌和土体的相对渗透系数,建立了隧洞边界部分透水条件。将土骨架视为具有分数导数粘弹性本构关系的粘弹性体,基于 Biot 理论,通过界面连续性条件在频率域内给出了简谐轴对称荷载或流体压力作用下饱和粘弹性土-弹性衬砌系统耦合振动时饱和土、衬砌的位移、应力、孔隙水压力表达式,并通过算例分别考察了简谐轴对称荷载、流体压力作用下的分数导数阶数、材料参数比、渗透系数对系统的径向位移幅值 U 、孔隙水压力幅值P 的影响,结果表明：随着分数导数阶数和材料参数比的增加,系统的响应幅值逐渐减小;随着渗透系数κ的增加,轴对称荷载作用下的土体位移幅值和孔隙水压力幅值逐渐减小,当κ大于100时,U 和 P 值无明显变化,流体压力作用下的土体位移幅值和孔隙水压力幅值逐渐增大,当κ大于1时, U 和 P 值无明显变化。     

临近既有地下室平动模式挡土墙主动土压力研究

对于挡土墙距既有地下室很近,挡土墙与既有地下室外墙之间的填土宽度有限的情形,采用经典的库伦、郎肯土压力理论计算挡墙主动土压力是不合适的,设计偏于保守.本文基于库伦滑动土楔假定,考虑地面超载以及墙土之间的摩擦作用,推导出了临近既有地下室的挡土墙主动极限状态下滑裂面倾角和主动土压力系数的解析公式.分析结果表明滑裂面倾角、主动土压力系数与填土宽高比、土内摩擦角、墙土摩擦角以及地面超载等因素有关.并与经典土压力理论及前人研究成果进行对比,所得结论对实际工程有参考价值.     

Analytical Solutions to Expansion of Cylindrical Cavity in Linear Softening Soil

Based on the results of conventional triaxial compression tests for a soil, a trilinear elasto-plastic model is proposed to simulate the stress-strain softening curve. According to this curve, the constitutive relation between the bulk strain and two pr…     

Two-dimensional interaction of a wetting front with an impervious layer: Analytical and numerical solutions

Wetting-front movement can be impaired whenever the flow region includes boundaries such as the soil surface, seepage faces, planes of symmetry, or actual layers that are effectively impermeable, such as heavy clays or coarse materials below the water-entry pressure. An approximate analytical solution for interaction of flow from a line source with a parallel plane, impervious layer is derived. The solution ignores gravity and assumes a particular diffusivity that is related to the constant flow rate. It is exact until interaction begins, and provides an accurate approximation for short times thereafter. It can therefore be used to test the accuracy of numerical solutions of the flow equation, which can then be used with confidence for later times when the analytical approximation breaks down, for instance because gravity is ignored. A finite difference solution was tested in this way for both gradual and steep wetting fronts. Agreement between the two solutions was excellent for the gradual front, with the analytical approximation only slightly in error at later times. Numerical errors at the steep front were much greater; an accurate solution needed a finer spatial grid and a restart from the exact analytical values at the beginning of the interaction. The analytical approximation, though not as accurate as for the gradual front, was still good.     

基于对数螺旋滑裂面的有限宽度土体被动土压力计算方法

基于半无限空间假定的经典朗肯和库仑土压力理论无法准确求解有限宽土体的被动土压力．为了求得不同宽度及墙土摩擦角影响下的被动土压力,首先,基于对数螺旋滑裂面假定,建立大主应力与滑裂面的耦合关系,结合应力莫尔圆导出了滑裂面与两侧墙体的夹角,提出了有限宽度土体的滑裂面控制方程;然后,通过对滑动土楔薄层单元应力分析,推导出被动土压力的大小和分布表达式;最后,采用离散元软件对不同宽度填土进行单侧挡墙平动模式下的被动土压力试验模拟,结果表明,所提出计算理论与数值模拟结果基本一致．该方法求解形式简单,具有很好的工程应用价值．     

One-, two-, and three-dimensional solutions for counter-current steady-state two-phase subsurface flow

This paper derives analytical solutions for steady-state one-dimensional (1-D), two-dimensional (2-D), and three-dimensional (3-D) two-phase immiscible subsurface flow for a counter-current problem. Since the governing equations are highly nonlinear, 2-D and 3-D derivations are generally difficult to obtain. The primary purpose for the solutions is to test finite difference/volume/element computer programs for accuracy and scalability using architectures ranging from PCs to parallel high performance computers. This derivation is accomplished by first solving for the saturation of water in terms of a function that is a solution to Laplace’s equation to achieve a set of partial differential equations that allows some degree of latitude in the choice of boundary conditions. Separation of variables and Fourier series are used to obtain the final solution. The test problem consists of a rectangular block of soil where specified pressure is applied at the top and bottom of the sample, and no-flow boundary conditions are imposed on the sides. The pressure at the top of the sample is a step function that allows the testing of adaptive meshing or concentration of grid points in action zones.     

基于水平土拱效应的桩间挡土板土压力计算研究

基于``平板开缝-装配-焊接'工艺制备了以高聚物为基体的Kagome等蜂窝结构,并开展 了Kagome, 正三角形和菱形蜂窝结构的面内准静态压缩力学行为实验研究,实验过程中应用 CCD图像采集系统和图像相关法对试件进行了全场位移监测. 另外对比传统正六边形蜂窝, 采用数值分析技术,模拟了低速冲击下不同蜂窝结构坍塌行为. 实验结果和数值模拟均 揭示了在材料用量和结构尺寸完全相同的情况下,Kagome蜂窝结构的面内能量吸收性能优于 其它3种蜂窝结构,并发现了Kagome蜂窝压缩变形时所特有的局部蜂窝旋转变形. 研究结果 表明改变蜂窝形状和周期性排布会对蜂窝结构整体的变形模式以及能量吸收性能产生较大的 影响.     

Distribution of active earth pressure of retaining wall with wall movement of rotation about top

Based on the Coulomb‘s theory that the earth pressure against the back of a retaining wall is due to the thrust exerted by the sliding wedge of soil from the back of the wall to a plane which passes through the bottom edge of the wall and has an inclination equal to the angle of O, the theoretical answers to the unit earth pressure, the resultant earth pressure and the point of application of the resultant earth pressure on a retaining wall were obtained for the wall movement mode of rotation about top. The comparisons were made among the formula presented here, the formula for the wall movement mode of translation, the Coulomb‘ s formula and some experimental observations. It is demonstrated that the magnitudes of the resultant earth pressures for the wall movement mode of rotation about top is equal to that determined by the formula for the wall movement mode of translation and the Coulomb‘s theory. But the distribution of the earth pressure and the points of application of the resultant earth pressures have significant difference.     

圆弧型墙背下的主动土压力研究

基于平面滑裂面假设,采用水平层分析法计算墙背为圆弧型情况下的挡土墙主动土压力及其分布情况,分析了挡土墙与墙后填土的各参数对主动土压力大小及分布的影响。计算结果表明,随着挡土墙倾斜角的减小,土压力分布曲线由凸曲线变成凹曲线。最后通过算例将圆弧型墙背下主动土压力及分布的计算结果与平面墙背下的进行分析对比,结果表明当墙背倾斜...     

Rankine pseudo-static earth pressure for c–ϕ soils

This study provides an analytical solution for calculation of seismic active earth pressure on the back of a rigid wall retaining cohesional–frictional (c–φ) soil. The proposed formulation is based on the conjugate stress concept, without employing any additional assumptions, similar to Rankine's original earth pressure formulation. The effects of sloping backfill and wall inclination are considered. In addition, a closed form solution has been derived for the soil–wall friction angle as a function of inertial forces and problem geometry for any given pseudo-static acceleration, as opposed to the constant value commonly employed in practice. The net seismic active force calculated based on the proposed formulations is found to be comparable with those obtained from previously published methods.